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  • Book
    Gabriel D. Dakubo.
    Summary: The ability to measure and monitor cancer biomarkers in "body fluid biopsy" should greatly impact oncologic practice. "Biomarkers in Proximal Fluids", the third of the "Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids" series details cancer signatures in none or minimally circulating body fluids including saliva, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, exhaled breath condensate, nipple aspirate fluid, gastric and pancreatic juice, stool, urine, and prostatic, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid. These fluids are enriched with biomarkers, especially those emanating from cells of the proximal tissue. Chapter 1 examines the global burden of cancer and the need for regional efforts at primary prevention, early detection and patient care. Chapters 2-12 address tissue-specific biomarkers in associated body fluids. The tumor interstitial fluid as a microenvironment rich in cancer biomarkers is detailed in chapter 13, while chapter 14 looks at the human body fluid microbiome and its evolving role in cancer. Commercially available assays using proximal fluids are examined at the end of the respective chapters. This book complements its predecessors and is equally useful to oncologists, cancer researchers, clinicians, medical students, nurses, diagnostic laboratory and pharmaceutical industry personnel.

    Contents:
    1. Melanoma Biomarkers in Exfoliated Cells
    2. Head and Neck Cancer Biomarkers in Saliva
    3. Lung Cancer Biomarkers in Lung Fluids
    4. Breast Cancer Biomarkers in Breast Fluids
    5. Gastric Cancer Biomarkers in Gastric Fluid
    6. Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers in Stool
    7. Hepatobiliary Cancer Biomarkers in Bile
    8. Pancreatic Cancer Biomarkers in Pancreatic Juice
    9. Renal Cancer Biomarkers in Urine
    10. Bladder Cancer Biomarkers in Urine
    11. Prostate Cancer Biomarkers in Prostatic Fluid
    12. Testicular Cancer Biomarkers in Seminal Fluid
    13. Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers in Peritoneal Fluid
    14. Endometrial Cancer Biomarkers in Menstrual Fluid
    15. Cervical and Vulvar Cancer Biomarkers in Exfoliated Cells
    16. Brain Cancer Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid
    17. Hematologic Cancer Biomarkers in Blood
    18. The Body Fluid Microbiome and Cancer
    19. Biomarkers in Interstitial Fluids of Cancer Cells.
    Digital Access Springer 2019
  • Article
    Jensen RG, Hagerty MM, McMahon KE.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Jun;31(6):990-1016.
    The amount of human milk ingested by the nursing infant is about 600 ml per day. The average lipid content of the mature ranges from 3.2 to 3.5% and the amount does not appear to be influenced by diet. About 98% of the lipid is triacylglycerol in which most of the secondary ester is palmitic acid, a unique structure possibly responsible for the relatively high absorbability of the fat. Small quantities of other lipids are present. Amounts of cholesterol reported, range from 200 to 564 mg per 100 g of lipid. While 167 fatty acids have been positively and tentatively identified as being present in human milk lipids, the major fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic. The composition can be changed by diet, which linoleic acid contents of from 1.0 to 45.0% having been found. The "average" linoleic acid is about 10% and this amount is apparently adequate for the essential fatty acid requirements of the infant. The quantity of vitamin E also appears to be satisfactory. The hypothesis that a cholesterol challenge to the breast fed infant would enable the adult to more efficiently metabolize the sterol does not seem to be supported by available evidence, primarily, because the cholesterol content of human milks varies so markedly; 26 to 52 mg per 8 ounces. The compositions of most infant formulas currently in use in the United States are presented for comparison and convenience and a few possible problems associated with their consumption are discussed. We have suggested several areas where, in our opinion, additional research would provide useful information.
    Digital Access Access Options