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- Bookedited by Neil Kaplowitz and Laurie Deleve.Contents:
I. Mechanisms of liver injury. Drug-induced liver injury / Neil Kaplowitz
Cytochrome P450 activation of toxins and hepatotoxicity / F. Peter Guengerich
Mechanistic role of acyl glucuronides / Howard Horng, Hilde Spahn-Langguth, and Leslie Z. Benet
Oxidant stress, antioxidant defense, and liver injury / Mitchell R. McGill and Hartmut Jaeschke
Hepatotoxicity due to mitochondrial injury / John J. Lemasters
Mechanisms of cell death and relevance to drug toxicity / Lily Dara, Derick Han, and Neil Kaplowitz
Role of membrane transport in hepatotoxicity and pathogenesis of drug-induced cholestasis / Bruno Stieger and Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver injury / Laurie D. Deleve
Macrophages and kupffer cells in drug-induced liver injury / Mark Barnes ... [et al.]
Role of inflammation in drug-induced liver injury / Robert A. Roth and Patricia E. Ganey
Role of the adaptive immmune system in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury / Jack Uetrecht
Role of tissue repair and death proteins in liver injury / Harihara M. Mehendale
Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury / Ann K. Daly and Christopher P. Day
II. Diagnosis and management. Clinical manifestations and management of drug-induced liver diseases / Willis C. Maddrey
Histopathological evaluationof drug-induced liver disease / David E. Kleiner
Risk factors for drug-induced liver disease / Raj Vuppalanchi and Maga Chalasani
Biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury / Paul B. Watkins
Causality assessment / M. Isabel Lucena ... [et al.]
III. Hepatotoxicity of specifid drugs. Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver disease / Jack A. Hinson
Acetaminophen / Laura P. James
Mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs / Urs A. Boelsterli
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and leukotriene receptor antagonists / James H. Kewis and Jonathan G. Stine
Mechanism, pathology, and clinical presentation of hepatotoxicity of anesthetic agents / J. Gerald Kenna
Anticonvulsant agents / Munir Pirmohamed and J. Steven Leeder
Hepatotoxicity of psychotropic drugs and drugs of abuse / Dominique Larrey and Marie-Pierre Ripault
Hepatotoxicity of antimicrobials and antifungal agents / Richard H. Moseley
Hepatotoxicity of antitubercular drugs / Sumita Verma and Neil Kaplowitz
Hepatotoxicity of antiviral agents / Marina Núñez
Hepatotoxicity of cardiovascular and antidiabetic drugs / Dina Halegoua-De Marzio and Victor J. Navarro
Cancer chemotherpay / Laurie D. Deleve
Hepatotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs / Adrian Reuben
Hepatotoxicity related to methotrexate / Guruprasad P. Aithal
Adverse effects of hormones and hormone antagonists on the liver / Shivakumar Chitturi and Geoffrey C. Farrell
Mushroom poisoning / François Durand and Dominique Valla
Hepatotoxicity of herbals and dietary supplements / Leonard Seeff, Felix Stickel, and Victor J. Navarro
Occupational and environmental hepatotoxicity / Keith G. Tolman and Anthony S. Dalpiaz
Chronic liver disease from drugs / Einar S. Björnsson
IV. Future directions. Regulatory perspectives / Mark I. Avigan
Drug-induced liver injury research networks / Robert J. Fontana
LiverTox / Jay H. Hoofnagle.Digital Access ScienceDirect 2013 - ArticleLanghof HJ.Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 1977 Dec 31;204(4):265-74.The electrical response of the light adapted human eye to onset (a-wave) and offset (d1-wave of the positive off-effect) of monochromatic test stimuli between 448 and 654 nm (Ganzfeld stimulation, duration of test flash 0.3 s) was recorded by means of the electroretinogram in 10 normal observers during steady illumination of various wavelengths of 2.2 log Troland. During exposure to white light the spectral sensitivity of the a-wave and off-effect as determined by a criterion amplitude of 25 micronV were similar, the sensitivity of the off-effect being 0.4 log units lower as compared to the a-wave. Blue adaptation (467 nm) decreased the sensitivity of the a-wave and increased the sensitivity of the off-effect within the short wavelengths region of the spectrum. Red adaptation (630 nm) decreased the sensitivity of the a-wave and increased the sensitivity of the off-effect within longer wavelengths. Green adaptation (530 nm) produced only a small decrease of sensitivity of the a-wave for green test light, the sensitivity of the off-effect remained constant. The opposite changes of the a-wave and off-effect during chromatic adaptation demonstrate different participation of these components in the generation of color mechanisms in the human retina.