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  • Book
    edited by Satyajit D. Sarker, Lutfun Nahar.
    Contents:
    An introduction to natural products isolation
    Initial and bulk extraction of natural products isolation
    Supercritical fluid extraction in natural products analyses
    Accelerated solvent extraction for natural products isolation
    Microwave-assisted extraction in natural products isolation
    An introduction to planar chromatography and its application to natural products isolation
    Isolation of natural products by low-pressure column chromatography
    Isolation of natural products by ion-exchange methods
    Separation of natural products by countercurrent chromatography
    Isolation of natural products by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC)
    Isolation of natural products by preparative gas chromatography
    Hyphenated techniques and their applications in natural products analysis
    Extraction of plant secondary metabolites
    Isolation of marine natural products
    Isolation of microbial natural products
    Extraction and isolation of saponins
    Extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds
    Scaling-up of natural products isolation
    Follow-up of natural products isolation
    Natural products isolation in modern drug discovery programs.
    Digital Access Springer 2012
  • Article
    Hollyfield JG, Besharse JC, Rayborn ME.
    J Cell Biol. 1977 Nov;75(2 Pt 1):490-506.
    Membrane turnover in outer segments of Rana pipiens red rods (ROS) was studied in tadpoles maintained under cyclic lighting (12L:12D) at 23 degrees, 28 degrees, and 33 degrees C. Large fragments (greater than 2 microns in diameter or length) were shed from the ROS tips shortly after the onset of light. These were phagocytized by the pigment epithelium (PE) which caused an increase in the number of phagosomes greater than 2 microns in size (large phagosomes). Large phagosomes were present in highest numbers 2-4 h after light exposure and were degraded by 8-12 h. The proportion of ROS that shed each day after the onset of the light cycle increased with increment increases in temperatures (23 degrees C-18%, 28 degrees C-33%, 33 degrees C-42% per day), resulting, in a reduction in the average interval of time between repeated sheddings (23 degrees C-5.6 days, 28 degrees C-3 days, 33 degrees C-2.4 days) though the average numbers of disks shed from ROS at the various temperatures were not significantly different (23 degrees C-139.5 +/- 5.7, 28 degrees C-129.4 +/- 7.6, 33 degrees C-129.9 +/- 4.8 disks/shed packet). Phagosomes in the PE that were less than 2 microns in diameter (small phagosomes) were present in relatively constant numbers throughout the day, and their numbers increased at higher temperatures. The absence of a concomitant increase in small phagosomes as large phagosomes were degraded indicates that large phagosomes were not the major source of small phagosomes. When the PE was isolated to culture in the absence of the retina, these small phagosomes were degraded. The rate of disk addition to the ROS base was determined by autoradiography after [3H]leucine injection. The number of disks added per day increased with elevations of temperature (23 degrees C-32.4; 28 degrees C-55.9; 33 degrees C-65.5). The average number of disks added to the ROS between repeated sheddings (23 degrees C-181.4; 28 degrees C-167.7; 33 degrees C-157.2) was greater than the number of disks shed after light exposure. Inasmuch as the ROS show no net increase in length during the tadpole stages utilized, the remaining disks must be lost at some other time. Electron microscope analysis revealed the presence of small groups of disks in curled configurations at the tips of ROS, suggesting possible stages of detachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
    Digital Access Access Options