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- ArticleRich K.Nutrients. 2015 Jul 17;7(7):5961-4.
- ArticleElani Y, Solvas XC, Edel JB, Law RV, Ces O.Chem Commun (Camb). 2016 May 01;52(35):5961-4.Compartmentalised structures based on droplet interface bilayers (DIBs), including multisomes and compartmentalised vesicles, are seen by many as the next generation of biomimetic soft matter devices. Herein, we outline a microfluidic approach for the construction of miniaturised multisomes of pL volumes in high-throughput and demonstrate their potential as vehicles for in situ chemical synthesis.
- ArticleWallentin J, Ek M, Vainorious N, Mergenthaler K, Samuelson L, Pistol ME, Reine Wallenberg L, Borgström MT.Nano Lett. 2013;13(12):5961-6.Semiconductor-oxide heterointerfaces have several electron volts high-charge carrier potential barriers, which may enable devices utilizing quantum confinement at room temperature. While a single heterointerface is easily formed by oxide deposition on a crystalline semiconductor, as in MOS transistors, the amorphous structure of most oxides inhibits epitaxy of a second semiconductor layer. Here, we overcome this limitation by separating epitaxy from oxidation, using postgrowth oxidation of AlP segments to create axial and core-shell semiconductor-oxide heterostructured nanowires. Complete epitaxial AlP-InP nanowire structures were first grown in an oxygen-free environment. Subsequent exposure to air converted the AlP segments into amorphous aluminum oxide segments, leaving isolated InP segments in an oxide matrix. InP quantum dots formed on the nanowire sidewalls exhibit room temperature photoluminescence with small line widths (down to 15 meV) and high intensity. This optical performance, together with the control of heterostructure segment length, diameter, and position, opens up for optoelectrical applications at room temperature.
- ArticleWang D, Song Q, Zhao T, Wang F, Yu Y, Qi J, Lyu P, Duan X.Bioengineered. 2022 03;13(3):5954-5961.Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MRPS30 divergent transcript (also known as BRCAT54) is recently reported to promote lung cancer. The involvement of BRCAT54 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unknown. This study investigated the role of BRCAT54 in TNBC. The expression of BRCAT54 and microRNA(miR)-130b was detected by RT-qPCR. The subcellular location of BRCAT54 in TNBC cells was analyzed by nuclear fractionation assay. Overexpression of BRCAT54 and miR-130b was achieved in TNBC cells to explore the interaction between then. The role of BRCAT54 and miR-130b in TNBC cell proliferation was evaluated by BrdU assay. BRCAT54 was downregulated in TNBC, while miR-130b was upregulated in TNBC tissues. BRCAT54 and miR-130b were inversely correlated across both TNBC and normal tissues. BRCAT54 was detected in cytoplasm and was predicted to be targeted by miR-130b. In TNBC cells, downregulation of BRCAT54 was observed after the overexpression of miR-130b. Moreover, BRCAT54 decreased cell proliferation and miR-130b increased cell proliferation. Besides, BRCAT54 suppressed the role of miR-130b in increasing cell proliferation. Therefore, BRCAT54 can be detected in cytoplasm and was targeted by miR-130b to increase cell proliferation.
- ArticleHoneyman AS, Day ML, Spear JR.PeerJ. 2018;6:e5961.Snowfall is a global phenomenon highly integrated with hydrology and ecology. Forays into studying bioaerosols and their dependence on aeolian movement are largely constrained to either precipitation-independent analyses or in silico models. Though snowpack and glacial microbiological studies have been conducted, little is known about the biological component of meteoric snow. Through culture-independent phylogenetic and geochemical analyses, we show that the geographical location at which snow precipitates determines snowfall's geochemical and microbiological composition. Storm-tracking, furthermore, can be used as a valuable environmental indicator to trace down what factors are influencing bioaerosols. We estimate annual aeolian snowfall deposits of up to ∼10 kg of bacterial/archaeal biomass per hectare along our study area of the eastern Front Range in Colorado. The dominant kinds of microbiota captured in an analysis of seven snow events at two different locations, one urban, one rural, across the winter of 2016/2017 included phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria, though a multitude of different kinds of organisms were found in both. Taxonomically, Bacteroidetes were more abundant in Golden (urban plain) snow while Proteobacteria were more common in Sunshine (rural mountain) samples. Chemically, Golden snowfall was positively correlated with some metals and anions. The work also hints at better informing the "everything is everywhere" hypotheses of the microbial world and that atmospheric transport of microbiota is not only common, but is capable of disseminating vast amounts of microbiota of different physiologies and genetics that then affect ecosystems globally. Snowfall, we conclude, is a significant repository of microbiological material with strong implications for both ecosystem genetic flux and general bio-aerosol theory.
- ArticleLi X, Venugopalan P, Ren H, Hong M, Gu M.Opt Lett. 2014 Oct 15;39(20):5961-4.We report on the experimental demonstration of super-resolved pure-transverse focal fields through focusing an azimuthally polarized first-order vortex (FOV) beam. The optimized confinement of focal fields by creating constructive interference through the superposition of the FOV on an azimuthally polarized beam is observed by both a scanning near-field microscope and a two-photon fluorescence microscope. An enhanced peak intensity of the focal spot by a factor of 1.8 has been observed compared with that of the unmodulated azimuthally polarized beam. The super-resolved and pure-transverse focal fields with a 31% reduced focal area determined by the full-width at half-maximum compared to that of tightly focused circular polarization is experimentally corroborated. This superiority over the circular polarization stands for any numerical aperture greater than 0.4. This technique holds the potential for applications requiring subwavelength resolution and pure-transverse fields such as high-density optical data storage and high-resolution microscopy.
- ArticleBai D, Chen G, Zhang X, Wang W.Langmuir. 2011 May 17;27(10):5961-7.In this paper, we report microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of the kinetic pathway of CO(2) hydrate formation triggered by hydroxylated silica surfaces. Our simulation results show that the nucleation of the CO(2) hydrate is a three-stage process. First, an icelike layer is formed closest to the substrates on the nanosecond scale. Then, on the submicrosecond timescale, a thin layer with intermediate structure is induced to compensate for the structure mismatch between the icelike layer and the final stable CO(2) hydrate. Finally, on the microsecond timescale, the nucleation of the first CO(2) hydrate motif layer is generated from the intermediate structure that acts as nucleation seeds. We also address the effects of the distance between two surfaces.
- ArticlePeng J, Luo T, Li X, Li B, Cheng Y, Huang Q, Su J.Sci Rep. 2024 03 12;14(1):5961.The hemorrhagic progression of a contusion (HPC) after Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the important causes of death in trauma patients. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the predictive effect of imaging features of Computed tomography (CT) on HPC after TBI. A comprehensive systematic search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases to identify all relevant literature. A total of 8 studies involving 2543 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR 3.28; 95% CI 2.57-4.20), subdural hemorrhage (OR 4.35; 95% CI 3.29-5.75), epidural hemorrhage (OR 1.47;95% CI 1.15-1.89), contrast extravasation (OR 11.81; 95% CI 4.86-28.71) had a predictive effect on the occurrence of HPC. Skull fracture (OR 1.64; 95% CI 0.84-3.19) showed no statistical significance, and midline displacement > 5 mm (OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.87-11.62) showed high heterogeneity. The results of this meta-analysis showed that some imaging features were effective predictors of HPC after TBI. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to more accurately assess the effective predictors of HPC after TBI.
- ArticleLi J, Zhang J, Gao Y, Lei S, Wu J, Chen X, Wang K, Duan X, Men K.Int J Nanomedicine. 2023;18:5961-5982.Introduction: Cell-membrane nanocarriers are usually constructed by modifying the nanoparticle surface with cell membrane extracts, which has a direct benefit in endowing targeting capacity to nanocarriers based on their original cell types. However, delivering nucleic acid cargos by cell membrane-based nanoparticles is difficult owing to the strong negative charge of the cell membrane fraction. In this study, we developed a cancer cell membrane-based drug delivery system, the cMDS, for efficient siRNA delivery. Meanwhile, the cancer-specific immune response stimulated by the gene vector itself could offer synergistic anti-cancer ability.
Methods: The cMDS was prepared by ultrasound, and its transfection efficiency and anti-cancer ability were examined using cultures of CT26 cells. MTT and red blood cell hemolysis tests were performed to assess the safety of cMDS, while its targeted gene delivery and strong immune stimulation were investigated in a subcutaneous tumor model. Moreover, the detailed anti-cancer immune stimulation mechanisms of cMDS are uncovered by protein chip analysis.
Results: The cMDS was spherical core-shell structure. It showed high transfection efficiency and anti-cancer ability in vitro. In animal experiments, intravenously administered cMDS/siStat3 complex efficiently suppress the growth of colon cancer. Moreover, the result of protein chip analysis suggested that cMDS affect the migration and chemotaxis of immune cells.
Conclusion: The cMDS shows obvious tumor tissue-specific accumulation properties and strong immune stimulation ability. It is an advanced targeted gene delivery system with potent immunotherapeutic properties. - ArticleYamauchi S, Fujinami T, Matsumoto N, Mochida N, Ishida T, Sunatsuki Y, Watanabe M, Tsuchimoto M, Coletti C, Re N.Inorg Chem. 2014 Jun 16;53(12):5961-71.Two Tb(III) complexes with the same N6O3 donor atoms but different coordination geometries, "fac"-[Tb(III)(HL(DL-ala))3]·7H2O (1) and "mer"-[Tb(III)(HL(DL-phe))3]·7H2O (2), were synthesized, where H2L(DL-ala) and H2L(DL-phe) are N-[(imidazol-4-yl)methylidene]-DL-alanine and -DL-phenylalanine, respectively. Each Tb(III) ion is coordinated by three electronically mononegative NNO tridentate ligands to form a coordination geometry of a tricapped trigonal prism. Compound 1 consists of enantiomers "fac"-[Tb(III)(HL(D-ala))3] and "fac"-[Tb(III)(HL(L-ala))3], while 2 consists of "mer"-[Tb(III)(HL(D-phe))2(HL(L-phe))] and "mer"-[Tb(III)(HL(D-phe))(HL(L-phe))2]. Magnetic data were analyzed by a spin Hamiltonian including the crystal field effect on the Tb(III) ion (4f(8), J = 6, S = 3, L = 3, gJ = 3/2, (7)F6). The Stark splitting of the ground state (7)F6 was evaluated from magnetic analysis, and the energy diagram pattern indicated easy-plane and easy-axis (Ising type) magnetic anisotropies for 1 and 2, respectively. Highly efficient luminescences with Φ = 0.50 and 0.61 for 1 and 2, respectively, were observed, and the luminescence fine structure due to the (5)D4 → (7)F6 transition is in good accordance with the energy diagram determined from magnetic analysis. The energy diagram of 1 shows an approximate single-well potential curve, whereas that of 2 shows a double- or quadruple-well potential within the (7)F6 multiplets. Complex 2 displayed an onset of the out-of-phase signal in alternating current (ac) susceptibility at a direct current bias field of 1000 Oe on cooling down to 1.9 K. A slight frequency dependence was recorded around 2 K. On the other hand, 1 did not show any meaningful out-of-phase ac susceptibility. Pulsed-field magnetizations of 1 and 2 were measured below 1.6 K, and only 2 exhibited magnetic hysteresis. This finding agrees well with the energy diagram pattern from crystal field calculation on 1 and 2. DFT calculation allowed us to estimate the negative charge distribution around the Tb(III) ion, giving a rationale to the different magnetic anisotropies of 1 and 2.
- ArticleJiao YQ, Qin C, Wang XL, Liu FH, Huang P, Wang CG, Shao KZ, Su ZM.Chem Commun (Camb). 2014 Jun 07;50(45):5961-3.A novel δ-Dawson [(WO5)3W14Mn2(III)O44Cl2](12-) compound induced by the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn(III) has been synthesized through utilizing {Mn12} as a reactant, which exhibits photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. Its electrochemical behavior and magnetic properties were investigated.
- ArticleDasgupta S, Hattori D, Navlakha S.Nat Commun. 2022 10 10;13(1):5961.Keeping track of the number of times different stimuli have been experienced is a critical computation for behavior. Here, we propose a theoretical two-layer neural circuit that stores counts of stimulus occurrence frequencies. This circuit implements a data structure, called a count sketch, that is commonly used in computer science to maintain item frequencies in streaming data. Our first model implements a count sketch using Hebbian synapses and outputs stimulus-specific frequencies. Our second model uses anti-Hebbian plasticity and only tracks frequencies within four count categories ("1-2-3-many"), which trades-off the number of categories that need to be distinguished with the potential ethological value of those categories. We show how both models can robustly track stimulus occurrence frequencies, thus expanding the traditional novelty-familiarity memory axis from binary to discrete with more than two possible values. Finally, we show that an implementation of the "1-2-3-many" count sketch exists in the insect mushroom body.
- ArticleYan J, Jiang J, Zhang G.Opt Express. 2016 Mar 21;24(6):5961-83.Under dynamic conditions, star spots move across the image plane of a star tracker and form a smeared star image. This smearing effect increases errors in star position estimation and degrades attitude accuracy. First, an analytical energy distribution model of a smeared star spot is established based on a line segment spread function because the dynamic imaging process of a star tracker is equivalent to the static imaging process of linear light sources. The proposed model, which has a clear physical meaning, explicitly reflects the key parameters of the imaging process, including incident flux, exposure time, velocity of a star spot in an image plane, and Gaussian radius. Furthermore, an analytical expression of the centroiding error of the smeared star spot is derived using the proposed model. An accurate and comprehensive evaluation of centroiding accuracy is obtained based on the expression. Moreover, analytical solutions of the optimal parameters are derived to achieve the best performance in centroid estimation. Finally, we perform numerical simulations and a night sky experiment to validate the correctness of the dynamic imaging model, the centroiding error expression, and the optimal parameters.
- ArticleHenry M, Lavigne R, Debarbieux L.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Dec;57(12):5961-8.The potential of bacteriophage therapy to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has now been well established using various animal models. While numerous newly isolated bacteriophages have been claimed to be potential therapeutic candidates on the basis of in vitro observations, the parameters used to guide their choice among billions of available bacteriophages are still not clearly defined. We made use of a mouse lung infection model and a bioluminescent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to compare the activities in vitro and in vivo of a set of nine different bacteriophages (PAK_P1, PAK_P2, PAK_P3, PAK_P4, PAK_P5, CHA_P1, LBL3, LUZ19, and PhiKZ). For seven bacteriophages, a good correlation was found between in vitro and in vivo activity. While the remaining two bacteriophages were active in vitro, they were not sufficiently active in vivo under similar conditions to rescue infected animals. Based on the bioluminescence recorded at 2 and 8 h postinfection, we also define for the first time a reliable index to predict treatment efficacy. Our results showed that the bacteriophages isolated directly on the targeted host were the most efficient in vivo, supporting a personalized approach favoring an optimal treatment.
- ArticleMendiratta G, Ke E, Aziz M, Liarakos D, Tong M, Stites EC.Nat Commun. 2021 10 13;12(1):5961.Mutations play a fundamental role in the development of cancer, and many create targetable vulnerabilities. There are both public health and basic science benefits from the determination of the proportion of all cancer cases within a population that include a mutant form of a gene. Here, we provide the first such estimates by combining genomic and epidemiological data. We estimate KRAS is mutated in only 11% of all cancers, which is less than PIK3CA (13%) and marginally higher than BRAF (8%). TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene (35%), and KMT2C, KMT2D, and ARID1A are among the ten most commonly mutated driver genes, highlighting the role of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer. Analysis of major cancer subclassifications highlighted varying dependencies upon individual cancer drivers. Overall, we find that cancer genetics is less dominated by high-frequency, high-profile cancer driver genes than studies limited to a subset of cancer types have suggested.
- ArticleAbbas A, Fu Y, Qu Z, Zhao H, Sun Y, Lin Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Jiang D.Environ Microbiol. 2021 10;23(10):5946-5961.Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the major disease of rice that seriously threatens food security worldwide. Efficient and eco-friendly biological approaches are urgently needed since no resistant cultivars are available. In this study, fallow and paddy soils were initially subjected to microbiome analyses, and the results showed that Talaromyces spp. were significantly more abundant in the paddy soil, while Trichoderma spp. were more abundant in the fallow soil, suggesting that Talaromyces spp. could live and survive better in the paddy soil. Five Talaromyces isolates, namely, TF-04, TF-03, TF-02, TF-01 and TA-02, were isolated from the paddy soil using sclerotia of R. solani as baits and were further evaluated for their activity against rice sheath blight. These isolates efficiently parasitized the hyphae and rotted the sclerotia even at higher water contents in the sterilized sand and the soil. Isolate TF-04 significantly promoted rice growth, reduced the severity of rice sheath blight and increased the rice yield under outdoor conditions. Defence-related genes were upregulated and enzyme activities were enhanced in rice treated with isolate TF-04. Our research supplies a microbiome-guided approach to screen biological control agents and provides Talaromyces isolates to biologically control rice sheath blight.
- ArticleBoellaard R, Rausch I, Beyer T, Delso G, Yaqub M, Quick HH, Sattler B.Med Phys. 2015 Oct;42(10):5961-9.PURPOSE: Integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) systems derive the PET attenuation correction (AC) from dedicated MR sequences. While MR-AC performs reasonably well in clinical patient imaging, it may fail for phantom-based quality control (QC). The authors assess the applicability of different protocols for PET QC in multicenter PET/MR imaging.
METHODS: The National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 2 2007 image quality phantom was imaged on three combined PET/MR systems: a Philips Ingenuity TF PET/MR, a Siemens Biograph mMR, and a GE SIGNA PET/MR (prototype) system. The phantom was filled according to the EANM FDG-PET/CT guideline 1.0 and scanned for 5 min over 1 bed. Two MR-AC imaging protocols were tested: standard clinical procedures and a dedicated protocol for phantom tests. Depending on the system, the dedicated phantom protocol employs a two-class (water and air) segmentation of the MR data or a CT-based template. Differences in attenuation- and SUV recovery coefficients (RC) are reported. PET/CT-based simulations were performed to simulate the various artifacts seen in the AC maps (μ-map) and their impact on the accuracy of phantom-based QC.
RESULTS: Clinical MR-AC protocols caused substantial errors and artifacts in the AC maps, resulting in underestimations of the reconstructed PET activity of up to 27%, depending on the PET/MR system. Using dedicated phantom MR-AC protocols, PET bias was reduced to -8%. Mean and max SUV RC met EARL multicenter PET performance specifications for most contrast objects, but only when using the dedicated phantom protocol. Simulations confirmed the bias in experimental data to be caused by incorrect AC maps resulting from the use of clinical MR-AC protocols.
CONCLUSIONS: Phantom-based quality control of PET/MR systems in a multicenter, multivendor setting may be performed with sufficient accuracy, but only when dedicated phantom acquisition and processing protocols are used for attenuation correction. - ArticleChen S, Yang Q, Wang H, Zhang S, Li J, Wang Y, Chu W, Ye Q, Song L.Nano Lett. 2015 Sep 09;15(9):5961-8.Understanding the detailed reaction mechanism in the early stage of noble metal nanoparticles is very critical for controlling the final crystal's size, morphology, and properties. Here, we report a systematic study on the initial reaction mechanism of Pt nanoparticles in methanol-water system and demonstrate an anomalous catalytic effect of H2O on the reduction of H2PtCl6 to Pt nanoparticles using a combination of UV-vis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS), and first-principles calculation methods. The observations reveal the transformation route [PtCl6](2-) → [PtCl5(CH3O)](2-) → [PtCl4](2-) → [PtCl3(CH3O)](2-) → [PtCl2](2-) and finally to form Pt nanoparticles in a pure CH3OH solution. With 10 vol % water adding in the CH3OH solution, a new and distinct chemical reduction pathway is found in which the precursors change from [PtCl6](2-) to [PtCl5(CH3O)(H2O)](2-) to [PtCl4](2-) to [PtCl3(CH3O)(H2O)](2-) to [PtCl2](2-) and to Pt nanoparticles. Notably, the supernumerary water molecular can significantly accelerate the rate of chemical reduction and greatly shorten the reaction time. This work not only elucidates the initial reaction mechanism of Pt nanoparticles but also highlights the pronounced influence of H2O on the reaction pathway, which will provide useful insights for understanding the formation mechanism of noble metal nanoparticles and open up a high efficient way to synthesize new functional nanomaterial.
- ArticleMotyka M, Kusy D, Masek M, Bocek M, Li Y, Bilkova R, Kapitán J, Yagi T, Bocak L.Sci Rep. 2021 03 16;11(1):5961.Biologists have reported on the chemical defences and the phenetic similarity of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and their co-mimics. Nevertheless, our knowledge has remained fragmental, and the evolution of mimetic patterns has not been studied in the phylogenetic context. We illustrate the general appearance of ~ 600 lycid species and ~ 200 co-mimics and their distribution. Further, we assemble the phylogeny using the transcriptomic backbone and ~ 570 species. Using phylogenetic information, we closely scrutinise the relationships among aposematically coloured species, the worldwide diversity, and the distribution of aposematic patterns. The emitted visual signals differ in conspicuousness. The uniform coloured dorsum is ancestral and was followed by the evolution of bicoloured forms. The mottled patterns, i.e. fasciate, striate, punctate, and reticulate, originated later in the course of evolution. The highest number of sympatrically occurring patterns was recovered in New Guinea and the Andean mountain ecosystems (the areas of the highest abundance), and in continental South East Asia (an area of moderate abundance but high in phylogenetic diversity). Consequently, a large number of co-existing aposematic patterns in a single region and/or locality is the rule, in contrast with the theoretical prediction, and predators do not face a simple model-like choice but cope with complex mimetic communities. Lycids display an ancestral aposematic signal even though they sympatrically occur with differently coloured unprofitable relatives. We show that the highly conspicuous patterns evolve within communities predominantly formed by less conspicuous Müllerian mimics and, and often only a single species displays a novel pattern. Our work is a forerunner to the detailed research into the aposematic signalling of net-winged beetles.
- ArticleEntele BR.Heliyon. 2021 Feb;7(2):e05961.Countries endowed with abundant natural resource have not shown similar economic growth. Thus, the study investigates why some resource-abundant countries are not successful while others are. By using the fixed effect panel data model, the study examines the role of institutions and ICT services in overcoming the resource curse problem. The study employed panel data from World Bank database for the period of 25 years (1995-2019). The result shows that natural resource abundance and institutional performance indicators have significant negative effect on economic growth in the case of some group of economies, confirming presence of resource curse and institutional curse. However, these economies have the potential to escape the resource curse provided that they able to build human capital, adopt ICT services and build quality of institutions. Therefore, policies that firmly promote building human capital, quality institutions, adoption and usage of ICT services in resource curse economies could help them to escape the curse.