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  • Book
    edited by Mohit Bhandari, Bernd Robioneck ; associate editor, Emil Schemitsch ; managing editor, Sheila Sprague ; with contributions by Volker Alt ... [et al.].
    Contents:
    1. Factorial Randomized Trials
    Summary
    Introduction
    Randomized clinical trial design strategies with multiple interventions
    Selecting a factorial randomized design
    Conclusion
    2. Expertise-based randomized trials
    Summary
    Introduction
    Conventional RCT design
    Expertise-based RCT design
    Challenges of expertise-based RCTs
    Independent assessor
    Balanced and consecutive or random contributions to screening pool
    Perceived equivalence between practices
    Conclusion
    3. Randomization systems and technology
    Summary
    Introduction
    Methods of patient allocation
    Other considerations
    Conclusion
    4. Blinding and concealment
    Summary
    Introduction
    Concealment
    Blinding
    Conclusion
    5. Composite outcome in orthopaedics: understanding the concepts
    Summary
    Introduction
    Rationale for use of a composite outcome
    Limitations of using composite outcomes
    Guidelines for creating a "good" composite outcome
    Reporting and interpreting composite outcomes
    Conclusion
    6. Adjudication of outcomes-systems and approaches
    Summary
    Introduction
    Importance of adjudication
    Process of adjudication
    Existing methods of adjudication
    Web-based adjudication
    Conclusion
    7. Subgroup analyses
    Summary
    Introduction
    Subgroup analysis defined
    Design of a subgroup analysis
    Reporting
    Interpretation
    Conclusion
    8. Trial management-advance concepts and systems
    Summary
    Introduction
    Phases of clinical trials
    Common considerations in conducting a clinical trial
    Trial committees
    The search for funding
    Conclusion 9. Case-control studies
    Summary
    Introduction
    Definition of a case-control study
    Conclusion
    10. Cohort studies
    Summary
    Introduction
    Cohort studies in the hierarchy of evidence
    Types of cohort study designs
    Methods for reducing confounding and assessing causality
    A checklist to evaluate or improve the strength of evidence
    Conclusion --; 11. Survey Design
    Summary
    Introduction
    Identifying a research question
    Survey development
    Survey design
    Using exiting surveys
    survey validataion
    Pilot testing
    Survey administration
    Ethical considerations
    Financial considerations
    Conclusion
    12. Qualitative studies
    Summary
    Introduction
    What is qualitative research?
    How is qualitative research done?
    Conclusion
    13. Economic analysis
    Summary
    Introduction
    Theoretical background
    Conducting health economics studies
    Conclusion
    14. Literature searches
    Summary
    Introduction
    When to conduct a literature search
    How to conduct a literature search
    Study selection
    Assessing methodological quality of studies
    Data extraction and analysis
    Conclusion
    15. Summary
    Introduction
    the P value does not assess the magnitude of a treatment effect
    The challenge of comparing results across studies
    Types of effect sizes
    Confidence intervals for effect sizes
    Use of effect size in meta-analysis
    Conclusion
    16. Fixed effects versus random effects
    Summary
    Introduction
    the data pool: fixed effects versus random effects
    Deciding which model to use
    Conclusion
    17. Heterogeneity
    Summary
    Introduction
    Heterogeneity defined
    Identifying heterogeneity
    Dealing with heterogeneity
    Conclusion
    18. Uncovering publicatiion bias
    Summary
    Introduction
    Authors and publication bias
    Detecting and adjusting for publication bias
    Minimizing the effect of publication bias
    A possible solution: trial registers
    Conclusion
    19. Statiecal pooling - programs and systems
    Summary
    Introduction
    Selectin the appropriate programs and systems: factors to consider --Review of programs and systems
    Types of programs and systems
    Recommendations
    Conclusion
    20. Meta-analysis of observational studies
    Summary
    Introduction
    The observational data dilemma
    Conclusion
    21. Meta-regression
    Summary
    Introduction
    Heterogeneity and meta-regression
    Meta-regression mechanics
    Interpreting a meta-regression
    Limitations of meta-regression
    Conclusion
    22. Preparing a statistical analysis plan
    Summary
    Introduction
    Data management
    Statistical procedures
    Data safety and monitoring board
    Sample size
    Interim analysis
    Reports to investigators
    Sensitivity analysis
    Tables of presentation and publication
    Software
    Reporting guidelines
    General policies
    Privacy considerations
    Apendices
    What is in the literature about SAP?
    Conclusion --; 24. Survival analysis
    Summary
    Introduction
    Documenting time-to-event (survival) data
    the rationale for time-to-event (survival) analysis
    Methods for survival analysis
    Comparing groups
    Practical considerations in the desin of time-to-event studies
    Conclusion
    25. Interim analyses in randomized trials
    Summary
    Introduction
    Interim analysis defined
    Design of an interim analysis
    Data monitoring committees
    Consequences of stopping early for benefit
    Conclusion
    26. Conflicts of interest reporting
    Summary
    Introduction
    Legal implications
    Types of conflict of interest
    Who should disclose conflicts of interest?
    When must conflicts of interest be disclosed?
    Guidelines and recommendations for disclosure
    Why must personal financial interests be disclosed?
    Alternatives to disclosure policies
    Conclusion
    27. Authorship-modern approaches and reporting
    Summary
    Introduction
    Academic stream
    Educational stream
    Industrial stream
    Popular media stream
    Conclusion
    28. Randomized trials reporting checklists
    Summary
    Introduction
    Consort statement
    Nonpharmacological trials
    NPT extension to consort statement
    CLEAR NPT
    Conclusion
    29. Observational studies reporting checklists
    Summary
    Introduction
    Checklist for observational studies: the STROBE statement
    Guide to investigators: how to used the STROBE statement
    The STROBE statement: explanations of checklist items
    Conclusion
    30. Meta-analysis reporting checklists
    Summary
    Introduction
    Meta-analysis reporting checklists
    Conclusion
    Resources and contacts for surgical research
    Summary
    Introduction
    Mentorship
    Graduate programes
    Online courses
    Textbooks and journals
    Courses and workshops
    Contract research organizations
    Conclusion
    Glossary of terms.
    Digital Access
    Provider
    Version
    Thieme MedOne Plastic Surgery
    Thieme MedOne Education
  • Article
    Grossman LI, Parker RC, Watson RM, Chandler SE, Teplitz M.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1977;4(5):1267-71.
    A putative HeLa cell culture line was discovered to be contaminated with mouse cells by examination of agarose gel profiles of restriction endonuclease digests of mitochondrial DNA. The contamination was confirmed by karyotypic analysis, and by observation of the mouse satellite band in an analytical buoyant density centrifugation of total cellular DNA. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA is suggested as a useful method for monitoring the species of cells in culture.
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