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  • Article
    Almohareb RA, Barakat RM, Algahtani FN, Alkadi MF.
    PeerJ. 2023;11:e14656.
    Background: This in vitro investigation aimed to determine the influence of multiple autoclave cycles on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) files: EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and TruNatomy Prime (TN).
    Materials: Sixty NiTi files, twenty of each NiTi file type: ETP 25/.06, PTG 25/.08, and TN 26/.04 were randomly divided into four equal subgroups (n = 5). The files for the control group were left un-autoclaved. Different autoclave sterilization cycles (one, five, and ten) were used for the other three groups. The files were then placed in a metal canal block and rotated according to the manufacturer's instructions until fracture. The length of the broken segment and the time taken for fracture were measured. The fractured surfaces were subsequently subjected to SEM imaging. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the data, followed by Dunn-Bonferroni pairwise comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
    Results: ETP showed significantly greater resistance to cyclic fatigue than TN in all autoclave groups and PTG after five autoclave cycles (p = 0.014). Fatigue resistance was not affected by the number of autoclaving cycles, except for ETP. After the first and tenth autoclaving cycles, they required significantly more rotations to failure than the non-sterilized files (p = 0.039 and p = 0.021, respectively). The fractured segments of the ETP files in these two groups were also longer than those in the control group (p = 0.010).
    Conclusion: The cyclic fatigue resistance of ETP was greater than that of TN in all tested conditions. Repeated autoclave cycles of sterilization improved the cyclic fatigue resistance of the ETP files only and did not affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of TN and PTG. However, the ETP files separated at a longer distance from the tip with increased autoclaving cycles.
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  • Article
    Choudhury KR, Keir ST, Ashcraft KA, Boss MK, Dewhirst MW.
    Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 10;6(16):14656-68.
    We present a method for estimating the empirical dynamic treatment effect (DTE) curves from tumor growth delay (TGD) studies. This improves on current common methods of TGD analysis, such as T/C ratio and doubling times, by providing a more detailed treatment effect and overcomes their lack of reproducibility. The methodology doesn't presuppose any prior form for the treatment effect dynamics and is shown to give consistent estimates with missing data. The method is illustrated by application to real data from TGD studies involving three types of therapy. Firstly, we demonstrate that radiotherapy induces a sharp peak in inhibition in a FaDu model. The height, duration and timing of the peak increase linearly with radiation dose. Second, we demonstrate that a combination of temozolomide and an experimental therapy in a glioma PDX model yields an effect, similar to an additive version of the DTE curves for the mono-therapies, except that there is a 30 day delay in peak inhibition. In the third study, we consider the DTE of anti-angiogenic therapy in glioma. We show that resulting DTE curves are flat. We discuss how features of the DTE curves should be interpreted and potentially used to improve therapy.
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  • Article
    Swiecicki JM, Di Pisa M, Lippi F, Chwetzoff S, Mansuy C, Trugnan G, Chassaing G, Lavielle S, Burlina F.
    Chem Commun (Camb). 2015 Oct 07;51(78):14656-9.
    The recurring issue with cell penetrating peptides is how to increase direct translocation vs. endocytosis, to avoid premature degradation. Acylation by a cis unsaturated chain (C22:6) of a short cationic peptide provides a new rational design to favour diffuse cytosolic and dense Golgi localisations.
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  • Article
    Gerdfeldter B, Andersson A, Wiens S.
    Psychophysiology. 2024 Nov;61(11):e14656.
    The neurological basis for perceptual awareness remains unclear, and theories disagree as to whether sensory cortices per se generate awareness. Critically, neural activity in the sensory cortices is only a neural correlate of consciousness (NCC) if it closely matches the contents of perceptual awareness. Research in vision and touch suggest that contralateral activity in sensory cortices is an NCC. Similarly, research in hearing with two sound sources (left and right) presented over headphones also suggests that a candidate NCC called the auditory awareness negativity (AAN) matches perceived location of sound. The current study used 13 different sound sources presented over loudspeakers for natural localization cues and measured event-related potentials to a threshold stimulus in a sound localization task. Preregistered Bayesian mixed models provided moderate evidence against an overall AAN and very strong evidence against its lateralization. Because of issues regarding data quantity and quality, exploratory analyses with aggregated data from multiple loudspeakers were conducted. Results provided moderate evidence for an overall AAN and strong evidence against its lateralization. Nonetheless, the interpretations of these results remain inconclusive. Therefore, future research should reduce the number of conditions and/or test over several sessions to procure a sufficient amount of data. Taken at face value, the results may suggest issues with AAN as an NCC of auditory awareness, as it does not laterally map onto experiences in a free-field auditory environment, in contrast to the NCCs of vision and touch.
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  • Article
    Capone C, Paolucci PS.
    Sci Rep. 2024 06 25;14(1):14656.
    Humans and animals can learn new skills after practicing for a few hours, while current reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of data to achieve good performances. Recent model-based approaches show promising results by reducing the number of necessary interactions with the environment to learn a desirable policy. However, these methods require biological implausible ingredients, such as the detailed storage of older experiences, and long periods of offline learning. The optimal way to learn and exploit world-models is still an open question. Taking inspiration from biology, we suggest that dreaming might be an efficient expedient to use an inner model. We propose a two-module (agent and model) spiking neural network in which "dreaming" (living new experiences in a model-based simulated environment) significantly boosts learning. Importantly, our model does not require the detailed storage of experiences, and learns online the world-model and the policy. Moreover, we stress that our network is composed of spiking neurons, further increasing the biological plausibility and implementability in neuromorphic hardware.
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  • Article
    Hosseindokht Z, Kolahdouz M, Hajikhani B, Sasanpour P.
    Sci Rep. 2023 09 05;13(1):14656.
    Mechanical properties of bacterial colonies are crucial considering both addressing their pathogenic effects and exploring their potential applications. Viscoelasticity is a key mechanical property with major impacts on the cell shapes and functions, which reflects the information about the cell envelope constituents. Hereby, we have proposed the application of photoacoustic viscoelasticity (PAVE) for studying the rheological properties of bacterial colonies. In this regard, we employed an intensity-modulated laser beam as the excitation source followed by the phase delay measurement between the generated PA signal and the reference for the characterization of colonies of two different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of our study show that the colony of Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria has a significantly higher viscoelasticity ratio compared to that value for Acinetobacter baumannii as Gram-negative bacteria (77% difference). This may be due to the differing cell envelope structure between the two species, but we cannot rule out effects of biofilm formation in the colonies. Furthermore, a lumped model has been provided for the mechanical properties of bacterial colonies.
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  • Article
    Zhang RJ, Yu XY, Wang J, Lv J, Zheng Y, Yu MH, Zang YR, Shi JW, Wang JH, Wang L, Liu ZG.
    Heliyon. 2023 Mar;9(3):e14656.
    Objective: Developing and assessing a risk prediction model of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and aims to provide a reference for the prediction and prevention.
    Design: A retrospective case-control study.
    Setting: Three major urban teaching and university hospitals and tertiary referral centers.
    Participants: consecutive patients undergoing CABG.
    Interventions: The study was retrospective and no interventions were administered to patients.
    Measurements and main results: In the study, the overall new-onset POAF prevalence was approximately 28%. A prediction model for POAF with nine significant indicators was developed, and identified new predictors of POAF: left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), intraoperative defibrillation, and intraoperative temporary pacing lead implantation. The model had good discrimination in both the derivation and validation cohorts, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.621 (95% CI = 0.602-0.640) and 0.616 (95% CI = 0.579-0.651), respectively, and showed good calibration. Compared with CHA2DS2-VASc, HATCH score, and the prediction model of POAF after CABG developed based on a small sample of clinical data from a single center in China, the model in this study had better discrimination.
    Conclusion: We have developed and validated a new prediction model of POAF after CABG using multicenter data that can be used in the clinic for early identification of high-risk patients of POAF, and to help effectively prevent POAF in postoperative patients.
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  • Article
    Hussain D, Khan SA, Khan TA, Alharthi SS.
    Sci Rep. 2022 08 29;12(1):14656.
    In recent times, biopolymer-metal oxide nanocomposites have gained prominent importance in the attenuation of environmental toxicants from aqueous phase. But lanthanide oxide-based biopolymer nanocomposites have scantly been evaluated for their adsorption potential. A novel guar gum-polyacrylamide/erbium oxide nanocomposite (GG-PAAm/Er2O3 NC) adsorbent was synthesized by copolymerization of guar gum (GG) and acrylamide (AAm) utilizing N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and Er2O3 as a reinforcing agent. The adsorptive efficacy of GG-PAAm/Er2O3 nanocomposite was evaluated using nile blue (NB) as a model pollutant dye from aquatic system. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The optimal process parameters, which include dosage (0.8 g/L), agitation time (40 min), initial solution pH (6), and initial NB concentration (80 mg/L) were determined by batch methodology. The equilibrium data for NB confiscation was better expressed by Langmuir isotherm model, with maximal adsorption effectiveness (Qm) of 225.88 mg NB/g demonstrating the actively monolayer adsorption onto homogeneous surface of GG-PAAm/Er2O3 NC. The kinetics of NB sorption process onto GG-PAAm/Er2O3 NC was reliable with pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH° (15-17 kJ/mol) and ΔS° (0.079-0.087 kJ/mol/K), and - ΔG° (8.81-10.55 kJ/mol) for NB validated the endothermic, an increased randomness at the GG-PAAm/Er2O3-NB interface, and spontaneity and feasibility of the process, respectively. The spent nanocomposite was effectively regenerated with NaOH, and could be reused proficiently for five runs demonstrating the high reusability potential of the nanocomposite. The commendable removal efficiency and high reusability of GG-PAAm/Er2O3 NC recommended it to be a highly competent adsorbent for cationic dyes particularly NB diminution from aqueous waste.
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  • Article
    Tang J, Shen Y, Chen G, Wan Q, Wang K, Zhang J, Qin J, Liu G, Zuo S, Tao B, Yu Y, Wang J, Lazarus M, Yu Y.
    Nat Commun. 2017 03 03;8:14656.
    Two distinct monocyte (Mo)/macrophage (Mp) subsets (Ly6Clow and Ly6Chigh) orchestrate cardiac recovery process following myocardial infarction (MI). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is involved in the Mo/Mp-mediated inflammatory response, however, the role of its receptors in Mos/Mps in cardiac healing remains to be determined. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition or gene ablation of the Ep3 receptor in mice suppresses accumulation of Ly6Clow Mos/Mps in infarcted hearts. Ep3 deletion in Mos/Mps markedly attenuates healing after MI by reducing neovascularization in peri-infarct zones. Ep3 deficiency diminishes CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in Mos/Mps by suppressing TGFβ1 signalling and subsequently inhibits Ly6Clow Mos/Mps migration and angiogenesis. Targeted overexpression of Ep3 receptors in Mos/Mps improves wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis. Thus, the PGE2/Ep3 axis promotes cardiac healing after MI by activating reparative Ly6Clow Mos/Mps, indicating that Ep3 receptor activation may be a promising therapeutic target for acute MI.
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  • Article
    Tanaka Y, Watanabe H, Shimoda K, Sakamoto K, Hondo Y, Sentoku M, Sekine R, Kikuchi T, Yasuda K.
    Sci Rep. 2021 07 19;11(1):14656.
    Conventional neuronal network pattern formation techniques cannot control the arrangement of axons and dendrites because network structures must be fixed before neurite differentiation. To overcome this limitation, we developed a non-destructive stepwise microfabrication technique that can be used to alter microchannels within agarose to guide neurites during elongation. Micropatterns were formed in thin agarose layer coating of a cultivation dish using the tip of a 0.7 [Formula: see text]-diameter platinum-coated glass microneedle heated by a focused 1064-nm wavelength infrared laser, which has no absorbance of water. As the size of the heat source was 0.7 [Formula: see text], which is smaller than the laser wavelength, the temperature fell to 45 [Formula: see text] within a distance of 7.0 [Formula: see text] from the edge of the etched agarose microchannel. We exploited the fast temperature decay property to guide cell-to-cell connection during neuronal network cultivation. The first neurite of a hippocampal cell from a microchamber was guided to a microchannel leading to the target neuron with stepwise etching of the micrometer resolution microchannel in the agarose layer, and the elongated neurites were not damaged by the heat of etching. The results indicate the potential of this new technique for fully direction-controlled on-chip neuronal network studies.
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  • Article
    Song D, Li LS, Arsenault PR, Tan Q, Bigham AW, Heaton-Johnson KJ, Master SR, Lee FS.
    J Biol Chem. 2014 May 23;289(21):14656-65.
    The Tibetan population has adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude. Tibetans bear a genetic signature in the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) gene, which encodes for the central oxygen sensor of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Recent studies have focused attention on two nonsynonymous coding region substitutions, D4E and C127S, both of which are markedly enriched in the Tibetan population. These amino acids reside in a region of PHD2 that harbors a zinc finger, which we have previously discovered binds to a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu (PXLE) motif in the HSP90 cochaperone p23, thereby recruiting PHD2 to the HSP90 pathway to facilitate HIF-α hydroxylation. We herein report that the Tibetan PHD2 haplotype (D4E/C127S) strikingly diminishes the interaction of PHD2 with p23, resulting in impaired PHD2 down-regulation of the HIF pathway. The defective binding to p23 depends on both the D4E and C127S substitutions. We also identify a PXLE motif in HSP90 itself that can mediate binding to PHD2 but find that this interaction is maintained with the D4E/C127S PHD2 haplotype. We propose that the Tibetan PHD2 variant is a loss of function (hypomorphic) allele, leading to augmented HIF activation to facilitate adaptation to high altitude.
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  • Article
    Wei F, Shi Z, Wan R, Li Y, Wang Y, An W, Qin K, Cao Y, Chen X, Wang X, Yang L, Dai G, Feng J.
    Sci Rep. 2020 09 04;10(1):14656.
    Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a highly medicinal value tree species. The yield and nutritional contents of goji fruit are significant affected by fertilizer level. In this study, we analyzed the yield and nutritional contents change of goji fruit, which planted in pot (vermiculite:perlite, 1:2, v:v) in growth chamber under P0 (32.5 g/per tree), P1 (65 g/per tree), and P2 (97.5 g/per tree). Meanwhile, we utilized an integrated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to analysis of the response of the metabolome in goji fruit to phosphorus level. The results show that the yield of goji fruits had strongly negative correlation with phosphorus level, especially in the third harvest time. The amino acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and betaine contents of goji fruits in the first harvest time had obvious correlated with the level of phosphorus level. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results indicated that the impact of different phosphorus fertilizer levels on each group mainly involved the biosynthesis of flavonoids. The results provide new insights into the theoretical basis of the relationship between the nutritional contents of goji fruits and phosphorus fertilizer level.
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  • Article
    Chang CH, Chen CH, Hsueh WJ.
    Opt Express. 2013 Jun 17;21(12):14656-61.
    Strong photoluminescence (PL) emission from a resonant Fibonacci quantum well (FQW) is demonstrated. The maximum PL intensity in the FQW is significantly stronger than that in a periodic QW under the Bragg or anti-Bragg conditions. Moreover, the peaks of the squared electric field in the FQW are located very near each of the QWs. The optimal PL spectrum in the FQW has an asymmetrical form rather than the symmetrical one in the periodic case. The maximum PL intensity and the corresponding thickness filling factor in the FQW become greater with increasing generation order.
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  • Article
    Al-Dybiat I, Moudjou M, Martin D, Reine F, Herzog L, Truchet S, Berthon P, Laude H, Rezaei H, Andréoletti O, Béringue V, Sibille P.
    Sci Rep. 2019 10 10;9(1):14656.
    In peripherally acquired prion diseases, prions move through several tissues of the infected host, notably in the lymphoid tissue, long before the occurrence of neuroinvasion. Accumulation can even be restricted to the lymphoid tissue without neuroinvasion and clinical disease. Several experimental observations indicated that the presence of differentiated follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the lymphoid structures and the strain type are critical determinants of prion extraneural replication. In this context, the report that granulomatous structures apparently devoid of FDCs could support prion replication raised the question of the requirements for prion lymphotropism. The report also raised the possibility that nonlymphoid tissue-tropic prions could actually target these inflammatory structures. To investigate these issues, we examined the capacity of closely related prions, albeit with opposite lymphotropism (or FDC dependency), for establishment in experimentally-induced granuloma in ovine PrP transgenic mice. We found a positive correlation between the prion capacity to accumulate in the lymphoid tissue and granuloma, regardless of the prion detection method used. Surprisingly, we also revealed that the accumulation of prions in granulomas involved lymphoid-like structures associated with the granulomas and containing cells that stain positive for PrP, Mfge-8 but not CD45 that strongly suggest FDCs. These results suggest that the FDC requirement for prion replication in lymphoid/inflammatory tissues may be strain-dependent.
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  • Article
    Pavaskar P, Theiss J, Cronin SB.
    Opt Express. 2012 Jun 18;20(13):14656-62.
    Thin Au films (~5 nm) are known to form island-like structures with small gaps between the islands, which produce intense electric field "hot spots" under visible illumination. In this work, we perform finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations based on experimentally observed high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of these films in order to study the nature of the "hot spots" in more detail. Specifically, we study the dependence of the electric field intensity in the hot spots on the surrounding film environment and on the size of the nanogaps. From our simulations, we show that the surrounding film contributes significantly to the electric field intensity at the hot spot by focusing energy to it. Widening of the gap size causes a decrease in the intensity at the hot spot. However, these island-like nanoparticle hot spots are far less sensitive to gap size than nanoparticle dimer geometries, studied previously. In fact, the main factor in determining the hot spot intensity is the focusing effect of the surrounding nano-islands. We show that these random Au island films outperform more sophisticated geometries of spherical nanoparticle clusters that have been optimized using an iterative optimization algorithm.
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  • Article
    Roll GR, Spiro M, Raptis DA, Jalal A, Yan CT, Olthoff KM, Caicedo JC, Lee KW, Yagi S, Cattral MS, Soin AS, ERAS4OLT.org Working Group.
    Clin Transplant. 2022 10;36(10):e14656.
    BACKGROUND: Varied access to deceased donors across the globe has resulted in differential living donor liver transplant (LDLT) practices and lack of consensus over the influence of models for end stage liver disease (MELD), renal function, sarcopenia, or recent infection on short-term outcomes.
    OBJECTIVES: Consider these risk factors in relation to patient selection and provide recommendations.
    DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central.
    METHODS: PRIMSA systematic review and GRADE.
    PROSPERO ID: RD42021260809 RESULTS: MELD >25-30 alone is not a contraindication to LDLT, and multiple studies found no increase in short term mortality in high MELD patients. Contributing factors such as muscle mass, acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation score, donor age, graft weight/recipient weight ratio, and inclusion of the middle hepatic vein in a right lobe graft influence morbidity and mortality in high MELD patients. Higher mortality is observed with pretransplant renal dysfunction, but short-term mortality is rare. Sarcopenia and recent infection are not contraindications to LDLT. Morbidity and prolonged LOS are common, and more frequent in patients with renal dysfunction, nutritional deficiency or recent infection.
    CONCLUSIONS: When individual risk factors are studied mortality is low and graft loss is infrequent, but morbidity is common. MELD, especially with concomitant risk factors, had the greatest influence on short term outcome, and recent infection had the least. A multidisciplinary team of experts should carefully assess patients with multiple risk factors, and an optimal graft is recommended.
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  • Article
    Almoneef TS, Erkmen F, Ramahi OM.
    Sci Rep. 2017 11 07;7(1):14656.
    We present the idea and design of a dual polarized metasurface for electromagnetic energy harvesting. A 4 × 4 super cell with alternating vias between adjacent cells was designed to allow for capturing the energy from various incident angles at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The collected energy is then channeled to a feeding network that collects the AC power and feeds it to a rectification circuitry. The simulation results yielded a radiation to AC and an AC to DC conversion efficiencies of around 90% and 80%, respectively. As a proof of concept, an array consisting of 9 super cells was fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed energy harvester is capable of capturing up to 70% of the energy from a planewave having various polarizations and converting it to usable DC power.
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  • Article
    Park K, Kim H.
    Nanoscale. 2021 Sep 17;13(35):14656-14665.
    The self-assembling mechanism of elasto-capillaries opens new applications in micro and nanotechnology by providing 3D assembly structures with 2D planar unit cells, so-called capillary origami. To date, the final structure has been designed based on the predetermined shape and size of the unit cell. Here, we show that plate-like salt crystallites grow and cover the emulsion interface, which is driven by Laplace pressure. Eventually, it creates a spherical capsule with self-assembled nanostructures. The capsule and the crystallite are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. To explain the mechanism, we develop a theoretical model to estimate the capsule size, the shell thickness, and the conditions necessary to form the shell based on a thin-walled pressure vessel. The proposed crystal capillary origami can fabricate a three-dimensional self-assembled salt capsule without any complicated procedures. We believe that it can offer a new physicochemical avenue for the spontaneous and facile fabrication of water-soluble carrier particles.
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  • Article
    Ramachandran P, Erdinc B, Abowali HA, Zahid U, Gotlieb V, Spitalewitz S.
    Cureus. 2021 Apr 24;13(4):e14656.
    This study aims to identify the baseline patient characteristics, clinical presentation, and response to treatment of 11 patients who were diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) between 2014 and 2020 at Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY. Laboratory and clinical parameters were recorded for 29 patients who received plasmapheresis in this time period. Of 29 patients, 11 had confirmed TTP and one was diagnosed with hereditary TTP. Young, black, and female patients made up the majority of our patient population. A high prevalence of obesity and drug abuse were seen among our patients. Five out of 11 were obese and four of them were morbidly obese; six out of 11 patients were positive for the drug screen including cannabinoids (3), opiates (2), benzodiazepines (1), PCP (1), and methadone (1). Four patients with a positive drug screen had acute kidney injury (AKI), and plasmapheresis helped them enhance their kidney function. We observed a high incidence of AKI and high TTP exacerbation rates in patients who were drug abusers and those who were morbidly obese. There is a paucity of data on the relationship of TTP with obesityor drug abuse and this needs further study.
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  • Article
    Theofilidis G, Bogdanis GC, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Krase AA, Tsatalas T, Shum G, Sakkas GK, Koutedakis Y, Karatzaferi C.
    Physiol Rep. 2021 01;9(1):e14656.
    We examined changes in selected muscle performance parameters after 8 weeks of interval training using two opposite running inclinations. We hypothesized that the uphill training will affect endurance muscle performance outcomes, whereas the downhill training will affect power muscle performance outcomes. Fourteen physically active volunteers were randomly assigned into either the Uphill group (UG; n = 7; uphill interval running at +10% incline) or the Downhill group (DG; n = 7; downhill interval running at -10% incline) and completed 16 training sessions. Each session consisted of ten 30 s treadmill runs at 90% of maximum aerobic speed (MAS) with a work to rest ratio of 1:2. Vertical jump performance, isometric (MVC) and isokinetic torque of knee extensors and flexors, and fatigue of knee extensors were evaluated pre and post-training. Moreover, body composition (via bioimpedance) and vastus lateralis muscle architecture (via ultrasonography) were assessed pre and post-training. Relative lean tissue mass, relative fat mass, and squat jump (cm) significantly (p < .05) changed from baseline values by +4.5 ± 4.0%, -11.5 ± 9.6%, and +9.5 ± 11.7%, respectively, only in the DG. Similarly, DG improved absolute values of knee extension rate of torque development and impulse (p < .05), whereas knee flexion peak torque angle significantly decreased in both groups (p < .05). On the other hand, the UG increased the number of repetitions achieved during the fatigue protocol and total work by 21.2 ± 32.6% and 13.8 ± 21.2%, respectively (p < .05). No differences were found between groups in muscle architecture. Introducing variations in slope during HIIT could be used to induce specific improvements toward muscle endurance or power performance characteristics.
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