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  • Article
    Pajtler KW, Mahlow E, Odersky A, Lindner S, Stephan H, Bendix I, Eggert A, Schramm A, Schulte JH.
    Oncotarget. 2014 Nov 30;5(22):11180-92.
    In neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor of childhood, excellent prognosis is associated with extensive Schwann cell (SC) content and high-level expression of the neurotrophin receptor, NTRK1/TrkA, which is known to mediate neuroblastoma cell differentiation. We hypothesized that both stromal composition and neuroblastic differentiation are based on bidirectional neuroblastoma-SC interaction. Reanalysis of microarray data from human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with either NTRK1 or NTRK2 revealed upregulation of the mRNA for the SC growth factor, NRG1, in NTRK1-positive cells. Media conditioned by NTRK1-expressing neuroblastoma cells induced SC proliferation and migration, while antibody-based NRG1 neutralization significantly decreased these effects. Vice versa, NRG1-stimulated SC secreted the NTRK1-specific ligand, NGF. SC-conditioned medium activated the NTRK1 receptor in a neuroblastoma cell culture model conditionally expressing NTRK1 and induced differentiation markers in NTRK1-expressing cells. NTRK1 induction in neuroblastoma xenografts mixed with primary SC also significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. We propose a model for NTRK1-mediated and NRG1-dependent attraction of adjacent SC, which in turn induce neuroblastic differentiation by secretion of the NTRK1-specific ligand, NGF. These findings have implications for understanding the mature and less malignant neuroblastoma phenotype associated with NTRK1 expression, and could assist the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuroblastoma differentiation.
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  • Article
    Jonauskaite D, Camenzind L, Parraga CA, Diouf CN, Mercapide Ducommun M, Müller L, Norberg M, Mohr C.
    PeerJ. 2021;9:e11180.
    Colours and emotions are associated in languages and traditions. Some of us may convey sadness by saying feeling blue or by wearing black clothes at funerals. The first example is a conceptual experience of colour and the second example is an immediate perceptual experience of colour. To investigate whether one or the other type of experience more strongly drives colour-emotion associations, we tested 64 congenitally red-green colour-blind men and 66 non-colour-blind men. All participants associated 12 colours, presented as terms or patches, with 20 emotion concepts, and rated intensities of the associated emotions. We found that colour-blind and non-colour-blind men associated similar emotions with colours, irrespective of whether colours were conveyed via terms (r = .82) or patches (r = .80). The colour-emotion associations and the emotion intensities were not modulated by participants' severity of colour blindness. Hinting at some additional, although minor, role of actual colour perception, the consistencies in associations for colour terms and patches were higher in non-colour-blind than colour-blind men. Together, these results suggest that colour-emotion associations in adults do not require immediate perceptual colour experiences, as conceptual experiences are sufficient.
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  • Article
    Li N, Matthews PD, Luo HK, Wright DS.
    Chem Commun (Camb). 2016 Sep 28;52(75):11180-90.
    Functional ligand-modified polyoxotitanate (L-POT) cages of the general type [TixOy(OR)z(L)m] (OR = alkoxide, L = functional ligand) can be regarded as molecular fragments of surface-sensitized solid-state TiO2, and are of value as models for studying the interfacial charge and energy transfer between the bound functional ligands and a bulk semiconductor surface. These L-POTs have also had a marked impact in many other research fields, such as single-source precursors for TiO2 deposition, inorganic-organic hybrid material construction, photocatalysis, photoluminescence, asymmetric catalysis and gas adsorption. Their atomically well-defined structures provide the basis for the understanding of structure/property relationships and ultimately for the rational design of new cages targeting specific uses. This highlight focuses on recent advances in L-POTs research, with emphasis on their novel properties and potential applications.
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  • Article
    Kong SC, Yuen CN.
    Heliyon. 2022 Oct;8(10):e11180.
    Alternative assessment aims to increase the practicality and authenticity of assessment in university education and has been increasingly used during the pandemic. The implementation can be ineffective without considering students' needs and concerns in adapting to new assessment practices. This mixed-methods study applied an attitude-behaviour-context model to examine students' perceptions about the implementation of alternative assessment. One hundred and thirteen questionnaires were collected from students who experienced alternative assessment before the survey. Six students were interviewed about their learning experience. The quantitative results revealed that the students' perceived context of alternative assessment directly influenced their learning behaviour. The students' attitudes towards alternative assessment partially mediated the relationship between their perceived context of alternative assessment and their learning behaviour. The qualitative data were analysed using a deductive thematic approach, providing an in-depth interpretation of students' understanding and awareness of perceived teacher support and expectations about alternative assessment at the university. The semi-structured interview found that although students positively viewed the alternative assessment as an authentic task that help developing their higher-level thinking skills, the effectiveness of the assessment was weakened by the insufficient support and monotonous types of the assessment. This study's findings provide practical suggestions for teachers and universities to improve alternative assessment.
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  • Article
    Kasprzak GT, Jarosik MW, Durajski AP.
    Sci Rep. 2024 May 16;14(1):11180.
    The best choice today for a realistic method of increasing the energy density of a metal-ion battery is to find novel, effective electrode materials. In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation of the properties of hitherto unreported two-dimensional B 3 C 5 and N 3 C 5 bilayer systems as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The simulation results show that N 3 C 5 bilayer is not suitable for anode material due to its thermal instability. On the other hand B 3 C 5 is stable, has good electrical conductivity, and is intrinsically metallic before and after lithium intercalation. The low diffusion barrier (0.27 eV) of Li atoms shows a good charge and discharge rate for B 3 C 5 bilayer. Moreover, the high theoretical specific capacity (579.57 mAh/g) connected with moderate volume expansion effect during charge/discharge processes indicates that B 3 C 5 is a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries.
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  • Article
    Baselga M, Iruzubieta P, Castiella T, Monzón M, Monleón E, Berga C, Schuhmacher AJ, Junquera C.
    Sci Rep. 2023 07 10;13(1):11180.
    Cancer progression and its impact on treatment response and prognosis is deeply regulated by tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells are in constant communication and modulate TME through several mechanisms, including transfer of tumour-promoting cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or oncogenic signal detection by primary cilia. Spheresomes are a specific EV that arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicles. They accumulate beneath cell membrane and are released to the extracellular medium through multivesicular spheres. This study describes spheresomes in low-grade gliomas using electron microscopy. We found that spheresomes are more frequent than exosomes in these tumours and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the distinct biogenesis processes of these EVs result in unique cargo profiles, suggesting different functional roles. We also identified primary cilia in these tumours. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of glioma progression and metastasis.
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  • Article
    Subramanian R, Tang R, Zhang Z, Joshi V, Miner JN, Lo YH.
    Sci Rep. 2022 07 01;12(1):11180.
    To improve the understanding of the complex biological process underlying the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 3D imaging flow cytometry (3D-IFC) with transmission and side-scattered images were used to characterize hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and liver endothelial cell (LEC) morphology at single-cell resolution. In this study, HSC and LEC were obtained from biopsy-proven NASH subjects with early-stage NASH (F2-F3) and healthy controls. Here, we applied single-cell imaging and 3D digital reconstructions of healthy and diseased cells to analyze a spatially resolved set of morphometric cellular and texture parameters that showed regression with disease progression. By developing a customized autoencoder convolutional neural network (CNN) based on label-free cell transmission and side scattering images obtained from a 3D imaging flow cytometer, we demonstrated key regulated cell types involved in the development of NASH and cell classification performance superior to conventional machine learning methods.
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  • Article
    Poorbahrami K, Vignon-Clementel IE, Shadden SC, Oakes JM.
    Sci Rep. 2021 05 27;11(1):11180.
    Anatomical and physiological changes alter airflow characteristics and aerosol distribution in the developing lung. Correlation between age and aerosol dosimetry is needed, specifically because youth are more susceptible to medication side effects. In this study, we estimate aerosol dosages (particle diameters of 1, 3, and 5 [Formula: see text]m) in a 3 month-old infant, a 6 year-old child, and a 36 year-old adult by performing whole lung subject-specific particle simulations throughout respiration. For 3 [Formula: see text]m diameter particles we estimate total deposition as 88, 73, and [Formula: see text] and the conducting versus respiratory deposition ratios as 4.0, 0.5, and 0.4 for the infant, child, and adult, respectively. Due to their lower tidal volumes and functional residual capacities the deposited mass is smaller while the tissue concentrations are larger in the infant and child subjects, compared to the adult. Furthermore, we find that dose cannot be predicted by simply scaling by tidal volumes. These results highlight the need for additional clinical and computational studies that investigate the efficiency of treatment, while optimizing dosage levels in order to alleviate side effects, in youth.
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  • Article
    Smith DF, Kilgour DP, Konijnenburg M, O'Connor PB, Heeren RM.
    Anal Chem. 2013 Dec 03;85(23):11180-4.
    Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry offers the highest mass resolving power for molecular imaging experiments. This high mass resolving power ensures that closely spaced peaks at the same nominal mass are resolved for proper image generation. Typically higher magnetic fields are used to increase mass resolving power. However, a gain in mass resolving power can also be realized by phase correction of the data for absorption mode display. In addition to mass resolving power, absorption mode offers higher mass accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio over the conventional magnitude mode. Here, we present the first use of absorption mode for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging. The Autophaser algorithm is used to phase correct each spectrum (pixel) in the image, and then, these parameters are used by the Chameleon work-flow based data processing software to generate absorption mode "Datacubes" for image and spectral viewing. Absorption mode reveals new mass and spatial features that are not resolved in magnitude mode and results in improved selected ion image contrast.
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  • Article
    Kovacevic KD, Buchtele N, Schoergenhofer C, Derhaschnig U, Gelbenegger G, Brostjan C, Zhu S, Gilbert JC, Jilma B.
    Sci Rep. 2020 07 07;10(1):11180.
    Von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a major role in arterial thrombosis. Antiplatelet drugs induce only a moderate relative risk reduction after atherothrombosis, and their inhibitory effects are compromised under high shear rates when VWF levels are increased. Therefore, we investigated the ex vivo effects of a third-generation anti-VWF aptamer (BT200) before/after stimulated VWF release. We studied the concentration-effect curves BT200 had on VWF activity, platelet plug formation under high shear rates (PFA), and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (Multiplate) before and after desmopressin or endotoxin infusions in healthy volunteers. VWF levels increased > 2.5-fold after desmopressin or endotoxin infusion (p < 0.001) and both agents elevated circulating VWF activity. At baseline, 0.51 µg/ml BT200 reduced VWF activity to 20% of normal, but 2.5-fold higher BT200 levels were required after desmopressin administration (p < 0.001). Similarly, twofold higher BT200 concentrations were needed after endotoxin infusion compared to baseline (p < 0.011). BT200 levels of 0.49 µg/ml prolonged collagen-ADP closure times to > 300 s at baseline, whereas 1.35 µg/ml BT200 were needed 2 h after desmopressin infusion. Similarly, twofold higher BT200 concentrations were necessary to inhibit ristocetin induced aggregation after desmopressin infusion compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Both stimuli elevated plasma VWF levels in a manner representative of thrombotic or pro-inflammatory conditions such as arterial thrombosis. Even under these conditions, BT200 potently inhibited VWF activity and VWF-dependent platelet function, but higher BT200 concentrations were required for comparable effects relative to the unstimulated state.
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  • Article
    Svenningsson AL, Stomrud E, Insel PS, Mattsson N, Palmqvist S, Hansson O.
    Sci Rep. 2019 08 01;9(1):11180.
    The independent effects of different brain pathologies on age-dependent cognitive decline are unclear. We examined this in 300 cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals from the BioFINDER study. Using cognition as outcome we studied the effects of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for amyloid-β (Aβ42/40), neuroinflammation (YKL-40), and neurodegeneration and tau pathology (T-tau and P-tau) as well as MRI measures of white-matter lesions, hippocampal volume (HV), and regional cortical thickness. We found that Aβ positivity and HV were independently associated with memory. Results differed depending on age, with memory being associated with HV (but not Aβ) in older participants (73.3-88.4 years), and with Aβ (but not HV) in relatively younger participants (65.2-73.2 years). This indicates that Aβ and atrophy are independent contributors to memory variability in cognitively healthy elderly and that Aβ mainly affects memory in younger elderly individuals. With advancing age, the effect of brain atrophy overshadows the effect of Aβ on memory function.
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  • Article
    Wang X, Wang J, Cheng H, Yu P, Ye J, Mao L.
    Langmuir. 2011 Sep 06;27(17):11180-6.
    This study demonstrates the capability of graphene as a spacer to form electrochemically functionalized multilayered nanostructures onto electrodes in a controllable manner through layer-by-layer (LBL) chemistry. Methylene green (MG) and positively charged methylimidazolium-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were used as examples of electroactive species and electrochemically useful components for the assembly, respectively. By using graphene as the spacer, the multilayered nanostructures of graphene/MG and graphene/MWNT could be readily formed onto electrodes with the LBL method on the basis of the electrostatic and/or π-π interaction(s) between graphene and the electrochemically useful components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the assembly processes, and the results revealed that nanostructure assembly was uniform and effective with graphene as the spacer. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that the assembled nanostructures possess excellent electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of NADH and could thus be used as electronic transducers for bioelectronic devices. This potential was further demonstrated by using an alcohol dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensor and glucose dehydrogenase-based glucose/O(2) biofuel cell as typical examples. This study offers a simple route to the controllable formation of graphene-based electrochemically functionalized nanostructures that can be used for the development of molecular bioelectronic devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells.
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  • Article
    Lampropoulos C, Koo C, Hill SO, Abboud K, Christou G.
    Inorg Chem. 2008 Dec 01;47(23):11180-90.
    Four mixed-valent (Mn(IV)Mn(III)(6)Mn(II)(6)) tridecanuclear Mn clusters [Mn(13)O(8)(OH)(6)(ndc)(6)] (1), [Mn(13)O(8)(OEt)(5)(OH)(ndc)(6)] (2), [Mn(13)O(8)(O(2)CPh)(12)(OEt)(6)] (3), and [Mn(13)O(8)(OMe)(6)(ndc)(6)] (4) are reported, where ndcH(2) is 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. This is the first use of the latter in Mn chemistry. Complexes 1-3 are essentially isostructural and possess a central core composed of three layers. The middle layer consists of a Mn(II)(6) hexagon containing a central Mn(IV) atom, and above and below this are Mn(III)(3) triangular units. These core Mn atoms are held together by a combination of O(2-), RO(-), or HO(-) bridging groups. The overall metal topology is an unusual one, with the overall geometry being a metal-centered cuboctahedron (heptaparallelohedron). Variable-temperature, solid-state dc, and ac magnetization studies were carried out on complexes 1-4 in the 5.0-300 K range. Compound 1 was found to possess an S = 9/2 ground-state spin, whereas 2, 3, and 4 have an S = 11/2 ground state. Fitting of the magnetization (M) versus field (H) and temperature (T) data by matrix diagonalization and including only axial zero-field splitting, D, gave D = -0.14 cm(-1) for 1. High-frequency EPR studies were carried out on single crystals of 1.xDMF, and these confirmed D to be very small, that is, 1 is essentially isotropic. The combined work demonstrates the ligating ability of 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylate, notwithstanding its robust organic backbone and the restricted parallel disposition of its two carboxylate moieties, and its usefulness in the synthesis of new polynuclear Mn(x) clusters. The work also demonstrates a sensitivity of the ground-state spin in this Mn(13) family of complexes to relatively small structural perturbations, while the high-frequency EPR study demonstrated the magnetically isotropic nature of the Mn(13) core.
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  • Article
    Kang A, Khokale R, Awolumate OJ, Fayyaz H, Cancarevic I.
    Cureus. 2020 Oct 26;12(10):e11180.
    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition wherein there is reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and regurgitation with a sour and bitter taste in the mouth. It may or may not lead to mucosal injury. GERD symptoms can be troublesome and negatively impact the quality of life. Estrogen, the sex hormone in females, may play a role in the gender differences observed in GERD symptoms. This review article analyzes estrogen's mechanism in the causation of GERD symptoms and its complications. A better understanding of pathophysiology will help us guide early detection, treatment, and prevention of repeated reflux complications. We did a comprehensive PubMed database search and analyzed differences in GERD symptoms experienced by males and females and the role of estrogen in erosive and non-erosive GERD. GERD symptoms in association with hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and pregnancy, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxant effects, and estrogens' protective effect on the esophagus from mucosal injury due to repeated reflux are discussed. Estrogen can cause GERD as an adverse effect and, at the same time, can be used to protect the mucosa from GERD induced injury and its complications like metaplasia and cancer. The mechanism is complex and requires further studies and trials. We recommend future researchers to look for possible estrogen use to treat erosive GERD and complication prevention.
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  • Article
    González-Blanch C, Hernández-de-Hita F, Muñoz-Navarro R, Ruíz-Rodríguez P, Medrano LA, Cano-Vindel A.
    Sci Rep. 2018 07 25;8(1):11180.
    Despite the importance of quality of life (QoL) in primary care patients with emotional disorders, the specific influence of the symptoms of these disorders and the sociodemographic characteristics of patients on the various QoL domains has received scant attention. The aim of the present study of primary care patients with emotional disorders was to analyse the associations between four different QoL domains and the most prevalent clinical symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization), while controlling for sociodemographic variables. A total of 1241 participants from 28 primary care centres in Spain were assessed with the following instruments: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to evaluate depression; the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD)-7 for anxiety; PHQ-15 for somatization; and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form (WHOQOL-Bref) to assess four broad QoL domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The associations between the symptoms and QoL domains were examined using hierarchical regression analyses. Adjusted QoL mean values as a function of the number of overlapping diagnoses were calculated. The contribution of sociodemographic variables to most QoL domains was modest, explaining anywhere from 2% to 11% of the variance. However, adding the clinical variables increased the variance explained by 12% to 40% depending on the specific QoL domain. Depression was the strongest predictor for all domains. The number of overlapping diagnoses adversely affected all QoL domains, with each additional diagnosis reducing the main QoL subscales by 5 to 10 points. In primary care patients with a diagnostic impression of an emotional disorders as identified by their treating GP, clinical symptoms explained more of the variance in QoL than sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, level of education, marital status, work status, and income. Given the strong relationship between depressive symptoms and QoL, treatment of depression may constitute a key therapeutic target to improve QoL in people with emotional disorders in primary care.
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  • Article
    Poulain L, Mathieu H, Thomas A, Borel AL, Remy C, Levy P, Arnaud C, Dematteis M.
    Sci Rep. 2017 09 11;7(1):11180.
    Sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapses during night leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH). The latter is responsible for metabolic disturbances that rely, at least in part, on abdominal white fat inflammation. Besides qualitative alterations, we hypothesized that IH could also modify body fat distribution, a key factor for metabolic complications. C57BL6 mice exposed to IH (21-5% FiO2, 60 s cycle, 8 h/day) or air for 6 weeks were investigated for topographic fat alterations (whole-body MRI). Specific role of epididymal fat in IH-induced metabolic dysfunctions was assessed in lipectomized or sham-operated mice exposed to IH or air. Whereas total white fat volume was unchanged, IH induced epididymal adipose tissue (AT) loss with non-significant increase in subcutaneous and mesenteric fat. This was associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion. Epididymal lipectomy led to increased subcutaneous fat in the perineal compartment and prevented IH-induced metabolic disturbances. IH led to reduced epididymal AT and impaired glucose regulation. This suggests that, rather than epididymal AT volume, qualitative fat alterations (i.e. inflammation) could represent the main determinant of metabolic dysfunction. This deterioration of glucose regulation was prevented in epididymal-lipectomized mice, possibly through prevention of IH-induced epididymal AT alterations and compensatory increase in subcutaneous AT.
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  • Article
    Mori K, Miura Y, Shironita S, Yamashita H.
    Langmuir. 2009 Sep 15;25(18):11180-7.
    A simple and unique route to synthesize nanosize Pd particles using a zeolite support including a single-site Ti oxide moiety (TS-1) under UV-light irradiation has been developed. By the photoassisted deposition (PAD) method, a Pd precursor can be deposited directly on the photoexcited tetrahedrally coordinated Ti oxide moiety within the zeolite frameworks from an aqueous solution of Pd. The subsequent reduction with H2 generates the nanosized Pd metal particles with a narrow size distribution (PAD-Pd/TS-1). Characterization by XAFS and TEM analysis revealed that the size of the metal particles depends on the preparation methods and that the smaller sizes of Pd nanoparticles were formed on the photodeposited catalysts compared with the conventionally prepared impregnated catalysts. PAD also provides PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles from an aqueous solution of mixture of PdCl2 and HAuCl4. The catalytic activities in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using H2 and O2 gases under atmospheric pressure were strongly dependent on the preparation method and the presence of Au atoms. Here, both deposition of PdAu onto the TS-1 moiety under UV-light irradiation was the most efficient for the above reaction. The applicability of the present catalytic system is highlighted by the one-pot reaction of phenol using PAD-Pd/TS-1 in the presence of H2 and O2, in which both Pd nanoparticles and isolated Ti oxide moieties within the frameworks participate in the formation of H2O2 and oxidation of phenol, respectively.
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  • Article
    Dhellemmes L, Leclercq L, Lichtenauer L, Höchsmann A, Leitner M, Ebner A, Martin M, Neusüß C, Cottet H.
    Anal Chem. 2024 07 16;96(28):11172-11180.
    Improving separation efficiency in capillary electrophoresis (CE) requires systematic study of the influence of the electric field (or solute linear velocity) on plate height for a better understanding of the critical parameters controlling peak broadening. Even for poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) successive multiple ionic-polymer layer (SMIL) coatings, which lead to efficient and reproducible separations of proteins, plate height increases with migration velocity, limiting the use of high electric fields in CE. Solute adsorption onto the capillary wall was generally considered as the main source of peak dispersion, explaining this plate height increase. However, experiments done with Taylor dispersion analysis and CE in the same conditions indicate that other phenomena may come into play. Protein adsorption with slow kinetics and few adsorption sites was established as a source of peak broadening for specific proteins. Surface charge inhomogeneity was also identified as a contribution to plate height due to local electroosmotic fluctuations. A model was proposed and applied to partial PDADMAC/poly(ethylene oxide) capillary coatings as well as PDADMAC/PSS SMIL coatings. Atomic force microscopy with topography and recognition imaging enabled the determination of roughness and charge distribution of the PDADMAC/PSS SMIL surface.
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  • Article
    Brown AC, Towles KB, Wrenn SP.
    Langmuir. 2007 Oct 23;23(22):11180-7.
    This work applied two steady-state fluorescence techniques to detect nanoscopic membrane domains in a binary dimyristoylphosphocholine (DMPC)-cholesterol system and a ternary dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC)-dipalmitoylphosphocholine (DPPC)-cholesterol system. A polarity-induced spectral shift in the emission spectra of 1-myristoyl-2-[12-[(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino]dodecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DAN-PC) in combination with a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay agreed with the phase diagrams that have been published for these systems and were observed to be useful tools in the detection of membrane heterogeneities. The DAN-PC/dehydroergosterol (DHE) FRET pair was found to be best suited for use with these steady-state techniques because of their differential partitioning between phases, although a high acceptor concentration was needed to obtain accurate measurements. In the binary system, this high probe concentration was found to be perturbing, but in more representative ternary systems, the high probe concentration no longer disrupted the phase behavior of the system. This FRET pair allowed for the calculation of nanometer-scale domain sizes in model ternary systems, using the two steady-state fluorescence techniques along with a clear and straightforward model.
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  • Article
    Pennell TM, Sharma MD, Sutter A, Wilson DT, House CM, Hosken DJ.
    Ecol Evol. 2024 Mar;14(3):e11180.
    The male genitals of internal fertilisers evolve rapidly and divergently, and sexual selection is generally responsible for this. Many sexually selected traits are condition-dependent-with their expression dependent upon the resources available to be allocated to them-as revealed by genetic or environmental manipulations of condition. However, it is not clear whether male genitals are also condition-dependent. Here we manipulate condition in two ways (via inbreeding and diet) to test the condition-dependence of the genital arch of Drosophila simulans. We found that genital size but not genital shape suffered from inbreeding depression, whereas genital size and shape were affected by dietary manipulation of condition. The differential effects of these treatments likely reflect underlying genetic architecture that has been shaped by past selection: inbreeding depression is only expected when traits have a history of directional selection, while diet impacts traits regardless of historical selection. Nonetheless, our results suggest genitals can be condition-dependent like other sexually selected traits.
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