BookAjar Nath Yadav, Sangram Singh, Shashank Mishra, Arti Gupta, editors.
Summary: Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white biotechnology research and further major scientific and technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. The first large-scale industrial applications of modern biotechnology have been in the areas of food and animal feed production (agricultural/green biotechnology) and in pharmaceuticals (medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the productions of bio-active compounds through fermentation or enzymatic conversion are known as industrial or white biotchnology. The fungi are ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low temperature salinity and pH);and associated with plants (Epiphytic, Endophytic and Rhizospheric). The fungal strains are beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural, industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and its product (enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest research developments related to value-added products in white biotechnology through fungi.
Contents:
Intro; Foreword; Foreword; Preface; Contents;
Chapter 1: Secretomics of Wood-Degrading Fungi and Anaerobic Rumen Fungi Associated with Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Plant Biomass; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Degradation and Depolymerization of Plant Biomass; 1.3 Secretomics and Mechanism of Lignocellulose Biodegradation; 1.4 Wood-Degrading Fungi; 1.4.1 Secretomes of White Rot Fungi (WRF); 1.4.2 Secretome of Brown Rot Fungi (BRF); 1.5 Secretome of Anaerobic Rumen Fungi (ARF); 1.6 Conclusion; References;
Chapter 2: Bioremediation: New Prospects for Environmental Cleaning by Fungal Enzymes 2.1 Introduction2.2 Bioremediation; 2.2.1 Types of Bioremediation; 2.2.1.1 Biostimulation; 2.2.1.2 Bioattenuation; 2.2.1.3 Bioaugmentation; 2.2.1.4 Bioventing; 2.2.1.5 Biopiles; 2.2.2 Limitations of Bioremediation; 2.3 Fungi as Bioremediator; 2.3.1 White-Rot Fungi; 2.3.2 Marine Fungi; 2.3.3 Extremophilic Fungi; 2.3.4 Symbiotic Fungi with Plants; 2.4 Fungal Enzymes in Bioremediation; 2.4.1 Enzymological Background; 2.4.1.1 Oxidoreductases; 2.4.1.2 Laccases; 2.4.1.3 Catalase; 2.4.1.4 Peroxidases; 2.4.1.4.1 Lignin Peroxidases; 2.4.1.4.2 Manganese Peroxidases; 2.4.1.4.3 Versatile Peroxidases 2.4.2 Advantages of Enzymatic Bioremediation2.4.3 Disadvantages of Enzymes; 2.4.4 Scope of Enzymatic Bioremediation; 2.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects; References;
Chapter 3: Genetic Diversity of Methylotrophic Yeast and Their Impact on Environments; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Genetic Diversity of Methylotrophic Yeast; 3.3 Genetic Regulation in Yeast Methylotrophy; 3.4 Methylotrophic Yeast and Impact to the Environments; 3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects; References;
Chapter 4: White Rot Fungi and Their Enzymes for the Treatment of Industrial Dye Effluents; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Textile Dyes 4.3 Dyes Used in India4.4 Description of Dyeing Process and Sources of Effluent Generation; 4.4.1 Characterization of the Raw Effluents; 4.5 Enzymes of White Rot Fungi; 4.5.1 Lignin Peroxidase (LiP); 4.5.2 Manganese Peroxidase (MnP); 4.5.3 Laccase; 4.6 Factors Influencing Enzyme Production and Dye Degradation; 4.6.1 Effect of Inducers on Enzyme Production; 4.6.2 Effect of Nitrogen Source; 4.6.3 Effect of Carbon Source; 4.6.4 Influence of pH and Temperature; 4.6.5 Concentration of Dye; 4.7 White Rot Fungi and Decolouration; 4.8 White Rot Fungi and Decolourization of Industrial Dye Effluents 4.9 Conclusion and Future ProspectsReferences;
Chapter 5: Pleurotus ostreatus: A Biofactory for Lignin-Degrading Enzymes of Diverse Industrial Applications; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Understanding Lignin Structure; 5.2.1 Lignocellulose Processing and Industrial Applications; 5.2.2 Lignin Degradation; 5.3 Laccase (EC 1.1.2.2); 5.3.1 Laccases Structure and Mechanism of Reaction; 5.3.2 Laccase Production and Bioprocessing; 5.3.2.1 Media Composition and Cultivation Conditions; 5.3.2.2 Cultivation Process and Purification; 5.3.3 Applications of Laccase