Bookby Daniel C. O'Connell, Sabine Kowal ; foreword by Donelson E. Dulany.
Summary: In contrast to traditional approaches of mainstream psycholinguists, the authors of 'Communicating with One Another' approach spontaneous spoken discourse as a dynamic process, rich with structures, patterns, and rules other than conventional grammar and syntax.
Contents:
Part 1 A Critique of Mainstream Psycholinguistics
1 The Problematic 3
Chapter Prospectus 3
What's It All About? 3
Historical Beginnings of Mainstream Psycholinguistics 4
The More Remote Background of Modern Psycholinguistics 5
The Cognitive Revolution 5
Some Current Criticisms of Mainstream Psycholinguistics 6
The Centrality of Grammar in Mainstream Psycholinguistics 7
Ideal Delivery: A Corollary of Syntactic Well-formedness 8
The Users of Language 10
The Autonomy of Language 12
2 Empirical Methods 13
Chapter Prospectus 13
Homo Loquens et Audiens 13
Transmittal of Data by Transcribers 15
The Experimental Method 16
Fellow Travelers of Psycholinguistics 16
An Example of Experimental Psycholinguistics 17
The Demand for Continuity in Speaking 18
Methodology in Psycholinguistic Textbooks: The Relationship of Data and Theory 19
Monologism 20
A Monologistic Approach to Dialogue 21
Turn-Taking 22
Methodological Individualism 22
The Need for Normalization of Data 23
Access to Corpora of Spontaneous Spoken Discourse 23
Use of Transcripts Prepared by Others 24
Back to Issues of Control 25
3 Fluency and Hesitation 27
Chapter Prospectus 27
Chicken or Egg? 27
Ideal Delivery vs. Discontinuity 30
The Use of Time for the Sake of the Speaker 31
The Use of Time for the Sake of the Listener 32
Fluency 33
4 The Written 35
Chapter Prospectus 35
Verba Volant, Scripta Manent 35
Generation and the Written 36
The Written as the Cadaver of Speech 38
Transcription 39
Transcription as Theory 43
Part 2 Foundations for Research on Spontaneous Spoken Discourse
5 Rhetoric 47
Chapter Prospectus 47
What Rhetoric Is All About 47
Some Typographical Helps to Rhetoric 50
Some Prosodic Principles 50
Some Other Relevant Measures of Rhetorical Performance 51
Literacy and Orality 53
Orality as a Rationale for Our Research 55
A Rhetorical Perspective for Everyday Talk 56
6 Intentionality 57
Chapter Prospectus 57
Starting, Stopping, and Continuing 57
A Historical Note on Intentionality 60
7 From Monologism to Dialogicality 63
Chapter Prospectus 63
Where Are We? 63
Mainstream Psycholinguistics and Monologism 66
Is All Human Speech in Principle Dialogical? 68
8 Listening 69
Chapter Prospectus 69
Listening vs. Hearing 69
The Listener's Disappearing Act 71
Agonistic Listeners? 73
The Transcendence of Listening 73
The Ideal Listener 74
Types of Listeners 74
Active Silence 75
Part 3 Empirical Research on Spontaneous Spoken Discourse
9 Punctuation 79
Chapter Prospectus 79
Benign Neglect 79
Syntax, Rhetoric, or Both? 80
What Can Punctuation Tell Us About Reading Aloud? 81
The Written Without Punctuation 84
Other Concepts of Punctuation 85
The Problem of Reading Quotation Marks Aloud 85
10 Transcription 89
Chapter Prospectus 89
The Transcriber as Language User 89
Some Transcriber Difficulties and Biases 90
Slips of the Ear 92
Some Limitations of Transcripts 93
Reproduction of Transcripts for Research Purposes 94
The Diagnosis 96
11 Pauses 99
Chapter Prospectus 99
On Again, Off Again 100
The History of Pause Research: Pausology 101
Off-time as a Research Problem 103
A Benevolent Take-over by Conversation-analytic Researchers 104
The Proper Temporal Dimensionality of Pauses: Measurement 105
Our Own Research on Pauses 106
Silence 109
12 Prosody 113
Chapter Prospectus 113
Prosody and Meaning 115
The Transcription of Prosody 116
Research 117
Our Research on Articulation Rate 119
Futuristics 119
13 Fillers 121
Chapter Prospectus 121
The Remarkably Versatile Schwa 121
The Lexicographer's Written World of Fillers 122
Fillers in Written Materials 125
Some Filler History: The Carrier of Disfluency 126
What Are Fillers Really Good For? 127
Our Own Research on Fillers 129
The Failure to Legitimize Fillers as Words 130
14 Interjections 133
Chapter Prospectus 133
Some History 133
Interjections in Modern Language Sciences 135
Recent Empirical Research 136
15 Referring 143
Chapter Prospectus 143
Referring 143
Deixis 144
Laughter as a Nonverbal Self-reference 146
Some Recent Research on Referring 146
16 Turn-taking 149
Chapter Prospectus 149
Categories of Turn-taking 149
Is There a Normal or an Ideal Form of Sequencing? 151
Some History 153
Schegloff (2007) 156
Turn-taking, Gender, and Power 158
Recent Research 159
Our Research 160
A Perspective on Turn-taking 160
17 Laughter 163
Chapter Prospectus 163
Science Times 163
Some History 164
Methodology 166
Psychological Approaches 167
Further Questions about Psychological Research 168
Conversation-analytic Research 170
Chafe (2007) 171
18 Applause and Other Audience Reactions 175
Chapter Prospectus 175
Applause and Laughter: A Comparison 176
Some History of Applause 177
Empirical Research on Applause to Political Oratory 178
Empirical Research on Laughter as an Audience Reaction 182
Empirical Research on Booing as an Audience Reaction 182
Audience-to-audience Responses 183
The Listener's Golden Opportunities 185
Some Comparisons between Individual Listeners and Audiences 186
Part 4 Toward a Theory of Spontaneous Spoken Discourse
19 Intersubjectivity 189
Chapter Prospectus 189
The Principle of Intersubjectivity as a Problem in Literary Stylistics 189
A Psychological Concept of Intersubjectivity 190
20 Perspectivity 193
Chapter Prospectus 193
The Basic Concept of Perspectivity 193
Mine and Thine 195
Dialogicality 196
Perspectivity and Intersubjectivity 198
21 Open-endedness 201
Chapter Prospectus 201
The Concept of Open-endedness 201
Spontaneity 202
A Methodological Problem 203
The Psychology of Open-endedness 205
22 Verbal Integrity 207
Chapter Prospectus 207
The Concept of Verbal Integrity 208
The Authors' Preoccupation with Verbal Integrity 209
Verbal Integrity as an Essential Component of Spontaneous Spoken Discourse 209
Ethics 212
23 Spontaneous Spoken Discourse 213
Chapter Prospectus 213
Syntax 213
Beyond Sentential Syntax 215
Back to Psychology 217
A Theory 218
Throwaways 219
Splendid Isolation? 223
24 Communicating in Print about Communicating Orally 225.