BookAwanish Kumar.
Summary: Leishmania-related illnesses remain among the world s deadliest neglected tropical diseases, affecting approximately 12 million people in 88 countries. The mortality rate is substantial, contributing to nearly two million disability-adjusted life years. As more is understood about this parasite and its effects, work toward prevention, control, and treatment continues apace. Leishmania and Leishmaniasis will address the parasite and its attendant disease, which manifests in three syndromes: Visceral (VL), Cutaneous (CL) and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML). The morphology and life cycles of the various species will be among the topics addressed in Part One. Part Two will focus on immunology, including host-immune response to Leishmania infection, cross-immunity between the different species and adoptive transfer of immunity. Parts Three and Four will address how Leishmania invade and survive, the clinical features of the disease, and its diagnosis. Drugs, vaccines and treatment will be thoroughly explored, including experimental models of therapeutics. Leishmania and Leishmaniasis will provide a thorough examination of a parasite, the illnesses it causes and the misery it continues to visit upon large segments of the population.
Contents:
1. Introduction
Historical Background of Leishmania and Leishmaniasis
Risk Factors and Definition of the Problem
Types of Leishmaniasis
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (DCL)
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL)
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar (KA)
Geographical Distribution of Leishmaniasis
Global Status of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)
Morphology and Life Cycle of Leishmania donovani
Vectors and Transmission of the Disease
Clinical Symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Control Strategies of the Disease
Leishmania/HIV Co-infections
2. Immunology of Leishmania
Role of B Cells and Immunoglobulin
Role of T Lymphocytes
Role of Cytokines
Immunosuppression
Immunoprophylaxis
Host Immune Response to Leishmania Infection
Human
Mouse
Hamster
Cross-immunity Between Different Leishmania Species
Adoptive Transfer of Immunity
.3. Invade and Survival Strategy of Leishmania
Host-Parasite Interaction
Antigen Presentation and Immune Components Involved
Survival and Evasion Strategies of Leishmania in Macrophages
4. Drugs and Diagnosis for Leishmaniasis
Drugs Against Leishmaniasis
Pentavalent Antimonials [Sb(V)]
Amphotericin B
Pentamidine
Miltefosine (Hexadecylphosphocholine)
Paromomycin (Aminosidine)
Sitamaquine (WR 6026)
Pamidronate
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)
Distribution
Clinical Features
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Recurring Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Localised Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Treatment
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL)
Distribution
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL)
Diagnosis
Treatment
Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)
5. Antimonials and Resistance
Antimonials and Leishmaniasis
Leishmanicidal Activity of SAG
Interaction of SAG and Host Cell
SAG Triggers RNI/ROI Generation
SAG Activates Interleukin (IL)
Interaction of Sb(V)/Sb(III) with Leishmania
Mechanism of Action of SAG
Antimonials Treatment, Failure and Resistance in Leishmania
6. Vaccines Against Leishmaniasis
Vaccination Strategy and Vaccines Against Leishmanisis
Live Vaccination
Live-Attenuated Vaccines
Killed Vaccines
Fractionated/Subunit Vaccines
Naked DNA Vaccines
Recombinant and Synthetic Vaccines
Non-protein Antigens as vaccine
Anti-sandfly Saliva Components as Vaccine
Adjuvants
Delivery of Adjuvants
Use of Cytokines as Adjuvant
7. Experimental Models for Leishmaniasis
Mouse
Hamster
Dog.