pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. Paraspinal structures -- pt. 3. Normal spinal column and cord -- pt. 4. Normal spinal aging and degeneration -- pt. 5. Normal vascularization and ischemia -- pt. 6. Spinal trauma -- pt. 7. Spinal vascular malformations -- pt. 8. Spinal cysts and tumors -- pt. 9. Metabolic conditions -- pt. 10. Spinal infection -- pt. 11. Spinal inflammation -- pt. 12. Operative considerations -- pt. 13. The brachial and sacral plexuses.