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  • Book
    Vinay Kumar, Shabir Hussain Wani, Penna Suprasanna, Lam-Son Phan Tran, editors.
    Summary: Soil salinity is a key abiotic-stress and poses serious threats to crop yields and quality of produce. Owing to the underlying complexity, conventional breeding programs have met with limited success. Even genetic engineering approaches, via transferring/overexpressing a single 'direct action gene' per event did not yield optimal results. Nevertheless, the biotechnological advents in last decade coupled with the availability of genomic sequences of major crops and model plants have opened new vistas for understanding salinity-responses and improving salinity tolerance in important glycophytic crops. Our goal is to summarize these findings for those who wish to understand and target the molecular mechanisms for producing salt-tolerant and high-yielding crops. Through this 2-volume book series, we critically assess the potential venues for imparting salt stress tolerance to major crops in the post-genomic era. Accordingly, perspectives on improving crop salinity tolerance by targeting the sensory, ion-transport and signaling mechanisms are presented here in volume 1. Volume 2 will focus on the potency of post-genomic era tools that include RNAi, genomic intervention, genome editing and systems biology approaches for producing salt tolerant crops.

    Contents:
    Intro; Preface; Contents;
    Chapter 1: Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptive Mechanisms in Major Glycophytic Crops: The Story So Far; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Glycophytes; 1.3 Salinity Stress Responses in Major Glycophytic Crops; 1.3.1 Arabidopsis; 1.3.2 Wheat; 1.3.3 Rice; 1.3.4 Soybean; 1.4 Salinity Stress and Adaptive Mechanisms of Glycophytic Crops; 1.4.1 Seed Germination; 1.4.2 Morphological Adaptations; 1.4.2.1 Roots and Aerial Part Morphology; 1.4.2.2 Leaf Anatomy and Ultrastructure Changes in Leaves Under Salinity; 1.4.3 Physiological Adaptations of Plants to Salinity. 1.4.3.1 Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence1.4.3.2 Nitrogen Fixation; 1.4.4 Biochemical Adaptations; 1.4.4.1 Antioxidative Metabolism; 1.4.4.2 Proline and/or Glycine Betaine; 1.4.5 Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance; 1.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References;
    Chapter 2: Deploying Mechanisms Adapted by Halophytes to Improve Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants: Focus on Anatomical Features, Stomatal Attributes, and Water Use Efficiency; 2.1 Halophytes and Their Significance; 2.2 Classification of Halophytic Species; 2.2.1 Classification Based on Plant Morphology. 2.2.2 Classification Based on Salt Demand2.2.3 Classification Based on Physiological Types; 2.2.4 Classification Based on Ecological Types; 2.3 Anatomical Changes Observed in Glycophytes and Halophytes; 2.3.1 Successive Cambia in Glycophytes and Halophytes; 2.3.2 Other Anatomical Anomalies; 2.3.3 Lignified Cells; 2.3.4 Bulliform or Motor Cells; 2.3.5 Salt Hairs, Salt Bladders, and Salt Glands; 2.3.6 Salt Secretion by Salt Bladders and Salt Glands; 2.3.7 Trichomes and Trichome Patterning; 2.4 Stomatal Attributes; 2.5 Stomatal Patchiness; 2.6 Stomatal Density and Stomatal Aperture. 2.6.1 Stomatal Aperture and Ion Accumulation in Glycophytes and Halophytes2.7 Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in Glycophytes and Halophytes Under Salt Stress; 2.8 Influx of Na+ Ions into the Xylem of Glycophytes and Halophytes and Salt Stress Tolerance; 2.9 Outlook; References;
    Chapter 3: Targeting Aquaporins for Conferring Salinity Tolerance in Crops; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Role of PIPs in Salinity Stress; 3.3 Role of TIPs in Salinity Stress; 3.4 Role of NIPs in Salinity Stress; 3.5 Other Aquaporin Members and Their Role in Salt Stress Tolerance; 3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References.
    Chapter 4: Strategies to Mitigate the Salt Stress Effects on Photosynthetic Apparatus and Productivity of Crop Plants4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Origin of Soil Salinization; 4.2.1 Marine Origin; 4.2.2 Lithogenic Sources; 4.2.3 Anthropogenic Sources; 4.3 Effects of High Salinity on Plants; 4.3.1 Effect of Salinity on Germination and Emergence; 4.3.1.1 Plant Responses on the Different Levels of the Salt Stress; 4.3.2 Effects on the Anatomy of the Leaf; 4.3.3 Plant Mineral Nutrition; 4.3.4 Effect of Salinity on Agronomic Yield; 4.3.4.1 Photosynthetic Responses and Acclimations on Salt Stress.
    Digital Access Springer 2018