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  • Book
    Ratan K. Banik, editor.
    Summary: Focused on rotations in regional anesthesia and chronic pain, this book provides a structured review of the concepts covered in the American Board of Anesthesiology in-training exam. The first section of the book covers regional anesthesia with dedicated chapters on basic science, acute postoperative pain, and nerve blocks for neuraxial, lower and upper extremity blocks, and head and neck. The second section on chronic pain includes chapters on basic science and common pain conditions - including craniofacial pain, CRPS, neuropathic pain, and cancer pain. This section closes on multimodal analgesia and other treatment approaches. Each chapter presents a common clinical topic and is organized by indications, preparation, technique, complication, prevention, clinical pearls, and related ABA key points. Highlights must-know information in bold throughout the text. Concise, practical, and easy-to-read, this book will aid anesthesiology residents, certified nurse anesthetists, and medical students in their study regarding patient care practices on regional anesthesia and chronic pain. The book will also be useful to residents going into regional anesthesia and pain medicine subspecialties during the year of their anesthesiology training.

    Contents:
    Basic science:Principles of Ultrasound: Obtaining an Image, Resolution, Depth-Basic science: Local anesthetics and adjuvants for nerve blocks-Acute postoperative pain: Patient-Controlled Analgesia-Acute postoperative pain: Regional vs General anesthesia-Acute postoperative pain: Pediatric Regional Anesthesia-Regional Anesthesia for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery-Nerve injury in regional anesthesia-Bier block-Local anesthetic systemic toxicity
    Post-Dural Puncture Headache
    Spine anatomy; Epidural (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Caudal)
    Epidural adjuvants
    Spinal and combined spinal epidural
    Somatic and autonomic blockade-ASRA Guidelines on Implications of Anticoagulants and Platelet Inhibitors-Sciatic nerve block and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve block-Femoral Nerve Block and Adductor Canal Block-Lumbar Plexus Block And Obturator Nerve Block-Popliteal Sciatic Block-Ankle Block
    Interscalene and superior trunk block-Supraclavicular nerve block-Infraclavicular and Axillary nerve block-Wrist blocks: Ulnar, Radial, Median nerve blocks-Suprascapular nerve block- Intercostal nerve block-Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks-Thoracic paravertebral nerve block- Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block-Erector spinae block
    Pectoralis nerve block -Glossopharyngeal, Superior Laryngeal, Transtracheal block- Retrobulbar block and Peribulbar block-Superficial Cervical Plexus Block for awake carotid endarterectomy- Pain Mechanisms and Pathways
    Opioid Receptors
    Social, Vocational and Psychological Influences on Pain Perception-Gender and Age Differences in Pain Perception-Pathophysiology of acute and chronic pain; somatic vs visceral pain-Myofascial Pain syndrome-Fibromyalgia-Headache and Botulinum Neurotoxins-supraorbital, infraorbital, auriculotemporal nerve block-Trigeminal Neuralgia-Occipital Neuralgia and Nerve Block-Stellate ganglion block-Celiac plexus nerve block and neurolysis-Lumbar Sympathetic block-Genitofemoral nerve block
    Pudendal nerve block-Neuroablation Techniques for Pain Management-Spinal Cord Stimulation and intrathecal drug delivery system-Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
    World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder-NSAIDs and Acetaminophen for Acute and Chronic Pain-Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants for Neuropathic pain-Opioid Analgesics, Tolerance, Dependence and Addiction-Equianalgesic doses of opioids-NMDA blocker: Methadone and Ketamine-Non-pharmacological approaches to chronic pain management.
    Digital Access Springer 2022
  • Article
    Sar M, Stumpf WE, Miller RJ, Chang KJ, Cuatrecasas P.
    J Comp Neurol. 1978 Nov 01;182(1):17-37.
    The distribution of immunoreactive enkephalin in rat brain and spinal cord was studied by immunoperoxidase staining using antiserum to leucine-enkephalin ([Leu5]-enkephalin) or methionine-enkephalin ([Met5]-enkephalin). Immunoreactive staining for both enkephalins was similarly observed in nerve fibers, terminals and cell bodies in many regions of the central nervous system. Staining of perikarya was detected in hypophysectomized rats or colchicine pretreated rats. The regions of localization for enkephalin fibers and terminals include in the forebrain: lateral septum, central nucleus of the amygdala, area CA2 of the hippocampus, certain regions of the cortex, corpus striatum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hypothalamus including median eminence, thalamus and subthalamus; in the midbrain: nucleus interpeduncularis, periaqueductal gray and reticular formation; in the hind brain: nucleus parabrachialis, locus ceruleus, nuclei raphes, nucleus cochlearis, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, motor nuclei of certain cranial nerves, nucleus commissuralis and formatio reticularis; and in the spinal cord the substantia gelatinosa. In contrast enkephalin cell bodies appear sparsely distributed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. The results of the histochemical staining show that certain structures which positively stain for enkephalin closely correspond to the distribution of opiate receptors in the brain and thus support the concept that the endogenous opiate peptides are involved in the perception of pain and analgesia. The localization of enkephalin in the preoptic-hypothalamic region together with the presence of enkephalin perikarya in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei suggest a role of enkephalin in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions.
    Digital Access Access Options