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  • Book
    Narine Sarvazyan, editor.
    Summary: Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a new, interdisciplinary branch of science that combines knowledge from numerous scientific fields including biology, biochemistry, physics, chemistry, applied engineering, and medicine. It aims to restore damaged parts of the human body by rebuilding them in vitro using individual building blocks of biological tissues such as cells and the extracellular matrix that surrounds them. The authors hope to spark students interest in this exciting new field of science as well as give them a basic knowledge of its terminology. This book is based on a hands-on practical course in tissue engineering conducted by the Fulbright US Scholar recipient, Dr. Narine Sarvazyan (George Washington University, Washington USA). It provides an overview of the core topics of the tissue engineering field, including stem cell differentiation, the role of extracellular matrix and attachment proteins, scaffolds, and culturing of engineered tissues. Each chapter is accompanied by hands-on demonstrations and self-check questions. The text is easily readable for students of all backgrounds and the described protocols can be conducted using common lab equipment. This textbook is also useful for developing undergraduate and graduate courses that teach basic methods and approaches in this promising and rapidly developing field.

    Contents:
    Intro
    Introduction
    Suggested Course Outline
    Preface
    References
    Contents
    Contributors
    Abbreviations
    1: Reference Search, Image and Data Analysis
    1.1 Literature Search
    1.2 Reference Management Software
    1.3 Literature Access
    1.4 Video Journals
    1.5 Image Analysis
    1.6 Statistical Analysis
    1.7 Understanding the Key Difference Between SD and SEM
    1.8 Implications of the Above Statistics for Students' Experimental Design
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading
    2: Organ Structure and Vascularization 2.1 Main Organs and Their Function
    2.2 Organ Transplantation
    2.3 Tissue Ultrastructure
    2.4 Vasculature and Its Role
    2.5 Organ Cannulation
    2.6 Sources of Animal Organs
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading
    3: Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules
    3.1 The Content and Role of ECM
    3.2 Cell Adhesion Proteins
    3.3 Main Classes of CAMs
    3.4 Attachment Glycoproteins
    3.5 Macromolecular Protein Fibers
    3.6 Use of Adhesion Molecules in Tissue Engineering and Cell Culturing
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading 4: Isolating Cells from Tissue
    4.1 Cell Theory
    4.2 Basic Cell Structure
    4.3 Main Cell Types
    4.4 Why Cells Need to Be Isolated
    4.5 Centrifugation
    4.6 Counting Cells
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading
    5: Functional Assays and Toxicity Screening
    5.1 Assessment of Cell Viability
    5.2 The Most Commonly Used Assays to Evaluate Overall Cell Viability: DAPI, Ethidium Bromide
    5.3 Controls and Linear Range
    5.4 Functional Assays
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading
    6: Culturing Cells in 2D and 3D
    6.1 Cell Culture 6.2 Cell Culture Media
    6.3 Osmolarity
    6.4 Sterile Environment
    6.5 Temperature
    6.6 Concept of pH
    6.7 Cell Culture Incubator
    6.8 Cell Storage, Defrosting, and Passaging
    6.9 3D Cultures
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading
    7: Imaging, Staining, and Markers
    7.1 Visible Light
    7.2 Fluorescence
    7.3 Basics Light Microscope Types
    7.4 Microscopes Used for Cell Culture
    7.5 Fluorescent Microscopes
    7.6 Confocal Microscopy
    7.7 Electron Microscopes
    7.8 Histology
    7.9 Dye Aliquoting
    7.10 How to Observe Stained Samples 7.11 Choosing the Dyes
    Self-Check Questions
    References and Further Reading
    8: Stem Cells and the Basics of Immunology
    8.1 Concept of Stem Cell Potency
    8.2 Embryonic Versus Adult Stem Cells
    8.3 Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering
    8.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
    8.5 Basic Protocols for Maintenance and Growing Stem Cell Colonies
    8.6 How to Differentiate Stem Cells into Tissue-Specific Phenotypes
    8.7 Basic Immunology of Graft Rejection
    8.8 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
    8.9 Immunohistochemistry/Immunostaining
    8.10 Choice of Antibodies
    Self-Check Questions
    Digital Access Springer 2020