https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.006.L.jpg The uterus and vagina have now been deflected anteriorly. The uterosacral and cardinal ligaments, which are shown in 162-2, have been dissected so that the pelvic plexus and the vaginal and uterine blood vessels are exposed. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Pelvic plexus and ganglion; vaginal artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.007.L.jpg The specimen has been placed in a supine position. The view into the pelvic cavity is directed from below and to the right. The uterus and vagina have been retracted toward the pubic symphysis. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Nerves and vessels related to pelvic surface of sacrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.004.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding photograph has been turned so that it is now viewed from in front and slightly to the right. The ovary, ovarian vessels and uterine tube have been pulled anteriorly. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of left side of pelvic cavity. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.005.L.jpg Removal of the left ovary and uterine tube has exposed the structures that lie immediately lateral to the ovarian fossa. Lymphatic vessels (21) can be seen passing to the external iliac nodes from the uterus and vagina. The obliterated part of the umbilical artery (16) lies lateral to these vessels against the pelvic wall. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of left side of pelvic cavity. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.005.L.jpg The pelvic blood vessels have been resected to reveal the component parts of the sacral plexus. The origin of the pelvic diaphragm in this specimen extends nearly to the pelvic brim with the result that there is no tendinous arch such as the one shown in 174-7. The larger divisions of the levator ani muscle that are usually described as distinct muscles (m. puborectalis, m. pubococcygeus and m. iliococcygeus) are not clearly separable here. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of left side of pelvic cavity; sacral plexus; pelvic diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.006.L.jpg The small intestine has been detached from its mesentery and removed from the specimen. The descending colon has been divided at its confluence with the sigmoid colon and has also been detached along the lines of its peritoneal reflections onto the abdominal wall to permit its removal. A small fibroma has been taken away from the uterus leaving an oval depression on the surface of the fundus. Pelvic peritoneal cavity of female. Lower abdominal and pelvic peritoneum, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.003.L.jpg The bladder has been transected close to the internal urethral opening and has been removed, together with the ureter, from the dissection. The anterior surfaces of the uterus and vagina are exposed to view. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Blood vessels and nerves of uterus, vagina and neck of bladder, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.004.L.jpg The pelvic organs have been cut across at the pelvic outlet and have been removed to expose the pelvic diaphragm and the major blood vessels and nerves of the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of left side of pelvic cavity; parietal blood vessels; sacral plexus; pelvic diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.001.L.jpg In this dissection the relations of blood vessels and nerves are shown as these approach the pelvic urogenital organs from the pelvic wall on the left side. The ureter (14) lies in situ. The left lateral umbilical ligament (20), representing the obliterated umbilical artery, has been dissected free of connective tissue. It is noteworthy that in this body there is no vesical artery branching from the proximal part of the umbilical artery. Instead, the left half of the bladder is supplied by two branches from the uterine artery and a small branch from the obturator artery. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Blood vessels and nerves of uterus, vagina and bladder, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.002.L.jpg The uterus and vagina have been retracted posteriorly and the bladder has been drawn forward to expose the vessels and nerves as they approach the left borders of these organs. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Blood vessels and nerves of uterus, vagina and bladder, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.003.L.jpg The specimen shown previously has been turned to expose its posterior aspect. The right ovary has been elevated. Uterus and adnexae. Uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries, posterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.004.L.jpg The uterine cavity has been opened by means of a T-shaped incision through the anterior wall of the uterus. The right ovary has been sectioned transversely. The sectioned surface of the ovary exhibits a vesicular follicle, a fresh corpus luteum, a regressing corpus luteum and a corpus albicans. The specimen is viewed from in front. Uterus and adnexae. Cavity of uterus; ovary sectioned transversely https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.001.L.jpg The left wall of the pelvic cavity is viewed here with the specimen turned slightly to demonstrate the position of the ovary in the ovarian fossa and to show its relations to neighboring structures. The same specimen is also shown in view 161-4 and in subsequent views of that series. Pelvic peritoneal cavity of female. Left ovarian fossa, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.002.L.jpg The specimen, from an 18-year old girl, is viewed from in front. The ovaries have been elevated. The peritonealized parts of the specimen can be distinguished from the non-peritonealized lower portions by tracing the cut margin of peritoneum indicated in the drawing at 11. Uterus and adnexae. Uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries, anterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=163-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0163.007.L.jpg The bladder has been deflated to reveal the depth of the vesicouterine pouch and to demonstrate the transverse peritoneal fold of the bladder. The view is directed horizontally from in front. Pelvic peritoneal cavity of female. Pelvic peritoneal relations with bladder deflated, close-up anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.002.L.jpg The skin has been removed from the abdominal wall, the external genitalia and the perineum. The tela subcutanea has been dissected to expose the deeply placed membranous layer of superficial fascia which over the lower part of the abdominal wall is known as Scarpa's fascia (1) and over the penis, scrotum and perineum has been called Colles' fascia (19). In the scrotum this layer is blended into the tunica dartos. Male external genitalia and perineum. Tela subcutanea; deep membranous layer of superficial fascia, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.007.L.jpg The umbilical arteries have been injected with red latex and the umbilical vein has been filled with blue latex. Embryo, placenta and fetal membranes. Placenta at four and one-half months of gestation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.001.L.jpg The subject is a young adult. Male external genitalia and perineum. Penis and scrotum, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.005.L.jpg The chorion of this fresh surgical specimen has been opened to expose the amniotic sac (1) and yolk sac (3), both of which have been displaced to reveal the fetal surface of the placenta (9). The yolk sac remains attached to the umbilical cord by a slender stalk containing blood vessels which are visible in the photograph. Embryo, placenta and fetal membranes. Two-month-old embryo within amniotic sac https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=164-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0164.006.L.jpg The uterus of this surgical specimen has been opened by means of a longitudinal incision. The chorion has been cut and reflected from the amnion. Embryo, placenta and fetal membranes. Three-month-old fetus in situ within fetal membranes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.005.L.jpg The thalamus and tegmentum of the mesencephalon have been further dissected. The course of the mammillothalamic tract into the anterior nucleus of the thalamus is exposed. The red nucleus has been partially removed and its relation to ascending fibers of the brachium conjunctivum demonstrated. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery enter the posterior perforated substance in the interpeduncular fossa and course upward through the medial thalamic region. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Stria medullaris thalami; mammillothalamic tract entering anterior nucleus of thalamus; thalamic branches of posterior cerebral artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.006.L.jpg The corpus callosum has been cut back to expose the head and body of the caudate nucleus. The ependymal lining of the ventricle which covered this nucleus has been removed. Tissue in the region of the anterior commissure has been cut away to demonstrate the continuity of the stria terminalis with the basal olfactory region of the brain near the anterior perforated substance. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Caudate nucleus and stria terminalis; thalamic nuclei; medial lemniscus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.006.L.jpg The right ovary, uterine tube and round ligament have been detached and removed. The uterine artery (10) has been elevated slightly to demonstrate its passage across the ureter as it approaches the lateral border of the uterus. The uterosacral and lateral cervical (cardinal) ligaments have been dissected to reveal the pelvic plexus and ganglia (11). Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of pelvic cavity with uterus and bladder in situ, right anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.007.L.jpg The uterosacral and lateral cervical ligaments have been resected along with parts of the pelvic plexus to expose the vagina and rectum. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Rectum, vagina, bladder and ureter, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.004.L.jpg The levator ani muscle (15) has been cut off near its insertion and the adjacent superior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm (17) has been partially removed to expose the mass of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue (14) that comprises the uterosacral ligament and the lateral cervical ligament or cardinal ligament of the uterus (of Mackenrodt). The pelvic plexus lies enmeshed in these ligaments. Branches from the plexus (11) are visible passing to the terminal part of the ureter and base of the bladder. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Relations of blood vessels and nerves at ureterovesical junction https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.005.L.jpg The peritoneum has been removed from the lateral pelvic wall. The hilum of the ovary (26) and the broad ligament of the uterus (36) have been dissected. The ovary has been elevated for better exposure of the dissection. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Lateral view of ligaments, vessels and nerves of right ovary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.002.L.jpg The labia have been removed from the right side. The view is from below and to the right. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Vestibule of vagina, opened and viewed from right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.003.L.jpg The labia of the right side have been removed. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Vaginal and urethral orifices, close-up view through vestibule of vagina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.007.L.jpg The mammillary body, the remaining portion of the column of the fornix and mammillothalamic tract have been removed. The optic tract has now been partially exposed. Most of the thalamic tissue has been scraped away to expose the internal capsule. The continuity of the cerebral peduncle into the internal capsule is thus made clearly visible. Fibers of the ansa lenticularis (25) can be seen to loop around the medial border of the internal capsule in their course from the globus pallidus to the tegmentum of the subthalamic region. Numerous broken ends of fibers passing from the thalamus into the internal capsule are seen at (20) and at (6). Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Internal capsule, ansa lenticularis and subthalamic nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=160-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0160.001.L.jpg The fascial layers associated with the anteroinferior aspect of the bladder have been separated from each other. The umbilicovesical fascia (14) divides to cover both surfaces of the bladder. Superiorly this layer is related to the subserosa of the peritoneum and extends laterally to the lateral umbilical ligament (11). An intermediate fascial plane, the umbilical prevesical fascia (15), intervenes between the umbilicovesical fascia behind the transversalis fascia (13) in front. The bladder in this specimen has a large posterolateral recess that has been infolded to permit display of nearby structures in the photograph. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Fascial layers related to bladder, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.004.L.jpg The body of the fornix has been cut away to expose the upper surface of the thalamus and the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle. The continuity of choroid plexus from lateral ventricle to third ventricle through the foramen of Monro is now clearly visible. The cingulum has been exposed throughout much of its course by removal of the cortex of the gyrus cinguli. Its passage into the paraolfactory area is demonstrated. The anterior cerebral artery has been divided and its distal portion retracted upward. The pons has been to dissected to demonstrate the course within it of fibers (26) from the cerebral peduncle and to show the position of the brachium conjunctivum (24). Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Lateral ventricle opened further; cingulum exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.002.L.jpg The bladder has been opened by a sagittal cut placed just lateral to the point of entrance of the right ureter into the bladder wall. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of bladder, right anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.003.L.jpg The bladder, urethra, uterus and vagina have been sectioned in the median plane. The rectum and anal canal have been exposed but not opened. Peritoneum remains intact in the left half of the pelvic cavity. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Median section of bladder, urethra, uterus and vagina, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.001.L.jpg The vagina has been opened along its right border. Its walls have been separated to permit a view of the interior. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of vagina, viewed from right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.003.L.jpg The peritoneum has been removed from the posterior and left lateral walls of the pelvic cavity. The fascial investments of extraperitoneal structures have been stripped away. A large ureteric artery (22), which originates from the internal iliac artery, supplies the lower part of the ureter and communicates inferiorly with the ovarian branch of the uterine artery. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of left side of pelvic cavity. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.001.L.jpg The lower part of the dissection shown in the preceding photograph is shown in more detail in this close-up view centered on the anal canal. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of anal canal and lower part of rectum, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=162-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0162.002.L.jpg The peritoneal covering of the rectouterine fold previously illustrated (161-4) has now been removed. The uterus and vagina have been pulled anteriorly to expose the smooth muscle and fibrous tissue (4) that occupies this fold and extends from the uterus and vaginal wall to the lateral and posterior walls of the pelvic cavity. Although it appears as a continuous sheet, this tissue has usually been subdivided into uterosacral and cardinal (or lateral cervical) ligaments. The former is also identified as the m. rectouterinus and the latter as Mackenrodt's ligament. In subsequent dissections of this series it may be seen that the pelvic plexus of nerves as well as several blood vessels are incorporated within these ligaments. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Uterosacral ligament and cardinal ligament of uterus, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.006.L.jpg The peritoneal covering of the rectum (16) has been elevated. The uterus, vagina and bladder have been pulled anteriorly. The fascia of the rectum has been removed to expose the longitudinal layer of muscle of the rectal wall. Note the fluted infolding of this layer at the site of the lowest transverse rectal fold (5). Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Rectum viewed from right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.007.L.jpg A longitudinal incision has been made through the anterior wall of the anal canal and rectum from the anus to the level of the sacral flexure. The wall to the right of the incision has been pulled aside to reveal the lumen of the lower end of the intestinal tract. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of rectum and anal canal, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.004.L.jpg The uterus and bladder have been retracted toward the pubic symphysis to reveal the peritoneum lining the left half of the pelvic cavity. The rectouterine fold (5) is clearly visible extending laterally and superiorly from the uterus toward the sacrum. The ridge produced by the ureter (2) blends with the lateral part of the rectouterine fold. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of left side of pelvic cavity with peritoneum intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=161-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0161.005.L.jpg The sigmoid mesocolon has been dissected and the rectum and sigmoid colon have been retracted anteriorly and to the left. Peritoneum has been removed from the right surface of the rectum. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Arteries and nerves of sigmoid colon and rectum, right anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.004.L.jpg The mammillothalamic tract is cut back and the column of the fornix exposed in its course around the interventricular foramen (3) and down to the mammillary body. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Interventricular foramen and column of fornix https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.003.L.jpg The meninges have been removed from the inferior surfaces of the fornix, dentate fascia, hippocampal commissure and splenium of the corpus callosum nearly to the midline. The relations of structures in this transitional area are visualized. In this region the fornix and hippocampal commissure remain inferior to the corpus callosum, whereas the dentate fascia passes around behind the splenium, as the fasciola cinerea, to be continuous on the superior surface of the corpus callosum with the induseum griseum and longitudinal striae. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Relations of hippocampal structures near splenium of corpus callosum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.002.L.jpg The stria terminalis, lamina affixa and ependymal surface of the caudate nucleus have been cut away. All of the structures which form the floor of the central part of the lateral ventricle are thus removed. The cerebral peduncle is further cut back. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Relations of choroid plexus and fornix to transverse fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.001.L.jpg The thalamus has now been cut away so that only its most medial and anterior portions remain. The lamina affixa (6), which covered the upper lateral part of the thalamus, is partially removed so that in effect the choroidal fissure (8) is opened from below and one looks directly into the medial part of the body of the lateral ventricle which is collapsed. The roof of the ventricle, formed by the corpus callosum, is seen at (7). Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Transverse fissure and lateral ventricle exposed by removal of thalamus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.003.L.jpg The tongue has been dissected and elevated. Dissection of oral region. Intrinsic muscles of tongue; deep lingual artery, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.002.L.jpg The lingual and hypoglossal nerves have been partially removed and the hyoglossus muscle cut through to expose the lingual artery (22) and its major branches. Periosteum has been stripped from the hyoid bone and the left lamina of the thyroid cartilage has been resected. The styloglossus muscle has been divided to expose the stylopharyngeus muscle. Dissection of oral region. Genoglossus muscle; lingual artery; glossopharyngeal nerve, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.001.L.jpg The lingual and hypoglossal nerves have been elevated. Dissection of oral region. Nerve supply to geniohyoid and hyoglossus muscles, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.007.L.jpg The rostral lamina (8) of the corpus callosum has been cut back to the midline and medial parts of the hemisphere removed to expose the lamina terminalis (9). The lamina terminalis is easily separated from the callosal fibers and it can be seen to extend anteriorly within the septum pellucidum. The longitudinal fibers seen in the previous stage can also be followed forward. The column of the fornix is removed. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Lamina terminalis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.006.L.jpg The body and crus of the fornix have been removed from the specimen and the column of the fornix (12) turned out from its normal position. A system of fibers is exposed which courses longitudinally above the fornix in the septum pellucidum. By dissecting the septum pellucidum (8) anteriorly these can be traced into the region of the lamina terminalis. Posteriorly the fibers appear to blend with the occipital radiation of the corpus callosum. No connection with the hippocampal structures could be found. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Longitudinal fibers within septum pellucidum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=7-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0007.005.L.jpg The cavity of the third ventricle has been exposed from the right side by the resection fo the remaining thalamic structures. No massa intermedia is present in this specimen. The brain is tilted somewhat so that the view is toward the midline from below. The choroid plexus of the third ventricle is pulled away from its attachement along the left thalamus. The left interventricular foramen is visible. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Cavity of third ventricle; continuity of choroid plexus of third and lateral ventricles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.001.L.jpg The transverse part of the nasal muscle has been removed. Two branches (6,8) of the external nasal nerve are visible. These emerge through the membrane which covers the junction of the nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage. A filament of the external nasal branch (10) of the infraorbital nerve crosses the external nasal nerves superficially. No communication was found between the nerves. Dissection of nose. External nasal nerve; arteries of nose, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.007.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue have been removed. The external nasal nerve is obscured by the transverse nasal muscle and a fascial plane which extends from this muscle toward the apex of the nose. Dissection of nose. Superficial nerves and blood vessels; transverse nasal muscle, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.006.L.jpg The palatine arches (13,14) have been cut across and the tongue, mandible and associated structures have been removed. The left upper lip and buccal wall have been cut away. The teeth are numbered in the drawing in the conventional fashion. The third molar teeth were not present. Oral cavity. Roof of oral cavity, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.005.L.jpg The subject is a young, adult male. Oral cavity. Faucial isthmus and soft palate, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=70-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0070.004.L.jpg The subject is young, adult male. The mouth has been opened widely and the tongue elevated. The entire inferior dental arch is visible. Oral cavity. Inferior surface of tongue and floor of mouth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.006.L.jpg The inferior nasal meatus has been opened and the mucosa removed from the lateral surface of the inferior concha. The oral part of the pharynx has been cut open but the nasal part remains unopened medial to the pharyngopalatine muscle (20). Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Blood vessels and nerves of lateral wall of left nasal fossa, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.005.L.jpg The zygomatic bone has been completely removed and the lateral bony walls of the maxillary sinus (20) and inferior nasal meatus (21) have been cut away. The sinus is unusually small. The connections of the sphenopalatine ganglion (17) have been dissected. Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Relations of nasal passages, maxillary sinus, palate and sphenopalatine ganglion, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.004.L.jpg The mucous membrane which lines the lateral wall of the nasal fossa has been exposed by removal of the nasal bone and much of the frontal process of the maxilla. The original margin of these bones are still evident at 6. The nasal bone overlapped the lateral nasal cartilage (3) to a considerable extent. The bony nasolacrimal canal (21) has been opened. Dissection of nose. Cartilage of nasal septum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.003.L.jpg The lateral wall of the nose has been cut away. Dissection of nose. Vestibule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.002.L.jpg Dissection of nose. Nasal exoskeleton, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.007.L.jpg The muscles of expression have been completely removed from the left half of the face. The lips, mucosa of the oral cavity with its associated glands, and the buccinator muscle (20) have been preserved. The ramus of the mandible, masseter and temporal muscles, and zygomatic arch have been cut away. The contents of the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae are visible. The body of the mandible has been partially cut away (22) in order to demonstrate the course of the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve (21). Numerous small veins filled with blue latex surrounded the inferior alveolar artery and nerve and were removed. Dissection of oral region. Left mandibular canal; inferior alveolar nerve and artery, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.006.L.jpg The submaxillary duct (6), nerves and artery (3) have been retained. The hypoglossal nerve (17) is partially visible. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Digrastic and carotid triangles, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.005.L.jpg The submaxillary gland has been resected although the principal branches of its duct (4), as well as nerves and blood vessels, remain in situ. Structures which lie medial to the gland are visible through their fascial coverings. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Medial relations of submaxillary duct, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.007.L.jpg The internal pterygoid, mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscles have been removed. The alveolar process of the maxilla has also been cut away, and nerves and vessels exposed in the palate. The sublingual gland has been removed. Dissection of oral region. Lingual and hypoglossal nerves; submaxillary duct, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.006.L.jpg The mylohyoid and digastric muscles have been reflected inferiorly to demonstrate the relations of the tongue, sublingual gland, lingual and hypoglossal nerves, and geniohyoid muscle. Dissection of oral region. Relation of sublingual gland to tongue, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.005.L.jpg The left half of the mandible has been removed, and the lower lip and much of the cheek resected. The mylohyoid muscle lies approximately in its normal position. The anterior belly of the digastric muscle has been turned inferiorly and opened to expose its nerve and arterial supply. Dissection of oral region. Oral cavity opened; nerves to mylohyoid and digastric muscles, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.004.L.jpg The mylohyoid muscle has been retracted inferiorly and the lingual nerve freed of its connective tissue. Dissection of oral region. Lingual nerve; submaxillary ganglion and plexus, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.003.L.jpg Part of the mandible has been removed. A remnant of the angle (18) and ramus of the mandible has been retracted laterally. The buccinator muscle remains intact. This part of the jaw was edentulous so that the gingival tissue (6) appears intact. Dissection of oral region. Mylohyoid muscle and nerve; internal pterygoid muscle, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.002.L.jpg The soft tissues have been removed from the maxilla, which in turn has been cut away to reveal the roots of the upper teeth. The buccal wall (24) and a portion of the masseter muscle (23) have been retained. The orbital contents have been removed and the mucosa of the maxillary sinus exposed. The superior alveolar nerves and arteries have been dissected. The course of some of the nerve filaments is indicated by interrupted lines in the drawing. These filaments are not clearly visible in the view but their position has been verified in the dissection. A dense network of venules was present in each peridental membrane. This has been preserved only over the root of the second premolar tooth (8). Dissection of oral region. Nerves and blood vessels to upper teeth, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=69-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0069.001.L.jpg The soft tissues have been cut away to expose the left half of the body of the mandible. The bone has been ground away to reveal the dental roots together with their nerves and vessels. Nearly all of the numerous veins which accompanied the inferior alveolar artery in the mandibular canal has been cut away. The late results of dental extraction are of interest in this specimen in which the lower first molar had been removed at some time during life. Complete healing of the alveolar bone and some hollowing of the alveolar margin has occurred. The upper first-molar (7) has descended into the gap created by the extraction, and the lower second molar (10) has become tilted anteriorly. Two nerve filaments and small blood vessels extended into the area of the extraction. Dissection of oral region. Nerves and blood vessels to lower teeth, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.002.L.jpg The subclavian vein has been retracted anteriorly and areolar connective tissue has been removed posterior to the vein. The fascia (24) which extends medially from the anterior border of the anterior scalene muscle toward the internal mammary artery (23) covers the cupula of the pleura. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Fascial relations at apex of parietal pleura, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.004.L.jpg The second metacarpal bone has been transected and the index finger removed. The tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle (9) has been cut off. The abductor pollicis brevis (10) has been partially resected. The remaining thenar muscles have been separated. The palmar aponeurosis has been cut away and the flexor tendons have been removed from the carpal canal (16). Volar aspect of right hand. Thenar muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.006.L.jpg The prevertebral fascia has been removed and the clavicle partially resected. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Levator scapulae and scalene muscles, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.005.L.jpg The volar interosseous fascia has been partially cut away. Volar aspect of right hand. Thenar muscles; deep volar arch; deep branch of ulnar nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.005.L.jpg The isthmus (13) of the thyroid gland has been divided and the left lobe retracted laterally. The fascial attachment (9) of the gland to the upper part of the trachea is shown. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relations of thyroid gland to larynx and trachea, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.002.L.jpg The flexor tendons and lumbrical muscles of the third, fourth and fifth fingers have been retracted medially. The second lumbrical muscle (5) has been dissected. Its nerve (4) in this instance is a branch of the deep volar branch of the ulnar nerve which reaches the muscle after passing through the adductor pollicis muscle. Usually the second lumbrical receives its nerve supply from the median nerve. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to second lumbrical muscle, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.004.L.jpg Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Thyroid gland retracted anteriorly; recurrent laryngeal nerve, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.003.L.jpg The flexor tendons and lumbrical muscles have been retracted distally. The opponens digiti quinti muscle has been dissected. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to third and fourth lumbrical muscles and opponens digiti quinti muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.003.L.jpg A right superior parathyroid gland was not identified. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Thyroid and parathyroid glands, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.007.L.jpg The digital tendon sheaths have been opened and the flexor tendons elevated. The hand is viewed somewhat from its medial aspect. Volar aspect of right hand. Insertions of flexor tendons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.002.L.jpg Localized enlargements at the sites of valves occur at several places along the thyroid veins. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Thyroid gland, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.001.L.jpg The posterior walls of the common synovial sheath (18) and the sheath of the flexor pollicis longus (14) have been preserved within the carpal canal. These sheaths appear to be continuous in this dissection. However, at a time when both sheaths were intact, air injected into one did not pass into the other. A prominent ridge (16) marks the line of attachment of the mesotendon within the common sheath. Volar aspect of right hand. Flexor tendons reflected from carpal canal; volar interosseous fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.001.L.jpg Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Infrahyoid region, anterosuperior close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.008.L.jpg The sternocleidomastoid and infrahyoid muscles of the right side have been partially cut away. The left clavicle has been removed. The left subclavian artery, the trunks of the brachial plexus and the junction of the subclavian vein with the internal jugular vein are visible. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relations of thyroid gland, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.006.L.jpg The sheath has been cut away from the fourth finger and the flexor tendons have been elevated slightly. Volar aspect of right hand. Digital tendon sheaths https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.007.L.jpg The sternothyroid muscle has been divided and reflected to expose the isthmus and left lobe of the thyroid gland. A thin layer of fascia (pretracheal fascia) is adherent to the gland. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Left lobe of thyroid gland in situ, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.001.L.jpg The adductor pollicis muscle has been removed. The volar interosseous fascia and transverse capsular ligaments have been cut away to display the interosseous muscles. The first dorsal interosseous muscle has been detached from its origin on the first metacarpal bone. An independent, small muscle (8) remains attached to the first metacarpal. This corresponds in origin and insertion with the regular volar interosseous muscles. Volar aspect of right hand. Volar and dorsal interosseous muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.006.L.jpg The muscle has been cut and dissected to show the intramuscular course of branches of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to transverse head of adductor pollicis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.001.L.jpg The left lobe of the thyroid gland has been removed, most of the carotid sheath has been cut away and the internal jugular vein has been retracted laterally. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Left common carotid artery, vagus nerve and thoracic duct, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=104-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0104.007.L.jpg The transverse head (22) of the adductor pollicis has been cut close to its origin from the shaft of the third metacarpal bone. The oblique head (6) has been divided and dissected to show the course of branches from the deep ramus of the ulnar nerve. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to oblique head of adductor pollicis and deep head of flexor pollicis brevis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=75-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0075.007.L.jpg Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relation of subclavian artery and vein to scalene muscles and brachial plexus, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.006.L.jpg The external part of the thyroarytenoid muscle has been cut away to expose the vocal muscle (8) and the vocal cord (7). The wall of the appendix of the ventricle, which was opened in the previous view, has been removed. The intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue have been dissected and are considered in detail in reel 70-3. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx; relation to tongue, pharynx and hyoid bone, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.005.L.jpg The brachioradialis muscle has been retracted upward and the extensor carpi radialis longus has been detached from its origin and reflected laterally. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to extensor carpi radialis longus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.005.L.jpg The left half of the thyroid cartilage has been removed with the exception of its superior horn (15) which remains attached to the hyoid bone by the lateral hyothyroid ligament. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx; laryngeal ventricle and piriform recess of pharynx opened, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.001.L.jpg The antibrachial fascia has been removed and the brachial fascia cut away from the lower part of the arm. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Superficial layer of extensor muscles, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.003.L.jpg The left inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx has been reflected from its origin. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx; nerve supply to cricothyroid muscle, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.002.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been turned medially so that the relation of the ulna (15) to the extensor muscles (above) and the flexor muscles (below) is visible. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Relations of extensor muscles to ulnar border of forearm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.002.L.jpg The origin of the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx from the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and from an intervening tendinous arch has been preserved. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.006.L.jpg The index finger has been removed by transecting the second metacarpal bone and the muscles, vessels and nerves of the finger. The second lumbrical and second dorsal interosseous muscles can be traced to their insertions on the middle finger. The latter muscle inserts partly into the extensor expansion (2) and partly into the base of the first phalanx. Fascia (18) of the lumbrical muscle has been incised and reflected to demonstrate the "lumbrical canal." Lateral aspect of right hand. Insertion and of second lumbrical and second dorsal interosseous muscles on lateral side of middle finger https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.001.L.jpg The infrahyoid muscles have been cut away. The left lobe of the thyroid gland has been removed. The left common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve have been retracted laterally. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relations of larynx, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.007.L.jpg The skin has been removed except at the borders of the forearm and hand. The proximal third of the forearm is not shown. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Superficial vessels and nerves; antibrachial fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.007.L.jpg The innominate veins have been cut off close to the superior vena cava and the right subclavian and first part of the right axillary vein removed. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Right phrenic nerve; innominate artery and branches, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.004.L.jpg The fascia has been removed from the muscles. Lateral aspect of right hand. Relations of first dorsal interosseous, first lumbrical and adductor pollicis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.006.L.jpg The superior mediastinal space has been opened by removal of the manubrium and upper part of the body of the sternum, and parts of the first and second costal cartilages. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Lymphatic ducts of right side of neck; thymus; innominate artery and veins, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.005.L.jpg The muscle has been detached from its origin on the first metacarpal bone and dissected. The course of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve toward its point of entry into this muscle is shown in 105-1. Lateral aspect of right hand. Nerve and blood supply to first dorsal interosseous muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.005.L.jpg A portion of the left innominate vein has been resected. Fascia which covered the pleura (24) has been removed. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relations of cupula of pleura, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.002.L.jpg The volar interossei have been removed but the areas of origin (4) and tendons of insertion (7) of these muscles are indicated. Volar aspect of right hand. Dorsal interosseous muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.004.L.jpg The left common carotid artery and left internal jugular vein have been resected. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relations of inferior cervical ganglion, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=105-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0105.003.L.jpg Nutrient, perforating and muscular branches of the deep volar arch have been exposed by removing parts of the dorsal interosseous muscles. Other branches of the arch have been shown in previous views. Volar aspect of right hand. Branches of deep volar arch https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=76-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0076.003.L.jpg The internal jugular vein has been cut off and the left innominate vein retracted anteromedially. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Thoracic duct; structures related to cupula of pleura, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.003.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Extensor muscles separated https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.004.L.jpg The muscle has been detached from its origin and retracted laterally. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to brachioradialis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.004.L.jpg The left lamina of the thyroid cartilage has been cut and reflected posteriorly. The left cricothyroid joint (23) has been opened. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx; thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles; anastomosis of superior and inferior laryngeal nerves, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.003.L.jpg The specimen is the same as shown in 101-1. Details of the origin of the palmaris brevis muscle are shown. This muscle arises from transverse fibres which lie deep to the longitudinal fibres of the palmar aponeurosis. Volar aspect of right hand. Superficial structures of palm, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.005.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue have been removed except for a narrow vertical band which remains in the midline. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Superficial nerves and blood vessels; platysma, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.004.L.jpg The palmar aponeurosis has been partially resected. The volar superficial branch of the radial artery did not contribute to the superficial volar arch in this specimen. Volar aspect of right hand. Superficial volar arch https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.004.L.jpg The left orbit has been removed except for the remnant of the medial orbital margin (frontal process of maxilla) which has been preserved for purposes of orientation. The nasolacrimal duct (9) has been opened. The left maxillary sinus has been resected except for its floor (14). The mucosa of the lateral wall of the left nasal fossa (4) and the nasal conchae (13,19) have been partially removed to expose the nasal fossa. Part of the mucosa of the septum and floor of the nasal fossa has been removed. A window has been cut through the hard palate and the anterior palatine nerve and major palatine artery dissected. The left ethmoidal air cells have been removed and the left sphenoid sinus opened. Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Nasal septum and left nasal fossa; branches of sphenopalatine ganglion, left superolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.001.L.jpg Volar aspect of right hand. Superficial structures, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.003.L.jpg Portions of the conchae have been cut away to expose the openings of the paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct. The pterygopalatine canal (20) has been opened and the cartilage of the auditory tube exposed. The muscles of the palate have been dissected and the palatine tonsil removed. Structures which lie lateral and anterior to the tonsil have been dissected. Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Right lateral wall of nasal fossa and nasal pharynx dissected; relations of palatine tonsil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.002.L.jpg Numerous Pacinian corpuscles occur along the digital nerves. One of these is indicated at 9. Volar aspect of right hand. Superficial structures of fingers, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.002.L.jpg The nasal septum has been removed and the right sphenoid sinus (15) opened. The view is from the left. Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Right lateral wall of nasal fossa, nasal pharynx and mouth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.001.L.jpg The cartilage and bones of the nasal septum have been cut away so that the mucous membrane which covered the right side of the septum is exposed. The sphenoid sinus has been widely opened and a window cut in its bony roof to expose the hypophysis. The left internal carotid artery has been retracted posteriorly. Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Relation of nasal septum to sphenoid sinus and hypophysis; right palatine nerves; palatine arches, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.007.L.jpg Elbow joint. Articular cavity opened, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=71-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0071.007.L.jpg The lateral wall of the nasal fossa has been resected and the palate cut to the left of the midline. The septal mucous membrane has been dissected to reveal the olfactory nerves (1) and branches of the sphenopalatine and ethmoidal nerves and blood vessels. The tongue has been pulled to the left and inferiorly. The relation of the lingual nerve to the submaxillary duct (9) is shown. Dissection of nasal fossae, nasal pharynx, and palate. Blood vessels and nerves of nasal septum, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.002.L.jpg A superficial stratum (3) of the abductor pollicis brevis has been detached from its origin and reflected distally. The deeper part of this muscle (8), which is partially fused with the opponens pollicis (10), remains in place. Volar aspect of right hand. Thenar and hypothenar muscles, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.007.L.jpg The flexor digiti quinti muscle has been cut at its origin from the transverse carpal ligament (11) and reflected medially. In this specimen the flexor (19) and abductor digiti quinti (22) muscles are practically fused. The nerves which enter the muscles arise from the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to abductor and flexor digiti quinti muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0073.002.L.jpg The lymphatic structures have been elevated to display the complex array of lymphatic vessels which not only interconnect various nodes in the area but also pass through openings in the fascia toward central vessels. The beaded appearance of the vessels is due to the numerous internal valves. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Close-up view of superficial cervical lymphatics, left posterior triangle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.001.L.jpg The digital nerves and vessels have been retracted to expose underlying structures. The synovial tendon sheaths have been inflated with air. The common sheath (ulnar bursa, 15) is continuous with the synovial sheath of the fifth finger (21) and in close proximity to, but not continuous with, that of the fourth finger (4). Volar aspect of right hand. Relation of third and fourth lumbrical muscles to synovial sheaths of flexor tendons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0073.001.L.jpg The external layer of cervical fascia has been removed from the left side of the neck except from the lower part of the posterior triangle. In this region the lamina of this fascia which passes deep to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles remains in place. This layer has openings for lymphatic vessels (20) and veins, but can be traced superiorly to the midpart of the view where it becomes continuous with the prevertibral fascia (13). The left shoulder occupies the midforeground of the view. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Contents of left posterior cervical triangle; superficial cervical lymphatics, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.005.L.jpg The palmar aponeurosis has been reflected medially. A large median artery (17) enters the volar superficial arch in this specimen. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to first lumbrical muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.007.L.jpg The platysma (11) has been resected and the underlying cervical fascia removed from the right side of the neck. The shoulder is to the left of the view and the chin to the upper right side. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Right posterior cervical triangle; external jugular vein; supraclavicular nerves, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=101-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0101.006.L.jpg The palmaris brevis has been reflected laterally. The hypothenar fascia has been removed. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to palmaris brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=72-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0072.006.L.jpg The sternal and clavicular origins of the sternocleidomastoid muscles are visible. The pectoral fascia has been removed bilaterally and the external layer of cervical fascia cut away to the right of the midline. On the left the cervical fascia covers the sternocleidomastoid muscle and extends partially across the suprasternal space. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Suprasternal space, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.007.L.jpg The volar and transverse carpal ligaments, which together comprise the flexor retinaculum, have been resected to expose the contents of the carpal canal. Volar aspect of right hand. Carpal canal opened; fascia intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.003.L.jpg The middle layer of cervical fascia has been removed and the omohyoid muscle retracted superiorly. The thoracic duct is not visible. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes; lymphathic vessels entering left internal jugular vein, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.001.L.jpg The median nerve and artery have been exposed and retracted medially. The median artery, shown also in 98-3 and elsewhere, is of unusual size in this specimen. Its entry into the superficial volar arch results in an anomalous arrangement of the vessels in the hand. The flexor digitorum sublimis muscle and tendons have been retracted medially. The synovial sheath (15) of the flexor pollicis longus tendon (16) has been opened. This sheath is often referred to as the radial bursa. Volar aspect of right hand. Synovial sheath in carpus canal for tendon of flexor pollicis longus muscle (radial bursa) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.002.L.jpg The left clavicle crosses the lower part of the view. The sling-like thickening of fascia (5) which invests the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle has been divided to expose the tendon. The lympathic structures visible at 11 lie in a natural opening in the fascia. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Close-up view of clavicular attachment of middle layer of cervical fascia; inferior deep cervical lymphatics, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.005.L.jpg The specimen has been turned to show the medial side of the thumb. The abductor pollicis brevis (3), flexor pollicis brevis (4,6) and opponens pollicis (7) muscles have been reflected in various ways. Air has been injected into the synovial sheath (8) of the flexor pollicis longus. Volar aspect of right hand. Tendon sheath of flexor pollicis longus muscle; branches of ulnar nerve to flexor pollicis brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.001.L.jpg The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles have been removed. The inferior part of the middle layer of cervical fascia has been preserved and its continuity with the prevertebral fascia shown. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Infrahyoid muscles; internal jugular vein; prevertebral fascia, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.006.L.jpg The abductor pollicis brevis (7) and superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis (8) have been elevated and partially resected. Volar aspect of right hand. Relations of deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, tendon of flexor pollicis longus, and adductor pollicis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0073.006.L.jpg The middle layer of cervical fascia has been partially removed from the left side to expose the sternohyoid and omohyoid muscles. On the right side the middle layer of cervical fascia (7) has been reflected to expose a thin, intrinsic fascia over the sternohyoid muscle. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Infrahyoid muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.003.L.jpg The abductor pollicis brevis (7) has been reflected from its origin. The muscle was readily divided into two distinct laminae, the smaller of which is more deeply placed. Volar aspect of right hand. Opponens pollicis muscle; nerve supply to abductor pollicis brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0073.005.L.jpg The sternocleidomastoid muscle has been retracted posteriorly. The external layer of cervical fascia and the parotideomasseteric fascia have been removed. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Deep cervical lymphatic nodes and vessels, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=102-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0102.004.L.jpg The superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis muscle (3) has been cut from its origin and reflected distally. A thin slip of this muscle appears to be closely related to the abductor pollicis brevis. The opponens pollicis (4) has been divided at its origin and retracted laterally. Filaments of the recurrent muscular branch of the median nerve ramify within the muscle. Volar aspect of right hand. Nerve supply to opponens pollicis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0073.004.L.jpg The external layer of cervical fascia has been removed except in suprasternal space (10). The middle layer of cervical fascia covers the sternohyoid muscles (7) and extends laterally to form a sling-like investment for the omohyoid muscle. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Middle layer of cervical fascia and infrahyoid muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=73-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0073.003.L.jpg The sternocleidomastoid muscle (13) has been cut from its origins and reflected laterally. The deep lamina of the external layer of cervical fascia, which covered the deep surface of the muscle, has been retained. This fascia is intimately related to the middle layer of cervical fascia which covers the omohyoid muscle (9), as well as to the part of the carotid sheath which encloses the internal jugular vein (14). Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Relation of external and middle layers of cervical fascia to carotid sheath, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.004.L.jpg The superficial parts of the muscle (12) have been resected between the forearm and the third and fourth fingers. Remnants of the common synovial sheath (ulnar bursa) are visible over the flexor digitorum profundus (9) within the carpal canal, and distally over the lumbrical muscles (18). Volar aspect of right hand. Flexor digitorum sublimis muscle (continued); tendons to second and fifth fingers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.005.L.jpg The tendons of the flexor digitorum sublimis (3) have been divided and the proximal parts removed. The common synovial sheath has been removed to expose the origins of the lumbrical muscles from the deep flexor tendons. The digital tendon sheaths have been removed except for that of the fifth finger. Volar aspect of right hand. Origins of lumbrical muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.006.L.jpg Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Nerve supply to sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.002.L.jpg The median nerve and artery have been retracted laterally in the same preparation shown in the previous view. The common synovial tendon sheath of the flexor digitorum sublimis and flexor digitorum profundus muscles has been opened. This sheath is frequently referred to as the ulnar bursa. A communication exists between this sheath and the synovial sheath of the fifth finger. The latter has not been opened. Volar aspect of right hand. Common synovial sheath of flexor tendons (ulnar bursa) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.005.L.jpg The bellies of the left sternohyoid and omohyoid muscles have been removed. The left sternoclavicular joint has been opened. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Deep layers of infrahyoid muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=103-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0103.003.L.jpg The vaginal ligament and synovial sheath have been removed from the fourth finger. Reference should be made to 98-1 for a general view of the muscle. Volar aspect of right hand. Flexor digitorum sublimis muscle in hand and wrist https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=74-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0074.004.L.jpg The sternohyoid and omohyoid muscles (5) have been detached from the hyoid bone and turned inferiorly. The thin fascia of the thyrohyoid muscle (9) has been removed. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Thyrohyoid muscle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.002.L.jpg Joints of right wrist and hand. Capsules and ligaments, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.003.L.jpg Joints of right wrist and hand. Capsules and ligaments, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.003.L.jpg Ribs and vertebral bodies have been resected bilaterally between the second and ninth thoracic levels. The periosteum (6) which covered the inner surfaces of the ribs has been preserved in most areas. The anterior longitudinal ligament (23), with remnants of the intervertebral discs attached,has also been retained in part. The lungs have been inflated and are visible through the intact costal pleura. The proximal parts of the III-VII thoracic nerves have been positioned on the pleura in such a way that their dorsal and ventral roots, dorsal rami and communications with the sympathetic trunk are visible. These components are labeled for the left seventh thoracic nerve (8,9,10). The intercostal arteries and veins have been cut off in various ways. Thoracic meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected in relation to vertebral column. Intrathoracic structures related to vertebral column, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.007.L.jpg The thalamus has been further dissected by cutting away a part of the anterior nucleus and exposing the mammillothalamic tract in its course into this area. The tapetum has been removed to display the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, the tail of the caudate nucleus and the downward continuation of those fibers of the stratum zonale of the thalamus seen in the previous view. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Anterior nucleus of thalamus and mammillothalamic tract; inferior horn of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.001.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of hand. Relations of radial artery at wrist, lateral view of left hand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.006.L.jpg Dissection of the left thalamus has been commenced by removing the lamina affixa. This exposes fibers in the stratum zonale which follow an arching course posteriorly approximately paralleling the course of the stria terminalis (which has now been removed). These fibers extend into the region below the lentiform nucleus and geniculocalcarine tract where they bend outward toward the temporal lobe (thalamotemporal tract). Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Stratum zonale thalami; fasciculus retroflexus; tapetum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.006.L.jpg A laminectomy has been performed and the epidural space has been cleared of adipose tissue to reveal the posterior part of the internal vertebral venous plexus lying against the dura mater. The area included in this close-up photograph may be visualized in relation to the entire back by reference to view 217-2 wherein such muscles as the semispinalis capitis and splenius cervicis (1 and 3 in the present view) may also be seen. Thoracic meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected in relation to vertebral column. Epidural space, dura mater and spinal cord in upper thoracic region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.007.L.jpg The vertebral canal has been opened by laminectomy and the tenth intervertebral foramen (6) has been opened on the right side by excision of the inferior articular process of the tenth thoracic vertebra. The dorsal and ventral roots of the corresponding nerve have been exposed. The roots penetrate the dura separately in this specimen. Thoracic meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected in relation to vertebral column. Right tenth thoracic nerve within vertebral canal and intervertebral foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.004.L.jpg The superior longitudinal fasciculus has been further cut away to expose the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus completely. Fibers of this latter bundle merge with fibers of the geniculocalcarine tract (and probably other pathways) to form the external sagittal stratum, a well-defined band which extends toward the occipital pole. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus and external sagittal stratum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.004.L.jpg The cervical fascia has been removed from the deep surface of the upper part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the muscle has been retracted slightly laterally. The levator scapulae (29) has been cut from its origins and retracted medially. Parts of the cervical plexus (19,24) and some of its branches (11,12) have been exposed by removing the prevertebral fascia. The carotid sheath has been resected to reveal the internal jugular vein lying anterior to the cervical plexus. The upper cervical vertebrae have been cut and exposed in various ways to demonstrate the relations of ligaments, joint cavities, nerves and blood vessels to these bones. Atlantooccipital joint, atlantoaxial joint and cervical vertebrae dissected from behind. Relations of left sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, cervical plexus and cervical vertebrae, viewed from behind https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.006.L.jpg The left half of the transverse ligament (21) has been divided and the cruciate ligament (15) has been reflected to the right. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Joint cavity between transverse ligament and dens https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.005.L.jpg The head and body of the left caudate nucleus have been scraped away to reveal the underlying fibers of the internal capsule radiating upward and forward. Anteriorly a portion of the ependymal covering of the caudate nucleus has been left intact to preserve a semblance of its relation to the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Internal capsule exposed by removing head and body of caudate nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.005.L.jpg The bodies of the first five cervical vertebrae have been sectioned in the median plane and their left halves removed. The cervical nerves have been retained approximately in their normal positions with the exception of the first nerve (16), which has been displaced superiorly. The anterior internal vertebral venous plexus (18) and the longus colli and longus capitis muscles has been preserved. Atlantooccipital joint, atlantoaxial joint and cervical vertebrae dissected from behind. Hypoglossal, accessory and vagus nerves; ventral rami of cervical nerves; internal carotid artery; internal jugular vein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.005.L.jpg The contents of the jugular foramen (1,3,4) and hypoglossal canal (2) have been partially exposed without disturbing their relations. The capsule of the atlantoepistrophic joint (22) has been partially resected. The opposing articular surfaces of this joint are incongruous as compared to those of the atlantooccipital joint (6). A dense plexus of blood vessels (16) occupies the area between the dens and the margin of the foramen magnum. The apical ligament of the dens was not well defined. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Relations of internal jugular vein, hypoglossal, accessory and vagus nerves to atlantooccipital joint; atlantoepistrophic joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.002.L.jpg The superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule have been taken away to reveal the depths of the superior temporal sulcus and the course of the posterior temporal branch of the middle cerebral artery. The cavity of the third ventricle has been opened by cutting away the two lines of choroid plexus along its roof. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Posterior temporal branch of middle cerebral artery in superior temporal sulcus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.002.L.jpg The capsule of the lateral atlantoaxial joint (22) has been partially resected. The opposing articular surfaces of this joint are incongruous as compared to those of the atlantooccipital joint above (6). The capsule of the latter joint has been cut off at the margin of the sectioned occipital bone. In addition, the articular cartilage on the upper surface of the atlas has been partly removed to permit a sectional view of the component parts of this joint. Near the midline a dense plexus of veins (16) occupies the area between the dens and the margin of the foramen magnum. An apical ligament of the dens was well defined in this specimen. Atlantooccipital joint, atlantoaxial joint and cervical vertebrae dissected from behind. Atlantooccipital and lateral atlantoaxial joints opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.004.L.jpg The posterior longitudinal ligament and tectorial membrane have been resected. The posterior vertebral venous plexus has been removed from the left side of the dissection. The jugular foramen (4) and the hypoglossal canal (5) have been cut open. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Cruciate ligament; alar ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.003.L.jpg The upper half of the middle temporal gyrus has been broken away to illustrate the position and direction of some fiber systems entering this gyrus. The uncinate fasciculus, inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus are all seen to contribute fibers. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Associative systems of fibers within temporal lobe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.003.L.jpg The left half of the transverse ligament (21) has been divided to permit the cruciform ligament to be reflected posteriorly and to the right. The joint cavity between the dens and the cruciform ligament was thus opened. The considerable thickness of the transverse ligament and of the alar ligaments(18) is evident in the sectioned ends of these structures. Atlantooccipital joint, atlantoaxial joint and cervical vertebrae dissected from behind. Median atlantoaxial joint opened from behind https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.003.L.jpg More of the occipital bone has been removed and the suboccipital muscles have been almost completely cut away on the left side. The capsule of the left atlantooccipital joint has been opened. Synovial folds extend into the joint cavity (4). The dura mater (15) has been reflected laterally. The part of the posterior longitudinal ligament (18) to the right of the midline has been preserved. On the left side this ligament has been cut away to expose the tectorial membrane (20). Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Tectorial membrane; atlantooccipital joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.007.L.jpg The ligament has been cut to open the various compartments for the tendons. The synovial sheaths of the tendons have also been opened. The proximal and distal limits of these sheaths are not visible on all of the tendons. The smooth portions of the tendons are covered by synovial membrane reflected from the sheaths. Dorsal aspect of hand. Compartments for extensor tendons deep to dorsal carpal ligament, lateral view of right hand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.007.L.jpg The brain and spinal cord have been removed and the dura mater has been cut away from the left half of the specimen. The occipital bone had been cut across on the left side slightly posterior to the occipital condyle. The left atlantooccipital joint (4) has been opened. On the right side a flap of dura (15) has been reflected to expose the posterior longitudinal ligament (18). The latter has been excised to the left of the midline to reveal the tectorial membrane (20). Atlantooccipital joint, atlantoaxial joint and cervical vertebrae dissected from behind. Tectorial membrane; atlantooccipital joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.002.L.jpg The posterior part of the occipital bone has been cut away to open the foramen magnum and the arches of the cervical vertebrae have been resected. The brain and spinal cord have been removed. The dura mater has been retained in the right half of the posterior cranial fossa and vertebral canal. Details of the relations of meninges and central nervous system in this area are to be found in Section I, reel 32-4 ff. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Posterior longitudinal ligament https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=11-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0011.001.L.jpg The claustrum and external capsule have been removed to display the lateral surface of the lentiform nucleus. A few vertically directed fibers of the external capsule still remain on this surface. The meninges of the transverse fissure have been taken away to expose the thalamus, tela chorioidea and choroid plexus of the third ventricle and the pineal body. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Lentiform nucleus, uncinate fasciculus; roof of third ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=218-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0218.001.L.jpg The posterior longitudinal ligament and the tectorial membrane have been resected to reveal the cruciform ligament (22,26) and the alar ligaments (23). The anterior internal vertebral venous plexus has been partially removed from the left side of the dissection. The left half of the occipital bone had been cut back anteriorly to a plane that passes across the occipital condyle and opens into the hypoglossal canal (5) and the jugular foramen (3,4). Lower in the dissection the course of the first and second cervical nerves (10,12) is shown in relation to to the vertebral artery (9). Atlantooccipital joint, atlantoaxial joint and cervical vertebrae dissected from behind. Median atlantoaxial joint; cruciform ligament; alar ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.001.L.jpg The arches of the third, fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae have been divided. The cavities of the superior and inferior (12) intervertebral joints of the third cervical vertebrae have been opened. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Ligamenta flava https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.001.L.jpg The fifth rib has been removed from the left side. The vertebral canal has been opened by laminectomy and the pedicle of the fifth thoracic vertebra has been cut off on the left to expose the component parts of the corresponding spinal nerve. A plexus of vertebral branches (11) of this nerve, including meningeal filaments, can be seen to extend medially through the intervertebral foramen anterior to the nerve roots which have been elevated somewhat out of their usual position. Thoracic meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected in relation to vertebral column. Intervertebral course and meningeal branches of left fifth thoracic nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.002.L.jpg The thoracic part of the spinal cord has been exposed by a laminectomy. The upper thoracic vertebra have been completely removed for this view, including the upper half of the body of the eighth vertebra. The interrelations of the internal and external vertebral venous plexuses and the basivertebral vein (5) are visible. The specimen is viewed from above. Thoracic meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected in relation to vertebral column. Transverse section of body of eighth thoracic vertebra illustrating relations of blood vessels, nerves and ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.006.L.jpg Sections of forearm and hand. Sagittal section of right middle finger, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.006.L.jpg The posterior commissure (10) has been exposed by removing the remainder of the right superior colliculus. Fibers from this commissure are faintly visible as they course into the pretectal region immediately lateral to the aqueduct. The medial lemniscus can be traced into the ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus. In the tegmental part of the pons and mesencephalon a large mass of longitudinally coursing fibers, the central tegmental tract, is uncovered. The more medial of these fibers lie in a position corresponding to that of the medial longitudinal fasciculus but they cannot be clearly separated from the remainder. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Central tegmental tract; posterior commissure; termination of medial lemniscus within thalamus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.007.L.jpg The eponychium (cuticle) has been partially scraped away to reveal the depth of the sulcus matricis unguis (1). Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of distal part of right fourth finger and fingernail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.007.L.jpg The posterior parts of the thalamus have been scraped away through a window cut out in such a way that the inferior border of the pulvinar and the stratum zonale covering its superior surface are both preserved. The broken ends of fibers which passed from the pulvinar and posterolateral nucleus into the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule are visible in the lateral part of this dissection. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Posterior commissure; fasciculus retroflexus; central tegmental tract; fibers within pulvinar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.004.L.jpg The extensor expansion (2) has been reflected dorsally to display the insertion of the central part of the extensor tendon (4) on the base of the middle phalanx. Joints of right index finger. Capsule and ligaments of proximal interphalangeal joint, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.005.L.jpg The ligaments and capsule of the joint have been cut. The extensor tendon and extensor expansion have also been transected to allow the proximal phalanx to be pulled away from the middle phalanx. The bones are in a position of flexion. Joints of right index finger. Proximal interphalangeal joint opened, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.003.L.jpg The ligaments and capsule of the joint have been cut. The head of the metacarpal bone has been rotated medially and proximally. Joints of right index finger. Metacarpophalangeal joint opened, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.003.L.jpg The structures of the mesencephalon and diencephalon are now more exposed by the removal of the meninges and arterial branches. Note the cut ends of numerous small arteries as they enter the thalamus and geniculate bodies. The continuity of the superior colliculus with the superior quadrigeminal brachium is visible. The relations of the inferior colliculus, inferior quadrigeminal brachium and medial geniculate body are also visible. The pineal body has been cut away. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Colliculi, quadrigeminal brachia and geniculate bodies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.004.L.jpg Dissection of the brain stem was begun on the right side by the exposure of the brachium conjunctivum as it passes into the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. The lateral lemniscus (12), which carries ascending auditory impulses, can be seen to cross the lateral aspect of the brachium conjunctivum in its approach to the inferior colliculus and inferior quadrigeminal brachium. This latter, in turn, passes to the medial geniculate body. The origin of the lateral lemniscus in the caudal part of the pons is not clearly demonstrable by gross dissection. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Brachium conjunctivum and lateral lemniscus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.001.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of left hand and fingers. Extensor tendons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.001.L.jpg The internal cerebral veins and their surrounding meninges are now cut away to expose the roof of the third ventricle and the habenulae. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Roof of third ventricle, habenulae and pineal body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=111-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0111.002.L.jpg The finger has been removed from the hand by transecting the shaft of the metacarpal bone (2). The first volar interosseous muscle (3) has been reflected dorsally with the extensor expansion of the medial side of the finger. Transverse fibers of the extensor expansion have been divided (4). Joints of right index finger. Capsule and ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joint, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.002.L.jpg Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Close-up view of meninges and arteries within transverse fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.006.L.jpg The volar ligaments have been removed and the articular capsules have been incised to allow the carpal and metacarpal bones to be pulled apart. The interosseous ligament between the hamate and capitate has been cut. The interosseous ligaments of the bases of the metacarpals have also been incised. Joints of right wrist and hand. Articular cavities, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.006.L.jpg The dura has been removed so that the arachnoid membrane remains intact. The filum terminale (15) appears as a white strand deep to the arachnoid. An extensive subarachnoid space surrounds the nerve roots which form the cauda equina. Lumbosacral meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Arachnoid membrane covering cauda equina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.007.L.jpg The joint spaces have been opened by flexion of the wrist and hand. The interosseous intercarpal ligaments have not been cut. The capitate and hamate bones are held together firmly by a strong interosseous ligament. Joints of right wrist and hand. Frontal section, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.007.L.jpg The lumbar part of the spinal cord has been exposed. The conus medullaris ends at the level of the arch of the second lumbar vertebra. Lumbosacral meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Cauda equina, conus medullaris and filum terminale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.004.L.jpg Joints of right wrist and hand. Capsules and ligaments, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.004.L.jpg The laminae of the fifth lumbar vertebra have been cut away and the entire sacral canal has been opened to expose the meninges, nerve roots and blood vessels within the lower part of the vertebral canal. The paired coccygeal nerves are fused with the filum durae matris spinalis and as a consequence are not clearly visible. Lumbosacral meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Contents of sacral canal, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=110-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0110.005.L.jpg Joints of right wrist and hand. Capsules and ligaments, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=219-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0219.005.L.jpg The laminae of the third, fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae and of the upper two sacral segments have been resected. Epidural fat has been removed to expose segmentally arranges veins (15). Several fibrous strands (10) pass from the lower part of the dura to the sacrum as part of the anchoring mechanism of the meninges. Lumbosacral meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Dura mater in lumbar region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=22-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0022.005.L.jpg The lateral lemniscus, colliculi and inferior quadrigeminal brachium have been removed. The medial lemniscus has been exposed through its course from its emergence from the trapezoid body in the pons to the point where it approaches the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus. The brachium conjunctivum is seen as it approaches the point of its decussation but the decussation itself is not shown. However, a considerable bundle of fibers (11) appears to continue toward the ipsilateral thalamus. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Cerebral aqueduct, tegmentum of mesencephalon and medial lemniscus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.001.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Deep layer of extensor muscles, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.003.L.jpg The splenius muscles have been cut away and the fascia completely removed from the semispinalis muscles. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Semispinalis capitis and cervicis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.002.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Relation of deep branch of radial nerve to deep extensor muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.002.L.jpg The muscles have been cut from their spinal origins (the splenius capitis muscle also cut near its cranial insertion) and reflected laterally. A portion of the fascia which covered the deep surface of the splenius capitis muscle has been preserved. The fascia (15) of the semispinalis capitis muscle (16) has been retained only in a small area. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Nerve supply to left splenius capitis and cervicis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.001.L.jpg The left rhomboid muscles have been removed and the serratus posterior superior muscle (5) reflected laterally. The left scapula has been pulled laterally. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Left splenius capitis and cervicis muscles; origin of levator scapulae muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.005.L.jpg Several branches of the artery have been cut off. These supplied the extensor muscles shown in previous views. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Recurrent radial artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.007.L.jpg The left trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles have been removed. The rhomboideus major and minor muscles have been divided. The fascia of the splenius capitis muscle has been cut away with the exception of a band (6) which has been retained across the inferior part of the muscle. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Splenius capitis and levator scapulae muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.006.L.jpg The superficial lamina of the supinator has been detached from its origin and reflected upward. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to supinator muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.006.L.jpg The dissected area to the left of the midline has not been altered from the previous view. On the right side the skin and tela subcutanea have been removed and the fascia cut away from the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Fascia colli; cervical part of trapezius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.003.L.jpg A lateral expansion of the tendon of insertion of the triceps muscle which covered the anconeus has been partially cut away. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Anconeus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.005.L.jpg The skin has been removed and superficial nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic structures dissected on the left side. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Superficial structures; fascia colli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.004.L.jpg The anconeus (5) has been cut from its origin and reflected downward. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to anconeus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.004.L.jpg The longus colli, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis and some of the intertransverse muscles have been cut away. In addition, the transverse processes of the atlas, epistropheus and fifth cervical vertebra have been cut so that the course of the vertebral artery (17) is visible. The artery did not pass through the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra in this specimen. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Vertebral artery; gray communicating rami of cervical sympathetic trunk, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.001.L.jpg The muscle has been retracted downward. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to extensor digitorum communis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.003.L.jpg The longus capitis muscle has been resected close to its origins (15) from the transverse processes of the third to the sixth cervical vertebrae and also close to its insertion (1) into the occipital bone. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Prevertebral muscles (continued), left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.002.L.jpg The muscle has been detached and retracted dorsally. The specimen has been turned so that the radial border of the forearm lies in the foreground of the view. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.002.L.jpg The tongue has been removed and the pharynx and palate have been sectioned near the midline. The prevertebral fascia has been cut away to the left of the midline. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Cervical sympathetic trunk; vagus nerve; prevertebral muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.006.L.jpg The muscle has been cut from its origin and pulled downward. The brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles have been removed. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to extensor carpi ulnaris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=78-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0078.001.L.jpg The left wall of the pharynx has been resected in such a way that the soft palate and left pharyngopalatine arch (20) are preserved. The left glossopalatine arch (15) has been divided and the ends separated. The lateral (attached) surface of the left palatine tonsil (23) is exposed. The hyoid bone has been resected to the midline and the epiglottic cartilage exposed. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx; relation to oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of pharynx, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=106-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0106.007.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to extensor digiti quinti proprius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=77-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0077.007.L.jpg The external part of the thyroarytenoid muscle has been removed and the internal part (vocal muscle) retained. Dissection of anterior and lateral regions of neck. Larynx; vocal cord and vocal muscle; lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles; left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=107-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0107.007.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to deep lamina of supinator muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.005.L.jpg The extensor tendons have been cut away and the dorsal interosseous fascia has been removed. A small part of the third dorsal interosseous muscle passes obliquely across the intermetacarpal space to insert on the shaft of the third metacarpal. The first dorsal interosseous muscle has a similar arrangement. Dorsal aspect of hand. Dorsal interosseous muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.007.L.jpg Parts of the left hemisphere adjacent to the central sulcus are further resected nearly to the lateral fissure. The arched course of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (9) can be seen lateral to the corona radiata (7). Posteriorly, as this fasciculus curves sharply downward into the temporal lobe, another wide band of fibers emerges (11) from under its cover and courses toward the occipital lobe. This latter consists in part of the visual radiation (geniculocalcarine tract) and in part of fibers of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus. These systems of fibers join the occipital radiations of the internal capsule and corpus callosum. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Superior longitudinal fasciculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.006.L.jpg The specimen has been turned so that the lateral (radial) border of the wrist is in the foreground. The cephalic vein (3, 7) has been cut to display the course of the superficial branch of the radial nerve. Dorsal aspect of hand. Superficial branch of radial nerve at wrist, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.006.L.jpg The area of the dissection has been generally widened. The cingulum (3) has been divided and its central portion taken away. Between the cut ends of the cingulum the upper surface of the corpus callosum is exposed and the continuity of its fibers into the corona radiata (6) clearly seen. The medial and lateral longitudinal striae, portions of the olfactory system, are visible as small longitudinal bands lying on the corpus callosum. In the occipital region the cuneus, which lies above the calcarine fissure, has been partly removed so that the calcarine fissure and branches of the posterior cerebral artery are exposed. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Corpus callosum and corona radiata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.005.L.jpg The cortex of the gyrus cinguli has now been scraped away to display the medullary substance which includes the cingulum, a large bundle of association fibers running longitudinally. The upper surface of the corpus callosum is partly exposed, its vessels and meninges remaining intact. Portions of the corona radiata are visible as cut ends of fibers projecting upward. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Cingulum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.004.L.jpg The ligament has been cut to expose the tendons lying within the various compartments. The synovial sheaths of these tendons have been opened. The proximal and distal limits of these sheaths are not sharply defined on all of the tendons. Dorsal aspect of hand. Compartments for extensor tendons deep to dorsal carpal ligament https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.004.L.jpg Medial portions of the left hemisphere have been removed to reveal systems of fibers in the medullary substance. In addition to short association fibers (arcuate fibers) the broken ends of longer association fibers and projection fibers are seen extending upward into the field of dissection. The sulcus cinguli (6), which contains a branch of the anterior cerebral artery, has been exposed to its depth by the removal of part of the left superior frontal gyrus, the medial portions of the precentral and postcentral gyri and the paracentral lobule (of the medial aspect of the hemisphere). The upper surface of the gyrus cinguli is thus exposed. Further posteriorly resection of the superior parietal lobule and precuneus has exposed the depths of the left parieto-occipital fissure and its contained branches of the posterior cerebral artery. The dissected area extends laterally to the interparietal sulcus and superior frontal sulcus. Comparison should be made with the intact right hemisphere. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Gyrus cinguli; medullary substance of superior frontal gyrus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.002.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of hand. Superficial nerves and vessels of right hand, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.002.L.jpg The vertebral arches have been cut away with the exception of the left half of the second lumbar arch and spine (16). This spine serves as a landmark in the close-up studies of the lumbar region which follow (219-5,219-6,219-7)and is a guide to the location of the termination of the spinal cord. Cervical meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. General view of spinal cord in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.003.L.jpg The investing layer of deep fascia has been removed from the back of the hand with the exception of two bands (4) which are distinctly heavier than the other areas of the fascia. The proximal one of these bands is continuous with the dorsal carpal ligament. Dorsal aspect of hand. Extensor tendons, close-up view of right hand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.003.L.jpg The dura has been exposed by removing part of the occipital bone and the arches of the upper five cervical vertebrae. The cranial dura mater is continuous through the foramen magnum (15) with that which covers the spinal cord. The spinal dura is separated from the wall of the vertebral canal by the epidural space which contains fat and plexiform veins. In the cervical region this space is narrow and the veins are small. Below the foramen magnum the dura is fused with the posterior atlantooccipital membrane (16) so that above the level of the atlas no epidural space is present. Cervical meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Dura mater in cervical region and in posterior cranial fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.003.L.jpg The meninges and vessels have been removed from the right hemisphere to demonstrate the configuration of cortical gyri and sulci to better advantage. On the left side the arachnoid membrane is intact except near the midline. Many branches of the middle cerebral artery ramify over the lateral surface of the left hemisphere and those of the posterior cerebral artery are seen posteriorly. Several branches of the anterior cerebral artery are visible medially and anteriorly (2). The larger superior cerebral veins which have been cut off at points of entry into venous lacunae of the dura were filled with blue latex by retrograde injection. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. General surface view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.007.L.jpg The antibrachial fascia and the dorsal fascia of the hand have been removed. The dorsal carpal ligament remains in place. Dorsal aspect of hand. Superficial nerves and vessels of right hand, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.007.L.jpg Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Intervertebral joints; vertebral arches and ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.002.L.jpg The corpus callosum has been cut away to expose its genu. The cingulum and gyrus cinguli have been dissected so that the course of the anterior cerebral arteries may be followed in the longitudinal fissure. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Course of anterior cerebral arteries around genu of corpus callosum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=109-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0109.001.L.jpg The specimen has been turned so that the medial border of the forearm and hand is in the foreground. Dorsal aspect of hand. Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve, medial view of right hand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.001.L.jpg The arches of the third, fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae have been divided. The cavities of the superior and inferior (12) intervertebral joints of the third cervical vertebra have been opened. Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Intervertebral joints opened; ligamenta flava https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=8-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0008.001.L.jpg The radiating fibers of the corpus callosum have been exposed by removal of the ependymal lining of the roof of the lateral ventricle. The junction of callosal fibers with those of the internal capsule (4) to form the corona radiata is seen from below. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Corpus callosum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.005.L.jpg The deep extensor muscles have been cut and reflected. The compartment for the common extensor tendons deep to the dorsal carpal ligament has been dissected to display the terminal articular branches of the dorsal interosseous nerve. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Dorsal interosseous nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.005.L.jpg The semispinalis capitis muscle has been reflected laterally. Dense fibrous connective tissue and fat have been removed from beneath the muscle. Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Suboccipital muscles; semispinalis cervicis muscle; nerve supply to semispinalis capitis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.007.L.jpg Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Intervertebral joints; vertebral arches and ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.006.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Origins of deep layer of extensor muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.006.L.jpg Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Suboccipital muscles; suboccipital triangle, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.006.L.jpg Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Nerve supply to left suboccipital muscles, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.003.L.jpg The muscles have been dissected to demonstrate the intramuscular course of branches of the deep branch of the radial nerve. Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis proprius muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.005.L.jpg The semispinalis capitis muscle has been reflected laterally. Dense fibrous connective tissue and fat have been removed from beneath the muscle. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Suboccipital muscles; semispinalis cervicis muscle; nerve supply to semispinalis capitis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=108-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0108.004.L.jpg Dorsal aspect of right forearm. Nerve supply to extensor pollicis brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.004.L.jpg The splenius muscles have been cut away and the fascia has been completely removed from the semispinalis muscles. Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=79-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0079.004.L.jpg The muscle (9) has been reflected laterally. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Nerve supply to longissimus capitis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.006.L.jpg The spinal cord has been divided between the roots of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. The arches of the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae have been cut away to expose the roots, ganglion and dorsal ramus of the fifth cervical nerve. A branch of the right vertebral artery supplies the dura mater (17) and additional branches pass to the spinal cord with the dorsal and ventral roots. Cervical meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Cervical spinal cord and nerve roots in relation to meninges, close-up view of fifth cervical nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.004.L.jpg The dura has been cut away so that the transparent arachnoid membrane is exposed. The subarachnoid space increases in volume above the level of the second cervical dorsal roots forming part of the cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna). Cervical meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Dura mater in cervical region and in posterior cranial fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=217-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0217.005.L.jpg The arachnoid membrane has been cut away to expose the cervical part of the spinal cord in situ. The small nodules located along the spinal roots of the accessory nerves (19) were identified microscopically as fibromata. Cervical meninges, spinal cord and nerve roots dissected from behind. Cervical spinal cord and denticulate ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.004.L.jpg The right cerebellar tonsil has been removed from this specimen without disturbing the meninges related to its inner surfaces. The tela chorioidea (11) forms the posterior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle and borders a large opening inferiorly, the foramen of Magendie, which forms the communication between the ventricle and the cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna). Two folds of choroid plexus which lie in the roof of the ventricle can be seen through the foramen. The right posterior inferior cerebellar artery is incompletely filled with red latex. The Posterior inferior aspect of the cerebellum and brain stem. Foramen of Magendie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.005.L.jpg On the right side the tonsil has been removed. The restiform body and brachium pontis have also been cut away. The passage of the trunk of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery between the uvula (of the vermis) and the tonsil is demonstrated. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is in close relation to the artery from which branches pass to the choroid plexus. This dissection reveals the nidus avis cerebelli. The Posterior inferior aspect of the cerebellum and brain stem. Course of posterior inferior cerebellar artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.002.L.jpg The medulla and pons have been dissected to a deeper level on the right side. The medial lemniscus can be traced from its origin in the decussation of the medial lemniscus (20) upward through the medulla as a vertical band near the midline (19). In the pons this band becomes flattened and displaced laterally and is interwoven with the transverse fibers of the trapezoid body (16) which cross the midline. Above this the lemniscus gradually comes to lie in a more lateral position (13). Exploration of the cerebellum from above and behind. Medial lemniscus within medulla and pons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.003.L.jpg The meninges and vessels have been removed and the deeper sulci of the posterosuperior aspect of the cerebellum opened to emphasize their positions. The view particularly demonstrates the continuity of lateral parts of the cerebellum with the lobules of the vermis. Exploration of the cerebellum from above and behind. Lobules and sulci of posterior and superior aspects of cerebellum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.001.L.jpg The floor of the rhomboid fossa has been dissected on the right side to expose the internal genu of the facial nerve (12) which passes around the nucleus of the abducens nerve (13). The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (15) has been divided to expose the root of the facial nerve (14) as it continues toward the point of exit of the facial nerve (16) behind the brachium pontis. Exploration of the cerebellum from above and behind. Internal genu of facial nerve, nucleus of abducens nerve and tractus solitarius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.006.L.jpg After more of the cerebellar hemisphere has been removed the flocculus and choroid plexus of the lateral recess can be seen extending down and lateral to the restiform body. The lateral recess of the ventricle has not been entirely opened, the thin tela chorioidea enclosing that part which extends alongside the flocculus. The small arteries ramifying upon the flocculus are derived from the posterior inferior and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries which anastomose in this area. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and behind. Rhomboid fossa and its right lateral recess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.007.L.jpg On the right side the cerebellar peduncles have been divided and the remainder of the hemisphere removed. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and behind. Relations of cerebellar peduncles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.004.L.jpg Anteriorly the lingula and anterior medullary velum are cut away and posteriorly the cerebellar tonsils removed. The tela chorioidea and choroid plexus of the roof of the fourth ventricle are exposed. These structures obscure the inferior and intermediate portions of the rhomboid fossa (floor of the ventricle). The superior part of the fossa is visible through the opening cut between the brachia conjunctiva. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and behind. Tela chorioidea and fourth ventricle; foramen of Magendie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.005.L.jpg The tela chorioidea has been removed and the posterior parts of the cerebellum resected so that the floor of the fourth ventricle (the rhomboid fossa) can be seen. This fossa is divided into superior, intermediate and inferior areas which are not labelled in the drawing. The lateral recess lies opposite the intermediate area. Although the position of the obex (10) is indicated, no evident thickening of the pia mater was present in this specimen. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and behind. Rhomboid fossa of fourth ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.002.L.jpg The plane of section is parallel to the rhomboid fossa. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and behind. Section through central nuclei of cerebellum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.003.L.jpg The lobulus centralis has been cut away to display the lingula (11). The terminal portion of the ventral spinocerebellar tract is visible on the right side in its ascending course across the brachium conjunctivum. Note the pigmentation of the meninges which have been left intact over the left brachium conjunctivum. Posteriorly the uvula and nodulus of the vermis have been removed. Below these the roof of the fourth ventricle is thin (tela chorioidea) and contains two folds of choroid plexus. The cavity of the ventricle (16) is seen through a tear in this membrane. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and behind. Lingula and anterior medullary velum; tela chorioidea of fourth ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.001.L.jpg The midline representations of the lobular divisions of the cerebellum are visible in this section which cuts through the vermis. The third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle are demonstrated. Little detail is evident in the tegmentum of the medulla, pons and mesencephalon because the cut passes through the raphe. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from the medial aspect. Midsagittal section https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.002.L.jpg The wall of the cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle has been scraped away and much of the tegmentum of the mesencephalon removed to reveal the course of the brachium conjunctivum to its decussation (4). Dissection of the basal part of the pons shows the longitudinal course of corticopontine and corticospinal fibers. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from the medial aspect. Brachium conjunctivum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.006.L.jpg The biventral lobule has been stripped away and the pyramis completely removed to expose the surface of the lobulus gracilis which faces the prepyramidal fissure. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Lobulus gracilis viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.007.L.jpg The dissected area has been extended upward by removing the lobulus gracilis and the inferior semilunar lobule. The entire length of the horizontal sulcus is exposed, from its shallow midline groove betwen the folium (13) and tuber vermis, to its lateral termination along the outer surface of the brachium pontis (6). The arteries within the sulcus are derived from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. On the upper surface of the cerebellum small branches of these arteries communicate with branches of the superior cerebellar artery. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Lobulus semilunaris superior viewed from below; horizontal sulcus of cerebellum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.004.L.jpg The lateral part of the tonsil has been removed. The biventral lobule is now exposed as it opposed the tonsil across the postpyramidal fissure (secondary fissure). Two major masses of fibers (5, 6) have been cut off as they entered the tonsil from the deep parts of the cerebellum. The more medial of these was previously followed into the uvula. The more lateral group of fibers is continuous medially into folia which join the pyramis. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Tonsil removed; continuation of its medullary substance into pyramis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.005.L.jpg The inferior half of the pyramis has been cut away and its remaining part reflected downward. The prepyramidal fissure is thus revealed. The folia of the upper aspect of the pyramis (15) can be traced laterally into the biventral lobule (3). The lobulus gracilis (2) extends medially deep within the prepyramidal fissure to become continuous with the deepest folia of the tuber on the superior wall of the fissure. Folia of the inferior semilunar lobule (1) all converge medially to become continuous with the remaining folia of the tuber (11). Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Relations of folia of pyramis and tuber vermis to lateral parts of cerebellar hemisphere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.003.L.jpg The peduncle of the flocculus can be traced upward in the lateral wall of the ventricle toward the lateral edge of the nodulus. Fibers from the peduncle are also seen to arch over the restiform body and pass toward the mesencephalon in the tegmentum of the pons (12). The broken ends of fibers (3) which entered the tonsil form a crescentic ridge which can be traced upward to the point of attachment of the uvula to the medullary center of the cerebellum. The main trunk of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery has been entirely cut away. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Continuity of medullary center of tonsil with uvula; peduncle of flocculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.001.L.jpg The branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery between the vermis and the tonsil are demonstrated. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Uvula removed; tonsil exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=26-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0026.002.L.jpg A portion of the tonsil has been torn away to expose the relations of the flocculus, its peduncle, the lateral recess of the ventricle and the restiform body. A segment of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery has been cut away. Its distal cut end is partially hidden by the nodulus. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Posterior medullary velum; posterolateral fissure; peduncle of flocculus partially exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.006.L.jpg The posterior part of the cerebellum has been removed to reveal the tela chorioidea, choroid plexus and choroidal arteries of the roof of the fourth ventricle. The lateral recess (10) of the ventricle can be seen through an opening in its roof. The Posterior inferior aspect of the cerebellum and brain stem. Choroidal branches of posterior inferior cerebellar artery and choroid plexus of fourth ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=25-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0025.007.L.jpg The medulla has been removed by a transverse cut made near its junction with the pons. The tela chorioidea of the lateral recess has been incised and the edges turned back to expose the entire extent of this part of the fourth ventricle. Exploration of the left half of the cerebellum and brain stem from its inferior and medial aspect. Lateral recess of fourth ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.003.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.003.L.jpg The left hip bone,the psoas major and the quadratus lumborum muscles have been removed. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Lumbar region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.004.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.004.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view has been turned to expose the left lateral aspect of the vertebral column. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Lumbar region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.001.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated thoracic vertebrae, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.002.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated thoracic vertebrae, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.002.L.jpg The left quadratus lumborum muscle (20) has been exposed. The muscle has been dissected to trace incoming branches from the lumbar nerves that supply it. The psoas major has been detached from its spinal origins but has not been deflected. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Lumbar region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.006.L.jpg Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of distal third of hand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.007.L.jpg The capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joints are cut in this section, which passes across the heads of the second to fifth metacarpal bones. Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of hand near bases of fingers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.007.L.jpg anterior longitudinal ligament sympathetic trunks Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Thoracic region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.001.L.jpg Parts of the lumbar vertebrae and the body of the sacrum have been cut away to expose the lower end of the dural sac. The entire iliopsoas muscle has been uncovered by removing surrounding soft tissues. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Lumbar region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.005.L.jpg The flexor tendons and the interosseous, hypothenar and lumbrical muscles have been removed to a depth of 5 mm. from the surface of the section to illustrate synovial sheaths and fascial planes. Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of middle third of hand, partially dissected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.005.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been turned to expose its left anterolateral aspect in this close-up view of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar part of the spine. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Thoracic region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.006.L.jpg The left tenth rib has been removed from the specimen with care to preserve the ligaments, joint capsules and articular surfaces of the costovertebral articulations. The view is directed inward from in front and to the left. Other dissections of the costotransverse joint are shown in views 214-4 and 219-1. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Thoracic region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.003.L.jpg Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of right wrist https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.003.L.jpg The longus coli, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, and some of the cervical intertransverse muscles have been cut away. In addition, the transverse processes of the atlas, the axis, and the fifth cervical vertebra have been cut so that the course of the vertebral artery (17) is visible. The artery did not pass through the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra in this specimen. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Cervical region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.004.L.jpg Interosseous and hypothenar muscles have been removed to a depth of 5 mm. on the proximal section to illustrate the interosseous and hypothenar fasciae and the various septa which extend to the metacarpal bones. The flexor tendons to the middle finger (15) have also been removed from the proximal section to display the synovial sheath which encloses them. The "mid-palmar space", a cleft-like region of delicate connective tissue deep to the flexor tendons and lumbrical muscles, has been spread open at 14. A single, dense, fibrous septum (2) extends from the palmar aponeurosis to the volar interosseous fascia lateral to the second lumbrical. This separates the flexor tendons and lumbrical of the index finger from the remaining tendons and lumbricals. The "mid-palmar space" is thus interrupted by this septum. A similar space, or cleft, lateral to this septum has been designated as the "thenar space". This cleft can be traced around the distal margin of the adductor pollicis to the area between the adductor and the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Other septa similar to the one described (2) appear more distally in the palm. These separate the remaining tendons and lumbricals from each other as they approach the fingers. Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of proximal third of hand, partially dissected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.004.L.jpg In this specimen the thoracic viscera have been removed and the azygos system of veins has been dissected to show the relation of its parts to the intercostal arteries and nerves, the sympathetic trunks and the vertebral columns and ribs. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Thoracic region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.001.L.jpg Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of distal part of right forearm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.001.L.jpg The left half of the head has been previously dissected in connection with the anatomy of the head and neck .In this view, in which the tongue has been removed and the wall of the pharynx has been sectioned close to the midline, the cervical sympathetic trunk and the prevertebral muscles are visible in situ. The prevertebral layer of the cervical fascia has been removed to the left of the midline. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Cervical region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=112-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0112.002.L.jpg The synovial sheaths within the carpal canal are so closely applied to the tendons that the serous spaces are not visible. The sheath common to the flexor digitorum sublimis and flexor digitorum profundus has a broad mesotendon in the midpart of the carpal canal. The location of this mesotendon is marked by an asterisk on the drawing. Synovial spaces are present on both sides of the mesotendon but are more extensive medially. Sections of forearm and hand. Transverse section of right wrist https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=220-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0220.002.L.jpg The longus capitis muscle has been divided close to its origins (15) from the transverse processes of the third to the sixth cervical vertebrae and also at its insertion (1) into the occipital bone. The removal of the belly of this muscle has exposed the longus colli muscle (13) and the anterior arch of the atlas (9). Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Cervical region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.007.L.jpg The medulla has been sectioned through decussation of the pyramids. The arachnoid membrane enclosing the cisterna magna has been cut away to reveal parts of the vermis (9). All of the arterial branches spreading over the cerebellar surface in this view are derived from the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries. The Surfaces of the cerebellum and brain stem. Posterior inferior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=24-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0024.001.L.jpg The meninges and arteries have been removed from the right cerebellar hemisphere. The cerebral hemisphere, corpus callosum and the fornix are cut away from the upper part of the specimen. The Surfaces of the cerebellum and brain stem. Superior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.005.L.jpg The specimen seen in the previous view is now turned to reveal its basal surfaces. The vertebral and basilar arteries have been cut away so that the pons and medulla are more completely visualized. The Surfaces of the cerebellum and brain stem. Inferior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.006.L.jpg The brain stem has been cut transversely through the mesencephalon. The right cerebellar hemisphere has been stripped of meninges and vessels to expose the pattern of cerebellar folia and sulci. The basilar artery has been removed, but the cut ends of pontine and mesencephalic branches as well as the superior cerebellar arteries have been left. The Surfaces of the cerebellum and brain stem. Anterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.004.L.jpg The cerebral hemispheres have been cut away. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery on the left arises from the basilar artery instead of the vertebral as is usually the case. The Surfaces of the cerebellum and brain stem. Lateral aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.002.L.jpg The substantia nigra has been scraped out. The subthalamic nucleus (nucleus hypothalamicus) (6) remains in place on the upper surface of the internal capsule just anterior to the location of the substantia nigra and is visible in the depths of the view. Fibers of the thalamic fasciculus (H 1 field of Forel) approaching the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus form the bundle (5) coursing above the subthalamic nucleus. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Subthalamic nucleus, thalamic fasciculus and cerebral peduncle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.003.L.jpg The thalamus has now been almost completely removed, the anterior and medial portion being all that remains. The subthalamic nucleus is left in place. Fibers of the ansa lenticularis (5) lie above this nucleus and pass laterally toward the ventral lateral nucleus (now removed) and ventral anterior nucleus (removed). The mass of fibers which forms the posterior stalk of the thalamus is visible in the lateral and posterior wall of the thalamic dissection. The fasciculus retroflexus is exposed farther ventrally toward the interpeduncular fossa. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Ansa lenticularis and internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.007.L.jpg artery Manubrium of sternum B. Body of sternum C. Xiphoid process Osteology. Sternum, right anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.007.L.jpg The lower part of the dissection illustrated in the previous view is shown in this photograph. A plexus formed by the right lateral sacral artery (7) and the middle sacral artery (20) lies anterior to the coccyx. At the level of the endpiece of the coccyx the glomus coccygeum (24) is visible. The sympathetic trunks converge behind the artery slightly below the glomus. No ganglion impar is present, however. Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Coccygeal region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.001.L.jpg The tubercle for the scalenus anterior muscle and the groove for the subclavian artery are not clearly demarcated on the first rib. The relations of this muscle and artery to the rib are shown in 127-3. Osteology. First, third, and eighth ribs of right side viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=23-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0023.001.L.jpg The right brachium conjunctivum has been cut away nearly to its decussation. The red nucleus has been partially removed and the continuation of the dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway into the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus is visible. Just above the red nucleus these fibers lie in the tegmental field (H field of Forel) and above this is the fasciculus thalamicus (H 1 field of Forel). Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway; substantia nigra; lateral geniculate body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.005.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.005.L.jpg The right hip bone has been removed. The contents of the pelvic cavity have been removed or retracted to expose the pelvic surface of the sacrum, the sacral sympathetic trunks and the blood vessels of the sacrum Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Sacral region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=113-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0113.006.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=221-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0221.006.L.jpg lumbosacral part of vertebral canal,opened and viewed from in front Dissection of anterior aspect of vertebral column. Sacral region. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.005.L.jpg The internal pudendal artery has been divided and removed, together with the artery of the bulb, to reveal more completely the muscles within the deep perineal space. The proximal part of the spongy urethra (4) has been opened. Male external genitalia and perineum. Deep perineal space (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.006.L.jpg The bulbourethral gland has been excised and the muscles of the deep perineal space have been dissected to expose their nerve supply. The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm lies in the background of the dissected area. Male external genitalia and perineum. Deep perineal space (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.003.L.jpg The left half of the penile bulb has been opened and cleared of trabeculated erectile tissue. The area of attachment of the bulb to the urogenital diaphragm (9) has been preserved with the artery of the bulb passing through it. The duct of the bulbourethral gland (5) has been dissected from the point at which it emerges from the urogenital diaphragm to its site of penetration of the urethral wall, a distance of approximately two centimeters. The deep perineal space, located between the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm, has been opened by the partial resection of the perineal membrane. Male external genitalia and perineum. Bulb of penis and deep perineal space; artery of bulb and duct of bulbourethral gland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.004.L.jpg The contents of the deep perineal space or pouch have been dissected. A thin layer of muscle that lay superficial to the bulbourethral gland (9) has been cut away and the gland has been freed of connective tissue. Male external genitalia and perineum. Deep perineal space; bulbourethral gland and duct in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.002.L.jpg The terminal part of the urethra has been opened to display the dilated navicular fossa within the glans penis. The glans has been separated from the blunt, terminal parts of the corpora cavernosa. Male external genitalia and perineum. Navicular fossa within distal part of urethra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.007.L.jpg The left crus has been cut off and the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm has been removed to display the course of blood vessels and nerves supplying the left half of the penis. Male external genitalia and perineum. Blood vessels and nerves of penis, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.001.L.jpg The left crus (15) has been cut off about at its junction with the right crus. The bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles of the right side have been preserved. Male external genitalia and perineum. General view of urethral aspect of penis with fascia removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.005.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view has been turned to expose the left side of the penis. The suspensory ligament (1) is continuous inferiorly with the deep fascia of the penis. It also receives parts of the insertions of the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles (18). The thick tunica albuginea of the left crus of the penis has been removed to reveal the erectile tissue of the crus. Male external genitalia and perineum. Suspensory ligament of penis, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.006.L.jpg The penis has been stripped of its fascial layers. The corpus spongiosum has been slightly separated from the corpora cavernosa. Male external genitalia and perineum. Penis, fascia removed, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.003.L.jpg The left crus of the penis has been retracted. The cavernous tissue of the crus has been exposed by removing a portion of the tunica albuginea. Male external genitalia and perineum. Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm; deep and dorsal arteries of penis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.004.L.jpg The optic chiasm and hypothalamus have been sectioned in the mid-sagittal plane. The arachnoid membrane has been cleared from the area in which the infundibulum (19) extends downward through the diaphragma sellae (20). Several subarachnoid cisterns are visible. The interpeduncular cistern lies posterior to (to the right of) the infundibulum, the chiasmatic cistern anterior to (to the left of) the infundibulum and the cistern of the lamina terminalis above the anterior cerebral artery (1). Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Close-up view of diaphragma sellae and infundibulum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.004.L.jpg The superficial and deep fascial layers have been reflected from the dorsal surface of the penis. The fundiform ligament has been removed to expose the suspensory ligament and to demonstrate the relations of nerves and arteries to the latter. Male external genitalia and perineum. Blood vessels and nerves of dorsum of penis; suspensory ligament of penis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.005.L.jpg The left half of the tentorium cerebelli has been removed by cutting it away from the venous sinuses which lie within its attached margins. The superior surface of the cerebellum, still covered by its arachnoid membrane, is brought into view. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Superior surface of cerebellum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.002.L.jpg The anterior limb (15) of the anterior commissure is seen in this view as it diverges from the posterior limb and approaches the olfactory trigone (5). The gyrus rectus (9) has been cut away to expose the olfactory tract (7) in its normal position within the olfactory sulcus. The cut end of the anterior commissure is in the midline. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Anterior limb of anterior commissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.003.L.jpg The radiation of the corpus callosum has been made visible by the removal of tissue from the medial surface of the hemisphere including the cingulum, gyrus cinguli, paracentral lobule, and parts of the superior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule. The parieto-occipital fissure bounds the dissected area posteriorly. In the dissection there is a complex interlacing of the radiations of the corpus callosum and internal capsule together with the fibers of numerous association systems. This makes it impossible to display the course of most of the fiber bundles comprising the corona radiata. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Radiation of corpus callosum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.007.L.jpg Attention is focused in this close-up photograph on the central part of the specimen that is shown in the preceding view. Of particular interest is the relation of the pelvic plexus (20) to the ureter (17), bladder (10), prostate (25) and rectum (22). Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Pelvic organs in situ, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.001.L.jpg The head and body of the caudate nucleus have been scraped away to demonstrate discret bundles of fibers in the internal capsule. The majority of these medially located fibers appear to extend upward from the thalamic region and turn anteriorly to form the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus located just beneath the corpus callosum. This commonly used name for this association bundle is apparently a misnomer inasmuch as none of the fibers appear related to structures in the occipital region. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Internal capsule lateral to caudate nucleus; superior occipitofrontal fasciculus; substantia nigra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.005.L.jpg The central area of the specimen shown in the previous photograph is viewed here to display in more detail the structures that lie immediately adjacent to the ureterovesical junction. The smooth muscle and fibrous tissue that surrounds the pelvic plexus and forms the lateral ligament of the bladder has been preserved. Areolar tissue has been removed from other parts of the specimen. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Close-up view of ureterovesical junction https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.006.L.jpg The left coxal bone has been removed from the specimen. The pelvic peritoneum has been retained and the structures that lie external and below the peritoneum have been exposed in situ by removing pelvic fascia. A close-up view of the central part of the dissected area is shown in the following view. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. General view of pelvic contents with hip bone removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.004.L.jpg The opening into the pelvis has been somewhat enlarged by the removal of more of the pubic and ischial bones and a small part of the body of the ilium. The obturator fascia has been cut away and the pelvic diaphragm has been split and reflected. Areolar connective tissue has been stripped from the underlying vessels and nerves. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. General view of pelvic contents in situ, pelvic diaphragm reflected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.002.L.jpg The internal pudendal artery has been divided and removed. The urogenital diaphragm has been retracted downward to expose the anterior border of the levator ani muscle. The manner in which the fibers or origin of the levator ani muscle blend with the obturator fascia (4) along the lateral pelvic wall may be observed in this specimen. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Relation of pelvic diaphragm to urogenital diaphragm and sphincter ani externus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.003.L.jpg The divisions of the sphincter ani externus are not as distinct in this specimen as they are in the preparation shown in view 159-6. The relation of parts of the levator ani muscle to the sphincter ani externus is illustrated here and is also shown in 171-4 after the wall of the anal canal has been opened. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Sphincter ani externus, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=168-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0168.007.L.jpg The specimen utilized for the dissection of the perineum has been turned to expose its left side. The musculature of the hip has been resected and parts of the ischium and pubis have been removed. The obturator membrane and obturator internus muscle have been excised. The inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm (anal fascia) has been removed so that the levator ani muscle (30) is visible. A portion of the urogenital diaphragm (31) has been retained for purposes of orientation and the internal pudendal artery (28) remains approximately in its original position. The pudendal nerve (22) has been divided and that part of the nerve which extended from the ischial spine to the urogenital diaphragm has been removed. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Left lateral view of pelvis with pelvic diaphragm exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=169-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0169.001.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view is seen here in a close-up photograph of the lower area of the dissection. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Pelvic diaphragm, close-up view of left side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.004.L.jpg The line along which the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis testis reflects onto the epididymis and testis to become the visceral layer may be traced in this view of the testis seen from above. Male external genitalia and perineum. Testis and epididymis viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.005.L.jpg This view is at right angles to the two previous ones, and the midline of the brain stem is now at the bottom of the view. The flocculus has been removed and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery turned medially together with the choroid plexus previously seen. One principal choroidal artery and several small vessels are thus exposed in their course into the plexus. In the depths of the dissection the peduncle of the flocculus is visible. The bulbar roots of Nn. IX, X, and XI have been cut away. Exploration of the basal aspects of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Arteries supplying choroid plexus of lateral recess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.005.L.jpg The various structures which pass within the spermatic cord to the right testis have been dissected and separated. The testicle has been rotated to expose its posterior aspect. The coverings of the cord (5) have been incised and reflected. Connective tissue has been removed from the ductus deferens (4) and its associated vessels and nerves. The pampiniform plexus of veins (2) has been cut off at a high level so that the testicular plexus of nerves (3), the testicular (internal spermatic) artery (1), and the ductus deferens (4) with its artery (12) might be displayed. Male external genitalia and perineum. Contents of spermatic cord https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.006.L.jpg The tela chorioidea of an unusual, saccular, lateral recess of the fourth ventricle has been incised and a flap turned downward. Features of the lateral recess are displayed. The veins of the inferior aspect of the pons and cerebellum are injected. The inferior cerebellar veins (15) opened separately into the right superior petrosal sinus. The more posterior of these veins is also seen in reel 25, view 6 (14), as it passes across the posterior surface of the medulla. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (20) formed a loop which passed deep into the internal auditory meatus. The loop has been cut off and the distal continuation of the artery is visible at 16. Exploration of the basal aspects of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Anomalous lateral recess of rhomboid fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.003.L.jpg In this view of the inferior surface of the right half of the brain stem the origins of cranial nerves V-XII are seen in relation to the arteries in the area. Several bulbar rootlets join the ascending spinal root of the accessory nerve. The tuft of choroid plexus (9), visible just lateral to nerves IX and X, protrudes from the lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle. Note the right internal auditory artery (3) arising from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, the left (13) arising from the basilar artery. Disparity in the size of the two vertebral arteries, as seen here, is not uncommon. Numerous small arteries enter the medulla. Pia mater is left intact in most places. A small filament of the glossopharyngeal nerve (7) is displaced across the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Exploration of the basal aspects of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Origins of cranial nerves V-XII https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.003.L.jpg The right half of the scrotal sac has been opened and the testis and spermatic cord have been elevated. The layers of the spermatic cord have been incised and reflected to reveal the testis and epididymis. Male external genitalia and perineum. Testis and epididymis, close-up anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.004.L.jpg The rootlets of nerves IX, X, and XI have been turned medially to expose the lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle from which choroid plexus protrudes. Exploration of the basal aspects of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Foramen of Luschka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.001.L.jpg The peduncle of the flocculus and flocculotegmental fibers seen in the previous view have been cut away to demonstrate other structures beneath the floor of the rhomboid fossa. The locus caeruleus (17) and some fibers of the mesencephalic root of the fifth nerve (19) are visible. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (9) is seen in the floor of the lateral recess. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and to the right. Locus caeruleus, cochlear nucleus and taenia choroidea of fourth ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.002.L.jpg The brachium pontis has been dissected so that the course of the trigeminal nerve is visible. The motor root (17), or portio minor, consists of two or three small bundles which pass through the brachium pontis at a higher level than does the sensory root, or portio major (8). The division of the latter into a mesencephalic root (12) and a spinal tract (5) is demonstrated. Note that the spinal tract passes above the course of the facial nerve (7) and deep to the incoming fibers of the vestibular nerve (6). Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and to the right. Course of trigeminal nerve within brain stem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.007.L.jpg The right cerebellar hemisphere has been cut away so that the relations of its three peduncles are visible. The rhomboid fossa, which forms the floor of the fourth ventricle, has been widely exposed. The ependymal lining of the floor of the ventricle has been cut away except for a small island over the facial colliculus (6). The pigmentation of the locus caeruleus (17) is visible as it extends toward the mesencephalon. The peduncle of the flocculus (11) projects upward from behind the brachium pontis and is broken off. Fibers diverging from the peduncle form a bundle (10) which ascends towards the mesencephalon below the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and to the right. Cerebellar peduncles, rhomboid fossa, peduncle of flocculus and flocculotegmental fibers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.005.L.jpg On the right side of the lingula, central lobule, quadrangular lobule and part of the superior semilunar lobule have been removed so that the brachium conjunctivum and brachium pontis are visible. The brain stem is sectioned at the junction of pons and mesencephalon. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and to the right. Brachium pontis exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.006.L.jpg The white matter of the cerebellum has been peeled away so that the capsule of the dentate nucleus (6) is visible and some of the gray convolutions of the nucleus exposed (5). The right side of the anterior medullary velum (13) is turned medially and the brachium conjunctivum (14) more fully exposed. The lateral lemniscus and the uncinate bundle of Russell are both visible as they cross the brachium conjunctivum. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from above and to the right. Dentate nucleus, brachium conjunctivum, uncinate bundle (of Russell) and lateral lemniscus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.003.L.jpg The brachium conjunctivum has been partly removed and the tegmentum of the mesencephalon further dissected. The pigmented border of the substantia nigra (8) remains, but much of this nucleus was scraped away to demonstrate the cerebral peduncle (7). From the lower border of the substantia nigra white fibrous tissue appears to continue into the tegmentum of the pons. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from the medial aspect. Lateral lemniscus; medial lemniscus; course of trigeminal nerve through pons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=27-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0027.004.L.jpg The dissection illustrates the manner in which systems of fibers connect the cerebellar cortex with subjacent structures, either as corticofugal fibers passing toward the dentate nucleus (2) or as corticopetal fibers ascending from the restiform body and brachium pontis. Exploration of the cerebellum and brain stem from the medial aspect. Medullary substance of cerebellar hemisphere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.001.L.jpg The left bulbospongiosus muscle has been reflected to expose the underlying corpus spongiosum and its posterior enlargement into the bulb of the penis. The inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (11) is visible in the deep part of the dissection. Male external genitalia and perineum. Bulb of penis, left bulbospongiosus muscle reflected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.002.L.jpg The brain stem has now been cut across through the rostral part of the mesencephalon, the optic tract removed and the optic chiasm lifted somewhat out of its normal position. Numerous small arterial branches of the posterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries which pass into the hypothalamus and interpeduncular fossa cross the basal cisterns (cisternae chiasmatis et interpeduncularis). Nearly the entire extent of the third ventricle is visible. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Branches of posterior communicating artery within basal cisterns https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=167-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0167.002.L.jpg The left bulbospongiosus muscle has been partially removed. The various insertions of the muscle, anteriorly into the suspensory ligament of the penis (14), onto the deep surface of the corpus spongiosum, and onto the perineal membrane (18), have been preserved. The central tendon of the perineum (6) is exposed in the midline posterior to the bulb of the penis. Transversely directed muscle fibers (10) that extend laterally from the central tendon may represent part of the superficial transverse perineal muscle, although they are seen to turn posteriorly to blend with fascia along the sphincter ani externus muscle. Male external genitalia and perineum. Bulb of penis; central tendon of perineum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.003.L.jpg The tentorium cerebelli has been cut away to reveal the superior surface of the cerebellum and its vessels. The arachnoid remains intact. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Relation of trochlear nerve to superior cerebellar artery and tentorium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.006.L.jpg The ischiocavernosus muscle has been divided posteriorly and spread apart to expose branches of the perineal nerve that supply the muscle. One of these branches terminates in the posterior part of the muscle whereas another branch passes forward to the anterior part of the muscle belly. Posterior scrotal branches of the perineal nerve have been displaced laterally and medially to display the motor branch (21). Male external genitalia and perineum. Nerve supply to ischiocavernosus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.007.L.jpg A slice of tissue 3.5 mm. thick has been removed to expose this surface, cut through the rostral part of the inferior olive. The restiform bodies continue to increase in size as they ascend toward the cerebellum. The lateral recesses of the ventricle extend around the restiform bodies, and the tela chorioidea and roots of the ninth and tenth nerves lie in close relationship here. The cochlear nuclei are visible within the lateral recess on the right and on the cut surface at (18). The sulcus limitans forms a groove in the floor of the ventricle medial to the area acustica (3). Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.007.L.jpg The left bulbospongiosus muscle (2) has been dissected to expose branches of the perineal nerve (13) which ramify within the muscle. In addition, another branch of the perineal nerve (3) passes through the posterior part of the muscle near the midline and emerges superficially to send filaments to join the posterior scrotal nerves shown in earlier photographs. Male external genitalia and perineum. Nerve supply to bulbospongiosus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.001.L.jpg The specimen is viewed from behind and laterally. The left half of the brain stem has been cut across in the subthalamic region. Temporal branches of the posterior cerebral artery remain in situ above the tentorium after the temporal and occipital lobes of the hemisphere have been removed. In many places the arachnoid and pia mater also are intact. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Relation of posterior cerebral artery to tentorium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.005.L.jpg This section is cut through the central portion of the inferior olive 4 mm. above the previous level. Changes in appearance of the more dorsal parts of the medullary tegmentum are associated with the presence of the fourth ventricle, the organization of the restiform body and the termination of the posterior funiculi from the spinal cord. The central gray matter (9) is visible as a fairly wide dark band just beneath the floor of the ventricle. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve lies in this area. The nucleus ambiguus is not clearly visible here but normally lies somewhat ventral and medial to the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.006.L.jpg The inferior olivary nucleus and medial accessory olive are prominent at this level, 4 mm. higher in the medulla. From these nuclei numerous olivocerebellar fibers pass as internal arcuate fibers to the restiform bodies which in this section are not completely organized. The hypoglossal nucleus (4) is still present, although not as clearly defined as before, and an emerging filament of the nerve is seen below the right olive. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.003.L.jpg The nucleus gracilis (11) and nucleus cuneatus (2) are of large size at this level, 3.5 mm. above the last section. Internal arcuate fibers from these nuclei pass through the reticular formation (3) to cross the midline and enter the opposite medial lemniscus (14). Only a faint indication of these arcuate fibers is visible in the view due to technical limitations of the method in areas of mixed fibers and cells. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.004.L.jpg This section, 3.5 mm. above the one before, cuts through the caudal end of the inferior olivary nucleus. Numerous internal arcuate fibers from the gracile and cuneate nuclei enter into the decussation fo the medial lemniscus at this level. The central gray matter (1) forms a dark area surrounding the central canal (not visible) just below its opening into the fourth ventricle. The tractus solitarius can be seen on each side as a small dark area bordering the central gray tissue. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.005.L.jpg The deep perineal fascia has been cut away to reveal the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles. The crura of the penis (5) are partially visible as is the corpus spongiosum penis (14). The superficial transverse perineal muscles are poorly developed in this specimen but an example of the muscle may be be seen in view 174-1. Male external genitalia and perineum. Contents of superficial perineal space https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.003.L.jpg The dartos has been split close to the midline at the base of the scrotum. The incision has been extended posteriorly through the membranous layer of superficial fascia (Colles' fascia). This layer has been retracted on the left side to reveal the major branches of the posterior scrotal nerves and artery. The perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (10) passes anteriorly to join the plexiform branches of the posterior scrotal nerves (13). Note also that the posterior scrotal nerves communicate across the midline with branches derived from nerves of the opposite side. The adductor muscles of the left thigh have been cut away to expose the obturator externus (15). The rami of the pubis and ischium have been stripped of periosteum on the left. Male external genitalia and perineum. Superficial fascia reflected; posterior scrotal nerves and vessels; deep perineal fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.004.L.jpg The superficial perineal fascia (5) has been reflected more completely from the perineal region to expose the deep perineal fascia (Buck's fascia) which encloses the superficial perineal space. The posterior scrotal vessels and nerves have been exposed on the right side and have now been removed from the left side. The superficial and deep fascial layers of the penis (13, 16) may be seen in relation to the fascia of the scrotum and perineum. Male external genitalia and perineum. Deep perineal fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.001.L.jpg The testis has been cut in a sagittal plane. The plane of section does not include the entire length of the epididymis due to the fact that the body of the epididymis curves away from the sectioned surface. Male external genitalia and perineum. Sagittal section of left testis, viewed from medial side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.002.L.jpg This section is 3 mm. above the previous level and was cut through the upper limit of the decussation of the pyramids. At this level the funiculus gracilis is terminating rapidly in the nucleus gracilis (2). The surface eminence known as the clava overlies this area. Lateral to this the funiculus cuneatus is invaded from its anterior aspect by the nucleus cuneatus (3). The rounded nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (12) is seen farther laterally. The spinal tract itself lies superficial to the nucleus. The anterior (ventral) gray columns are becoming broken up into the reticular formation of the medulla at this level. The pyramid on the right is well defined, that on the left is entering the decussation (4). Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=166-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0166.002.L.jpg The specimen shown in view 165-2 is further explored in this preparation and in subsequent dissections of this series. The subcutaneous fat has been removed from the ischiorectal fossa. On the right side of the specimen an opening (6) has been made in the membranous layer of superficial fascia to expose some of the branches of the posterior scrotal artery and nerve. The scrotum has been retracted upward. Male external genitalia and perineum. Membranous layer of superficial fascia in urogenital triangle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.006.L.jpg The testis has been rotated to expose its posterior aspect. The ductus deferens (2) has been dissected and displaced to the side for better exposure of underlying structures. The numerous testicular veins and veins of the epididymis have been cut off and the pampiniform plexus of veins has been removed. Male external genitalia and perineum. Close-up view of posterior aspect of testis and epididymis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=28-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0028.007.L.jpg The brachium pontis has been cut across as it leaves the pons. The root of the trigeminal nerve is exposed in its course through this tissue. The restiform body has been cut away to expose the spinal tract (18) of the trigeminal nerve and, in the cerebellum, the outer fibers of the brachium conjunctivum (16). Much of the right hemisphere of the cerebellum has been cut away and the tonsil removed. The inferior vermis, however, remains intact. The posterior medullary velum (2), and choroid plexus (4) are visible in the roof of the fourth ventricle (3), which has been cut open. Exploration of the basal aspects of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=165-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0165.007.L.jpg The nerves and vessels have been removed from the specimen shown in the previous view. The epididymis has been teased apart to some extent. Male external genitalia and perineum. Epididymis dissected, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=29-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0029.001.L.jpg In this series of views of the brain, the brain stem has been cut transversely at successively higher levels and the cut surfaces stained with a dilute alcoholic solution of nile blue sulphate. By this means the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers become stained blue in contrast to gray matter which remains pale. (Note: connective tissue and blood vessels take on a dark color also.) In a general way the staining characteristics of the cut surface resemble those seen in sections stained by the Weigert method for microscopic study. Although detail here is diminished by the opacity of the tissue, the major features of the cut surface at each level are readily distinguished and these characteristics can be related to the gross features of the brain. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. General orientation view. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.007.L.jpg The pelvic diaphragm has been removed from the specimen and the obturator fascia has been stripped away. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Obturator internus muscle and nerve supply, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.007.L.jpg The sacrotuberous ligament has been cut away on the left to expose the course of the internal pudendal artery and the pudendal nerve as these structures pass posterior to the ischial spine (8) to enter the pudendal canal (15). The lunate fascia has been reflected to open the entire length of the pudendal canal which extends anteriorly to the posterior border of the urogenital diaphragm. The latter is obscured by the muscles that occupy the superficial perineal space. Dissection of anal triangle and ischiorectal fossae. Course of internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve in pudendal canal; muscles of pelvic diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.001.L.jpg The sternocleidomastoid muscle (3) has been cut off close to its insertion and its tendon reflected laterally from the mastoid process (4) of the temporal bone. The posterior facial vein (7) has been cut off and the parotid gland dissected to expose the facial nerve as it passes between the deep (9) and superficial (10) lobes of the gland. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Relation of left facial nerve to parotid gland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.001.L.jpg In this dissection of a young male subject the blood vessels and nerves have been sacrificed in order to demonstrate the arrangement of muscles related to the pelvic outlet. The muscles that lie within the superficial perineal space have been exposed. The ischiorectal fossae have been dissected to demonstrate muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. Several muscles on the left side of this specimen are considerably larger than the corresponding muscles on the right. These are the bulbospongiosus (1), superficial transverse perineal muscle (15) and subcutaneous part of the sphincter ani externus muscle (18). Also it should be noted that the puborectalis muscle (6) on each side extends into the subcutaneous connective tissue of the ischiorectal fossa alongside the anus. Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Muscles of superficial space of perineum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.007.L.jpg The mucous membrane has been removed from the left half of the soft palate and pharyngeal wall. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Musculature of soft palate https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.005.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view is seen here in a close-up photograph to illustrate the details of structures within the ischiorectal fossae. Lobules of fat have been cleared from the ischiorectal fossae leaving in place an irregular layer of fascia with crescentic bands that partially subdivide the area. This fascia, which lies external to the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm and medial to the obturator fascia, is known as the lunate fascia (7). Its continuity with the membranous layer of superficial fascia in the urogenital triangle can be readily traced. Dissection of anal triangle and ischiorectal fossae. Close-up view of anus and nerves, vessels and fascia of ischiorectal fossae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.006.L.jpg A midline incision has been made through the wall of the pharynx and cervical part of the esophagus. The cut margins have been retracted. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Pharynx and esophagus; posterior aspect of larynx https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.006.L.jpg Both gluteus maximus muscles have been cut off close to their origins from the sacrotuberous ligaments, coccyx and sacrum. In the left ischiorectal fossa the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm has been resected. On the right the inferior rectal vessels and nerves have been cut off but the fascia has been left intact. Blending with the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm on the right is the lunate fascia which covers the pudendal canal (21). Dissection of anal triangle and ischiorectal fossae. Posterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae; sacrotuberous ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.005.L.jpg The stylopharyngeus (6) and stylohyoid (7) muscles have been retracted slightly to expose the styloid process (8), the stylomandibular ligament (11) and the styloglossus muscle (9). Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Muscles originating from styloid process https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.003.L.jpg The lower part of the dissection illustrated in the previous view is shown in this photograph. A plexus formed by the right lateral sacral artery (7) and the middle sacral artery (20) lies anterior to the coccyx. At the level of the end piece of the coccyx the glomus coccygeum (24) is visible. The sympathetic trunks converge behind the artery slightly below the glomus. No ganglion impar is present, however. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Close-up view of vessels and nerves anterior to coccyx https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.004.L.jpg The inferior constrictor muscle has been partially resected on the left to expose the middle constrictor of the pharynx. The vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk have been removed. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Middle constrictor muscle of pharynx; pharyngeal raphe; submucosal plexus of esophageal veins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.004.L.jpg The membranous layer of superficial fossae (Colles' fascia) has been preserved in the urogenital triangle. In the anal triangle the ischiorectal fossae (10) have been dissected and the anal sphincter has been exposed. The irregular lunate fascia (12) has been preserved in the fossae and it is apparent that there is a continuity between this layer and Colles' fascia anteriorly. The left thigh has been sectioned slightly below the level of the trochanters of the femur. Dissection of anal triangle and ischiorectal fossae. General view of male perineum and ischiorectal fossae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.003.L.jpg Branches of the glossopharyngeal (8) and vagus (9) nerves which enter the pharyngeal plexus are visible in this close-up view of the superior portion of the dissection shown in reel 82-2. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Pharyngeal plexus of nerves; ascending pharyngeal artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.001.L.jpg The right sacral plexus has been resected to permit a view of the piriformis muscle. The nerves to this muscle (19), derived from the first and second sacral nerves and given off from the adjacent part of the sacral plexus, have been preserved. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Piriformis muscle and nerve supply, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=173-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0173.002.L.jpg The vertebral canal has been opened by grinding away parts of the bodies of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum and the coccyx. Areolar connective tissue has been removed from the canal and many of the veins that formed the internal vertebral plexus have also been cut away. A fibrous band (7) extending from the dura to the posterior longitudinal ligament at the upper part of the sacral canal has been cut off. The intervertebral foramina have been opened on the left side. The left coccygeal nerve (36) is faintly visible, whereas the right coccygeal nerve is fused with the filum durae matris spinalis and therefore is not visible. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Lumbosacral part of vertebral canal, opened and viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.002.L.jpg The remainder of the cervical spine and the first thoracic vertebrae have been removed. The prevertebral muscles on the right have been partially resected. The prevertebral and buccopharyngeal fascia remain to the right of the midline. The left internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal and accessory nerves have been cut away from the central areas of the dissection. The left vagus nerve has been retracted laterally. The left pharyngeal plexus has been preserved. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. General view of pharynx and esophagus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=82-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0082.001.L.jpg The internal carotid artery and vagus nerve have been retracted posterolaterally and the superior cervical ganglion retracted posteromedially. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Blood vessels and nerves to left carotid body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.007.L.jpg The left internal carotid artery and vagus nerve have been retracted medially to expose the origins of the external carotid and pharyngeal plexuses. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Plexus of nerves in region of left superior cervical sympathetic ganglion https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.005.L.jpg The prostate has been removed. The superior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm has been dissected to expose the branches from the third and fourth sacral nerves that supply the muscles of the right half of the diaphragm. Note that one nerve (25) passes into the coccygeus muscle and emerges inferiorly on the medial side of the levator ani. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Nerve supply to levator ani and coccygeus muscles, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.006.L.jpg Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Pharyngeal blood vessels and nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.006.L.jpg The arteries and veins have been removed from the central area of dissection to expose the sacral plexus as it passes through the greater sciatic foramen. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Sacral plexus and pelvic diaphragm, medial view with blood vessels removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.005.L.jpg The left half of the cervical spine, together with the prevertebral muscles and fascia, has been resected and the muscles of the posterior wall of the pharynx brought to view by removal of the buccopharyngeal fascia. The left carotid sheath has been cut away. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Relation of pharynx to cervical spine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.003.L.jpg The penis has been transected opposite the pubic symphysis. The inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm has been preserved and the dorsal nerves, arteries, and vein of the penis are visible in relation to the anterior border of the diaphragm. Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.004.L.jpg The inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm has been removed to reveal the sphincter of the urethra within the deep perineal space. There was no evident deep transverse perineal muscle on either side of this specimen. The bulbourethral gland has been excised. Muscle fibers (4, lower pointer) that are directed posteriorly toward the central point of the perineum were found to be continuous with fibers of the superficial transverse perineal muscle on the left. Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Muscles of urogenital diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.004.L.jpg Strong bony trabeculae are visible passing medially and upward from the acetabulum (15) and from the region of the ischial tuberosity (11) toward the auricular surface of the ilium (3) which articulates with the sacrum. Osteology. Radiograph of right coxal bone, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.005.L.jpg Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Hyoid bone, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.005.L.jpg Osteology. Right femur, tibia and fibula, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.004.L.jpg Two unusual features of ossification are seen in this specimen. The greater cornu on the right is not fused to the body, although the left one is joined in the normal manner. The lesser cornua are fused to their respective greater cornua. Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Hyoid bone, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.002.L.jpg Osteology. Left coxal bone, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.003.L.jpg Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.003.L.jpg Osteology. Left coxal bone, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.002.L.jpg Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.007.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been turned so that the pelvic diaphragm is seen from above and in front. The obturator fascia (14) has been preserved above the diaphragm on both sides and the superior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm (24) has been retained on the left side. Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Pelvic diaphragm viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.001.L.jpg The periosteum has been removed from the hyoid bone and the perichondrium scraped from the laryngeal cartilages. The elastic cone and vocal ligaments have been preserved and the articular capsules retained. Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.001.L.jpg Osteology. Left coxal bone, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.007.L.jpg The mucosa of the larynx has been cut away except for that which lines the ventricle (28) and a narrow rim which remains on the vocal (30) and ventricular folds (28). The elastic cone and the quadrangular membrane have been removed. Sagittal section of neck. Dissection of left half of larynx, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.005.L.jpg The muscular tissue within the urogenital diaphragm has been removed to bring the thin superior fascia of the diaphragm into view. This fascia is intact on the right side of the dissection and has been cut through on the left where it is seen to be closely related to the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm. It is also continuous with obturator fascia laterally on each side. The medial borders of the levator ani muscles are visible lateral to the prostate gland. Some of the fibers of these muscles converge posteriorly toward the central tendon of the perineum and the wall of the anal canal, whereas other fibers appear to spread out superficially at the sides of the anus. Although fibers of the small rectourethral muscle are not distinctly shown, these pass from the anterior wall of the rectum toward the urethra and are cut across in the central part of the dissection between anus and prostate (17). Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.006.L.jpg Sagittal section of neck. Larynx; medial aspect viewed from right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.006.L.jpg The urogenital diaphragm has been entirely removed and the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm has been cut away. Part of the obturator fascia (4) remains on the left side of the specimen. A gap in the levator ani muscle on the left side is bridged by fascia. Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvis diaphragm. Levator ani muscle viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.005.L.jpg The attachment of the cervical part of the esophagus to the cricoid cartilate (ligamentum cricopharyngeum) has been cut and the esophagus (13) sectioned transversely below the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage. The quadrangular membrane (15) has been exposed by the removal of the aryepiglottic muscle. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Larynx; arytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, quadrangular membrane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.004.L.jpg The specimen is the same as that seen in reel 83-3. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Cavity of larynx, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=174-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0174.002.L.jpg The muscles of the superficial perineal space have been cut away to expose the crura (4) and bulb (5) of the penis in relation to the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. Dissection of muscles of male perineum and pelvic diaphragm. Root of penis; inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.003.L.jpg The mucous membrane has been removed from the piriform recesses and anterior wall of the esophagus. The right superior laryngeal nerve (22) has been retracted to expose branches of the superior laryngeal artery (20) and vein. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Larynx; blood vessels and nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=83-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0083.002.L.jpg The wall of the pharynx and esophagus has been opened. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Larynx; posterior surface view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.006.L.jpg A large opening has been made in the left wall of the bladder to afford a view of the interior, particularly the area of the trigone. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of bladder https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.007.L.jpg The mucosa has been removed from the left half of the trigone to reveal the very delicate muscle fibers that continue from the longitudinal muscle of the left ureter into the trigone, extending toward the opposite ureter and also toward the urethral orifice. A heavy, sling-like layer of muscle, identified here as the m. pubovesicalis (19), lies alongside the neck of the bladder. Posteriorly its fibers appear continuous with the outer longitudinal layer of muscle of the bladder and with fibers extending upward on the ureter from this layer. Anteriorly it encircles the neck of the bladder and sends some fibers into the puboprostatic ligament. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Trigone of bladder dissected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.004.L.jpg This view of the pelvic part of the peritoneal cavity in a male subject is inserted to accompany the views of dissections for the purpose of showing the relations of organs in an intact body. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Pelvic peritoneal cavity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.005.L.jpg The pelvic peritoneum remains in place to the right of the midline. The anterior abdominal wall has been folded downward. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Left anterolateral view of pelvic organs in situ, peritoneum partially removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.002.L.jpg The prostate and rectum have been separated slightly to expose the fascial layers between them. The rectovesical septum (19) has been left against the posterior surface of prostate and seminal vesicle. A thinner layer of this septum, more closely related to the rectal wall, is seen spanning the space separating the rectum and prostate. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Prostate gland; puboprostatic ligament; rectovesical septum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.003.L.jpg The bladder, prostate and seminal vesicle have been pulled forward and slightly upward. The rectovesical septum (19) may be seen extending upward from the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm between the prostate and rectum to fuse with the under surface of the peritoneum near the bottom of the rectovesical pouch. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Relations of bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle and rectovesical septum and pelvic peritoneum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=170-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0170.001.L.jpg The peritoneum of the left side of the pelvic cavity has been resected. Nerves and blood vessels have also been removed on the left to display the pelvic organs in situ. The distribution of the superior rectal artery and vein is demonstrated. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Contents of pelvic cavity with pelvic peritoneum removed; blood supply of lower sigmoid colon and rectum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.006.L.jpg A cut has been made across the junction of the internal capsule with the cerebral peduncle, and the brain stem and cerebellum have been removed from the specimen. The optic tract is now exposed in its course toward the lateral geniculate body, not yet dissectd. Relations of the posterior cerebral artery and medial parts of the temporal lobe are shown. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Optic tract, internal capsule, medial surface of temporal lobe and posterior cerebral artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.007.L.jpg The medial aspect of the lentiform nucleus has been exposed by removal of the anterior half of the internal capsule. A number of small branches of the striate arteries have been preserved in the area of dissection. The lower part of the dissected area is occupied by the globus pallidus (5) and appears fibrous in the view due to the presence of great numbers of myelinated fibers leaving the nucleus to form the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis. Note several small branches of the posterior cerebral artery which enter the lateral geniculate body (16). Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Lentiform nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.004.L.jpg Detailed relations of the structures in the region of the parieto-occipital fissure are visible in this close-up of the posterior area of the previous view. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Occipital radiation of corpus callosum and parieto-occipital fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=17-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0017.005.L.jpg In an earlier dissection the medial lemniscus, one of the principal ascending somatic sensory tracts of the brain stem, was traced into the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus. In the present view the continuation of this sensory system from the thalamus to the upper part of the postcentral gyrus (10) of the cerebral cortex can be visualized in part. Broken ends of fibers of this portion of the thalamic radiation (13) are visible projecting from the internal capsule in the region of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Thalamo-cortical radiation to postcentral gyrus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.003.L.jpg The specimen is the same as that shown in view 172-2 but in this instance it is viewed in such a way that the structures associated with the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity are visible. The rectum has been resected and the bladder has been pulled forward with the reflected anterior abdominal wall. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Posterior pelvic wall viewed from in front and to the left https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.004.L.jpg The temporal bone has been dissected to expose the tympanic canaliculus (canal of Jacobson) (2) and the facial canal (1). Veins and fibrous tissue have been removed to reveal the glossopharyngeal nerve (4) in the anterior part of the jugular foramen. The apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone, the left half of the occipital bone and part of the body of the sphenoid bone have been ground away. This was done without disturbing the soft tissues of the carotid canal (14), petrooccipital fissure (15) or the thick fibrous tissue which underlies the base of the skull (17). The longus capitis and rectus capitis anterior muscles have been partially resected. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in jugular foramen; origin of tympanic nerve; posterior wall of pharynx https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.004.L.jpg Visceral branches of vessels and nerves have been cut away. The prostate and seminal vesicles have been retained in situ. The view is from the left and slightly anterior. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Blood vessels and nerves of right lateral pelvic wall https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.003.L.jpg The accessory nerve has been reflected anteriorly to show its communication with the vagus nerve. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Relations of facial, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal and internal carotid nerves; internal jugular vein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.001.L.jpg The pelvic peritoneum has been entirely removed. The pelvic fascia has been teased away from the structures within the right side of the pelvic cavity so that the interrelations of the ureter, ductus deferens, lateral umbilical ligament, lymphatics, blood vessels and nerves may be examined. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. General view of interior of right pelvic wall with peritoneum and pelvic fascia removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.002.L.jpg The first three cervical nerves have been retracted laterally so that their muscular branches are visible. The muscles have been elevated. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Nerve supply to longus capitis, longus colli and rectus capitis anterior muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=172-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0172.002.L.jpg The pelvic plexus on the right side of the specimen has been freed of connective tissue. The superior hypogastric plexus is visible entering from above. Extending to the pelvic plexus from the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk is one sacral splanchnic nerve (18). The pelvic splanchnic nerves (19, 20) from the 3rd and 4th sacral nerves carry parasympathetic fibers to the plexus. Branches of the pelvic plexus to the ureter, ductus deferens, bladder, prostate and rectum are visible. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Pelvic plexus of right side, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=81-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0081.001.L.jpg The bodies of the first five cervical vertebrae have been sectioned in the midsagittal plane and the left halves removed. The cervical nerves have been retained approximately in their normal positions with the exception of the first nerve (16), which has been displaced superiorly. The anterior vertebral venous plexus (18) and longus colli and capitis muscles have been preserved. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Hypoglossal, accessory and vagus nerves; anterior rami of cervical nerves; internal carotid artery; internal jugular vein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.006.L.jpg A longitudinal incision has been made through the anterior wall of the sigmoid colon and rectum to demonstrate the features of the lumen of this part of the intestine. At the perineal flexure of the rectum a short transverse cut has been made to connect with a laterally placed longitudinal incision into the anal canal. The specimen is viewed from in front and to the left. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal opened in situ, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=80-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0080.007.L.jpg The fascia has been removed from the upper part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which has been pulled somewhat anteriorly. The bodies of the upper cervical vertebrae have been exposed to the left of the midline. The levator scapulae muscle has been cut from its origins and retracted medially and inferiorly to expose the cervical plexus. Dissection of head and neck from a posterior approach. Relations of left sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, cervical plexus and cervical spine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.007.L.jpg This view is a close-up of the lower part of the dissection illustrated in the preceding photograph and is centered on the anal canal. The canal has been opened by an incision placed laterally through the wall of the canal and connected above with an anterior midline incision through the wall of the rectum. The wall of the anal canal posterior to the incision has been retracted. The mucosa of the anal canal has not been stretched sufficiently to reveal the pectinate line formed by the anal valves at the lower ends of the anal columns. The position of this line is indicated in the drawing at 17. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Anal canal opened, close-up anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.004.L.jpg The prostate shown in the preceding view has been removed from the body for separate dissection. The median lobe (7) has been removed to the left of the midline to gain access to the left ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory duct has been opened and incisions have been continued to open the left seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus deferens. An aberrant diverticulum (2) of the ampulla of the ductus deferens is present on the left. Approximately 2 mm. of the terminal, blind extremity of this diverticulum was cut off. The diverticulum communicates with the ampulla posteromedially near the beginning of the ejaculatory duct. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and ampulla of ductus deferens https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.005.L.jpg The prostate has been sectioned in a sagittal plane, the cut passing slightly to the left of the midline posterior to the ejaculatory duct. The prostatic utricle (8) has been opened to demonstrate its size and relations to the seminal colliculus (15) onto the summit of which it opens, and to the ejaculatory duct (12) which courses parallel and slightly lateral to it to open on the side of the colliculus. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Prostatic utricle and ejaculatory duct in relation to seminal colliculus, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.003.L.jpg All of the bladder has been taken away with the exception of the right half of the sphincter (9), which has been preserved to illustrate the intimate relation of the bladder musculature to the base of the prostate. The prostatic part of the urethra has been opened by means of an anterior midline incision. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Prostate and sphincter of bladder, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.001.L.jpg The bladder and prostate have been pulled to the left to expose bands of smooth muscle alongside the neck of the bladder which form the m. pubovesicalis (24) and which continue anteriorly into the medial puboprostatic ligament (26). Laterally, the thickened part of the pelvic fascia known as the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia (25) is seen to be attached to the prostate and neck of the bladder by the lateral puboprostatic ligament (16, upper pointer). The lateral ligament of the bladder, consisting of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle associated with the pelvic plexus and hyogastric vessels, has been removed from the specimen. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. External muscles and ligaments at neck of bladder; tendinous arch of pelvic fascia, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=171-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0171.002.L.jpg A midline incision has been made beginning at the internal urethral orifice and extending downward through the isthmus of the prostate to open the prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra. The left lobe of the prostate has been pulled aside to provide adequate exposure of the urethral lumen. Dissection of male pelvis from a lateral approach. Interior of prostatic urethra; seminal colliculus, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.002.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Sydney F. Thomas. Radiography. Right shoulder of 16-year-old girl, A-P view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.001.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated right carpal bones, distal surfaces https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.003.L.jpg The pectoralis major (9) has been reflected laterally from its clavicular (2) and sternocostal (3) origins. A narrow band of the pectoral fascia (8) which invested the deep surface of the muscle has been retained. Pectoral region and axilla. Nerve and blood supply of left pectoralis major muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.002.L.jpg The deep fascia has been removed. A well-developed sternalis muscle (9) is present. Later dissection revealed that this variant was not bilateral. Pectoral region and axilla. Right pectoralis major and deltoid muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.001.L.jpg The skin, subcutaneous tissue and platysma muscle have been removed. The deep fascia remains in place. Superficial nerves and vessels have been preserved. Pectoral region and axilla. Superficial structures of left arm and thorax, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.007.L.jpg The arteries have been filled with thorotrast. Two variations from the commonly described arrangement of the vessels are to be noted. (A) The a. volaris indicis radialis is absent. A branch of the first dorsal metacarpal artery (3, upper pointer) supplies the area normally reached by this vessel. (B)The superficial volar branch (7) of the radial artery does not enter into the formation of the superficial volar arch (16). This latter situation occurs frequently. Radiography. Angiogram, left hand of adult male, A-P view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.006.L.jpg Radiography. Right hand of adult female, A-P view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.005.L.jpg The ossification center for the medial epicondyle of the humerus is not visible in this view. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Sydney F. Thomas. Radiography. Right elbow of 9 1/2-year-old boy, lateromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.004.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Sydney F. Thomas. Radiography. Right elbow of 9 1/2-year-old boy, A-P view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=88-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0088.003.L.jpg Thorotrast was injected into the innominate artery. The vertebral border of the scapula is only faintly visible parallel and close to the descending branch (16) of the transverse cervical artery. Radiography. Angiogram, right shoulder of newborn, A-P view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.007.L.jpg The bones have been divided at the mid-carpel joint and the proximal row turned dorsally. Osteology. Articulated right carpal bones, proximal and distal rows separated https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.006.L.jpg Pectoral region and axilla. Branches of left thoracoacromial artery, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.005.L.jpg The pectoralis major muscle has been reflected inferiorly from its origin. The fascia which covered the deep surface of the muscle has been removed except for a narrow band (18). The fascia has also been removed from the pectoralis minor muscle (7) and this muscle divided but not reflected. Pectoral region and axilla. Left thoracoacromial vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.004.L.jpg The relations of the pectoralis minor muscle to the axillary artery and brachial plexus can be seen. The subclavian and axillary veins have been removed. Pectoral region and axilla. Right pectoralis minor muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.006.L.jpg The cortex of the upper half of the insula has been scraped away to reveal the underlying medullary substance. The ependymal layer which covered the caudate nucleus has been removed. Much of the choroid plexus in the central part of the lateral ventricle has been cut away to expose its attachment to the lips (taeniae) of the choroidal fissure (cleft between fornix and lamina affixa). Note the choroidal artery (a branch of the a. cerebri posterior) passing anteriorly in this region. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Caudate nucleus; lamina affixa; medullary substance of insula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.005.L.jpg Detailed relationships in the region of the splenium of the corpus callosum, the junction of the body and posterior horn of the lateral ventricle and the occipital lobe are illustrated. Boundaries of the opened ventricle are clearly visible in the upper central part of the view. The line of Gennari appears in the cut section of the lingual gyrus (29). Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Close-up view; relations of posterior horn of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.004.L.jpg Close-up view of central area of preceding stage of dissection seen from a more lateral angle. Details of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle and of the interventricular foramen are now evident. Note the small cavity of the septum pellucidum which has been cut open just beneath the corpus callosum. The ependymal lining of the ventricle is intact. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Close-up view of anterior part of lateral ventricle and interventricular foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.003.L.jpg A large window has been cut in the corpus callosum to provide a view of the lateral ventricle. The contours and boundaries of the anterior horn, body and atrium of the lateral ventricle are shown in relation to structures seen in earlier stages of the dissection. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.002.L.jpg Further details in the region of the lateral fissure are shown in this close-up of the central area of the previous view. Note the several transverse temporal gyri, of which the anterior one (11) (Heschl's gyrus) is the most prominent. The superior longitudinal fasciculus which lies directly above the insula was of necessity cut away extensively to expose the underlying structures. The medial and lateral longitudinal striae (fiber tracts of the olfactory system) are clearly visible for most of their course across the upper surface of the corpus callosum. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Close-up view of lateral fissure and insula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.001.L.jpg The lateral fissure has now been extensively exposed from above by the removal of the frontal and parietal opercula. The superior longitudinal fasciculus (4) has been cut away to reveal the insula. The principal cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery lie within the lateral fissure. The portion of the temporal lobe facing the fissure displays transversely oriented gyri (of Heschl) wherein the fibers of the central auditory pathway terminate. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Lateral fissure and insula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=89-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0089.007.L.jpg The left pectoralis minor muscle (18,27) has been cut near its origin and reflected laterally. The layer of coracoclavicular fascia (19) deep to this muscle is continuous laterally with the pectoral (22) and axillary fascia (21). The axillary vein is visible through a natural opening in the coracoclavicular fascia. Pectoral region and axilla. Deep lamina of coracoclavicular fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.007.L.jpg Osteology. Right femur, anterior view of proximal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.001.L.jpg Osteology. Right femur, posterior view of proximal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=175-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0175.006.L.jpg Osteology. Right femur, tibia and fibula, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.001.L.jpg Osteology. Right tibia and fibula, proximal ends viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0086.002.L.jpg Seceral nutrient foramina are visible. Osteology. Right humerus, posterior view of proximal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0086.001.L.jpg Numerous nutrient foramina are visible in the region of the neck of the humerus. Osteology. Right humerus, anterior view of proximal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.006.L.jpg Osteology. Right tibia and fibula, anterior view of upper parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.007.L.jpg Osteology. Right humerus, radius and ulna, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.007.L.jpg Osteology. Right tibia and fibula, posterior view of upper parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.006.L.jpg Osteology. Right humerus, radius and ulna, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.004.L.jpg Osteology. Right patella, anterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.005.L.jpg Osteology. Right scapula, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.005.L.jpg Osteology. Right patella, posterior part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.004.L.jpg Osteology. Right scapula, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.002.L.jpg Osteology. Radiograph of proximal end of right femur, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.003.L.jpg Osteology. Right Scapula, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=176-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0176.003.L.jpg Osteology. Right femur, posterior view of distal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.002.L.jpg Osteology. Right Clavicle, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=85-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0085.001.L.jpg Osteology. Right Clavicle, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.007.L.jpg The left arytenoid cartilage has been detached and turned to expose its medial surface. Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, right anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=84-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0084.006.L.jpg The periochondrium has been removed except near the midline where the hyothyroid, thyroepiglottic, cricothyroid and vocal ligaments were attached. Hyoid bone and framework of larynx. Thyroid cartilage, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.004.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated bones of left foot, superior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0086.005.L.jpg Osteology. Right radius and ulna, anterior view of proximal parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.005.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated bones of left foot, lateral aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.002.L.jpg Osteology. Right tibia and fibula, anterior views of lower parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.003.L.jpg Osteology. Right tibia and fibula, posterior view of lower parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.006.L.jpg The eminentia carpi ulnaris is formed by 2 and 3. The eminentia carpi radialis is formed by 6 and 8. Osteology. Articulated right carpal bones, proximal surfaces https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.005.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated right carpal bones, dorsal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.003.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Grant Melvin Stevens. Radiography. Right knee, mediolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.004.L.jpg Nutrient foramina are visible on several of the rough non-articular surfaces of the bones. Osteology. Articulated right carpal bones, volar view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.004.L.jpg The knee is slightly flexed so that the femur inclines posteriorly. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin Grant Stevens. Radiography. Left knee, posteroanterior view illustrating intercondylar fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.003.L.jpg I-V. Digits of the hand I. Thumb H. Index III. Long IV. Ring V. Little. Osteology. Articulated bones of right hand, dorsal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.001.L.jpg This film of the right hip joint of a young man was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Right hip, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.002.L.jpg I-V. Digits of the hand I. Thumb II. Index III. Long IV. Ring V. Little Osteology. Articulated bones of right hand, volar view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.002.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Grant Melvin Stevens. Radiography. Right knee of 16-year-old male, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=87-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0087.001.L.jpg Osteology. Right radius and ulna, posterior view of distal parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.006.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated bones of left foot, inferior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0086.007.L.jpg Osteology. Right radius and ulna, anterior view of proximal parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=177-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0177.007.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated bones of left foot, medial aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0086.006.L.jpg Osteology. Right radius and ulna, posterior view of proximal parts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.086.004.L.jpg Osteology. Right humerus, posterior view of distal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=86-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0086.003.L.jpg Osteology. Right humerus, anterior view of distal part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.004.L.jpg The fascia has been removed from the rhomboid muscles and the fascicles of the rhomboideus major have been separated to expose branches of the dorsal scapular nerve. Shoulder. Nerve supply to left rhomboideus major muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.003.L.jpg The muscle has been divided close to its origin (13) and reflected laterally. The thick layer of fascia deep to the muscle remains intact. Shoulder. Nerve and blood supply to left lattisimus dorsi muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.002.L.jpg Shoulder. Nerve supply to trapezius muscle, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.001.L.jpg The muscle has been reflected laterally from its origin. The underlying fascia remains intact. Shoulder. Nerve and blood supply to left trapezius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.007.L.jpg Shoulder. Muscles of right scapular region, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.006.L.jpg Superficial nerves and vessels have been preserved to the left of the midline. The deep fascia has been removed on the right side. Shoulder. Right lattisimus dorsi and trapezius muscles, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.001.L.jpg The specimen shown in 93-6 is viewed here from above and somewhat laterally. The approximate positions of the insertions of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles into the greater tubercle and shaft of the humerus are indicated in the drawing at 3, 5, and 7. Shoulder. Relations of supraspinatus, infraspinatus and tres minor muscles to shoulder joint, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.007.L.jpg Shoulder. Quadrangular and triangular spaces, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.006.L.jpg The fascia has been removed. The teres minor in this specimen is fused with the infraspinatus. Shoulder. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and teres major muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=93-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0093.005.L.jpg The rhomboid muscles have been cut away. The scapula hs been retracted laterally from the thorax so that the deep surfaces of the levator scapulae(2) and serratus anterior (4,11) muscles are exposed. The dorsal scapular nerve (3) can be traced through the levator scapular muscle toward its termination in the rhomboid muscles (see previous view). Shoulder. Dorsal scapular nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.003.L.jpg The arm has been abducted. The axillary sheath (5) remains on the proximal parts of the axillary artery and vein but has been removed distally. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); relations of vessels, nerves and lymphatic structures, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.002.L.jpg The coracoclavicular fascia (12) has been partially removed and the connective tissue taken out of the axillary fossa. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla; coracoclavicular fascia removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.001.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue have been removed from the right axilla. The axillary fascia (7) is continuous with the pectoral (1) and brachial fascia (3) and with the fascia which covers the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscles. Pectoral region and axilla. Right axillary fascia, inferior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=9-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0009.007.L.jpg The specimen is tilted to the right and the relations of the insula, lateral fissure, internal capsule, body of the lateral ventricle and corpus callosum are seen close-up. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Relations of insula, internal capsule and lateral fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.002.L.jpg The subclavius muscle and the medial two-thirds of the clavicle have been removed. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); general view of contents, clavicle removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.001.L.jpg The capsule has been resected to expose the articular disc (4) which separates the medial and lateral cavities of the joint. The sternal end of the clavicle is covered with fibrocartilage. The unevenness of this surface is of common occurrence. Pectoral region and axilla. Left sternoclavicular joint opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.007.L.jpg The left sternocleidomastoid muscle has been removed. Pectoral region and axilla. Left sternoclavicular joint capsule and ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.006.L.jpg The left sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles have been removed and the deep structures of the neck dissected. The deltoid, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles have also been cut away and the axilla freed of connective tissue and lymphatic structures. The arm has been rotated slightly medially. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); general view of neck, shoulder and axilla, clavicle intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.005.L.jpg The structures in the posterior part of the axilla have been exposed and are shown in relation to vessels and nerves already encountered. A distinct fascial lamina (21) is present in the cleft between the serratus anterior and subscapular muscles. Each of these muscles is also covered by its own fascia. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); relations of structures in posterior part of axillary fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=90-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0090.004.L.jpg The pectoralis major and minor muscles have cervical been resected. The deltoid muscle has been divided close to its origin (10) and reflected laterally. The subclavius muscle (5) has been exposed by removal of the coracoclavicular fascia. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles have been resected and the external layer of cervical fascia removed. Several lymphatic trunks (20) enter the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes (22) from the arm. Some of the axillary nodes have been removed. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); general view of contents; subclavius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.007.L.jpg The shoulder has been detached from the thorax and turned so that the subscapular muscle is visible. The axillary artery and brachial plexus have been retracted from the field except for the median and musculocutaneous nerves. Pectoral region and axilla. Left subscapular muscle (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.006.L.jpg The shoulder has been pulled away from the thoracic wall and the axillary artery and brachial plexus retracted laterally. The subscapular fascia (7) has been partially removed. Pectoral region and axilla. Left subscapular muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.005.L.jpg The roots (1) of the brachial plexus have been divided and the subclavian vessels (2,3) cut off. The shoulder and arm have been pulled away from the thorax in order to expose the entire extent of the serratus anterior muscle. The axillary artery and infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus have been retracted from their normal positions. Pectoral region and axilla. Left serratus anterior muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.004.L.jpg The axillary vein and its branches have been cut away. Component parts of the brachial plexus have been separated slightly. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); brachial plexus and axillary artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=91-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0091.003.L.jpg The trunks (5,6,7), cords (24) and various branches of the brachial plexus are shown in relation to the subclavian (9,10) and axillary (14) vessels. Pectoral region and axilla. Left axilla (continued); relations of arteries, veins and nerves, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.005.L.jpg The deltoid muscle has been detached from its origin and reflected laterally. Fascia has been removed from the deep surface of the muscle to expose nerves and blood vessels. The infraspinatus fascia (10) remains intact. Shoulder. Nerve and blood supply to left deltoid muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.004.L.jpg A layer of fascia (6)extends laterally from the short head of the biceps across the shoulder joint. This layer blends with a fascia, aponeurotic in character, which continues upward from the insertion of the pectoralis major (18). The tendon of insertion of the subscapular muscle (4) is covered by a combination of the subscapular fascia. This layer has been reflected superiorly (3). Shoulder. Fascial planes anterior to left shoulder joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.003.L.jpg The pectoralis minor muscle has been removed. The tendon of insertion of the pectoralis major (30) has been elevated to reveal an underlying bursa. Shoulder. Conoid and trapezoid ligaments, anterior view of left shoulder https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.002.L.jpg The left deltoid muscle has been cut from its acromial and clavicular origins and reflected laterally. The subdeltoid bursa (15) has been opened. Continuity of the pectoral fascia with the fascia over the coracobrachialis muscle is visible at 12. A thin layer of fascia has been removed from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle to expose the axillary nerve (17) and vessels. Shoulder. Left subdeltoid bursa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=92-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0092.001.L.jpg The skin and tela subcutanea have been cut away from the shoulder and pectoral regions. The deep fascia has been removed. Shoulder. Right deltoid muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.004.L.jpg Mammary gland. Left breast of a young woman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.005.L.jpg The fascia remains intact on the left side of the specimen. On the right side the fascia has been cut away except in the area occupied by the mammary gland. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Superficial vessels and nerves; breast; pectoral fascia and muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.002.L.jpg The epiphysis of the first rib is missing. Osteology. First, third and eighth ribs of right side viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.003.L.jpg Osteology. Head and neck of right sixth rib, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.003.L.jpg The left upper limb has been detached from the specimen. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. External intercostal muscles viewed from left https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.004.L.jpg The external intercostal muscle has been reflected in the first intercostal space to expose the internal intercostal muscle. The intrinsic muscle fascia has been removed. In the second interspace the external intercostal has been dissected to illustrate a portion of its nerve supply. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. First and second left intercostal spaces, close-up view of nerves to external intercostal muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.001.L.jpg The fascia has been removed from the latissimus dorsi (3), serratus anterior (4) and external oblique (9) muscles on the right side. Cutaneous nerves and vessels have been preserved. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. External layer of muscles in inframammary region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.002.L.jpg The left pectoralis major (9) has been reflected. Its clavicular (2), sternocostal (3) and abdominal (4) origins have been preserved. The pectoralis minor (10) is covered by a layer of the clavipectoral fascia. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Pectoral muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.006.L.jpg Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Right breast dissected in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=114-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0114.007.L.jpg The breast of a 20 year old woman has been sectioned in a sagittal plane which passes through the nipple. The specimen is unfixed and, as a result of this, the lactiferous ducts are not clearly visible in the photograph. (Later examination of the specimen after it had been fixed following photography revealed the presence of six lactiferous ducts close to the plane of section. There were no obvious lactiferous sinuses along these ducts.) Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Sagittal section of right breast https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.001.L.jpg All of the thoracic viscera have been removed except those structures which pass through the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet). The pleura and the endothoracic fascia have been excised anteriorly. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Anterior thoracic wall, internal aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.002.L.jpg Thoracic viscera in situ. Anterior view of thoracic contents, rib cage intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.006.L.jpg The costal part of the parietal pleura has been exposed in the anterior portions of the first and second intercostal spaces. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Vessels and nerves of first and second left intercostal spaces; Internal thoracic vessels; sternal lymph nodes; sternocostal joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.007.L.jpg The ribs above the eighth on the left side have been cut off along the mid-axillary line. The intercostal muscles of the seventh space have been retained and have been separated into their three layers (17, 18, 19). The middle layer, the internal intercostal muscle, becomes membranous in its posterior portion. The transition from muscle to membrane occurs just anterior to the cut end of the seventh rib (16). The membrane has been incompletely preserved in the seventh interspace. In the sixth interspace the membrane is clearly visible (14). The intercostal vessels and nerve have been separated slightly. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Seventh intercostal space. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=115-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0115.005.L.jpg The external intercostal muscles have been removed from the first and second interspaces anteriorly to expose the internal intercostal muscles. A third, innermost layer of muscle has not been shown in this dissection. For a view of this layer reference should be made to 115-7. Dissection of breast and anterolateral thoracic wall. Intercostal muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.007.L.jpg The anterior wall of the pericardial sac has been incised and the cut edges have been reflected. The epicardium remains intact. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Heart exposed within pericardial activity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.005.L.jpg The internal thoracic arteries have been cut off (6, 21). The pleura has been cut away from the pericardium and the fascia which covered the thymus has been partially removed. A portion of this fascia (9) fuses firmly with the pericardium to form one of the sternopericardial ligaments. The sternal attachment of this ligament was in the area of origin of the sternothyroid muscles and was detached in the preparation of the dissection. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Thymus and pericardium; superior sternopericardial ligament https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.006.L.jpg The upper portion of the specimen from the preceding view is shown here to illustrate in more detail the relations of the thymus to nearby mediastinal structures. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Thymus and related structures, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.003.L.jpg Both upper limbs have been detached. The upper nine ribs have been removed bilaterally with the exception of the first rib on the left. The manubrium and most of the body of the sternum have also been removed. The pleural cavities have been opened. On the right the apex of the lung is visible within the cupula of the pleura. Thoracic viscera in situ. Anterior view of thoracic contents, rib cage removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=116-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0116.004.L.jpg The subject is a young female. The film was made during full inspiration. Thoracic viscera in situ. Radiograph of thorax, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.003.L.jpg Detailed dissection of heart. Ventricular myocardium, anterior view of superficial layer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.006.L.jpg The lentiform nucleus and paraterminal area have been dissected so that the posterior limb of the anterior commissure can be traced to the midline. The left column of the fornix has been cut across as it enters the hypothalamus. The optic tract can be seen through most of its course toward the lateral geniculate body since the lowest part of the internal capsule has been removed. Note Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Posterior limb of anterior commissure, optic tract and cerebral peduncle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.007.L.jpg The lentiform nucleus has been scraped away anteriorly and various bands of fibers which pass beneath it and the head of the caudate nucleus displayed. The temporal lobe has been cut back extensively. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Systems of fibers related to head of caudate nucleus and putamen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.004.L.jpg The amygdaloid nucleus and lower part of the lentiform nucleus have been removed to demonstrate the entire extent of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. Note the hippocampal digitations bulging upward into the opened cavity. The anterior commissure and striate arteries are also visible. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Inferior horn of lateral ventricle; hippocampus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.005.L.jpg A horizontal cut has been made through the lentiform nucleus, internal capsule and thalamic area. The lamination within the lentiform nucleus is still demonstrable, although some of the nucleus was removed earlier. From the medial border of the globus pallidus fibers of the fasciculus lenticularis (13) pass through the internal capsule. The subthalamic nucleus (corpus Luysi) is cut through (14). The geniculate bodies are still present in this section which is cut lower than the previous view. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Lentiform nucleus, internal capsule, subthalamic nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.002.L.jpg The lentiform nucleus and internal capsule have been further cut away posteriorly. The geniculate bodies are sectioned horizontally. Relations of these structures to major landmarks of the brain are visible. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. General orientation view of dissection of diencephalon, internal capsule and lentiform nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.003.L.jpg Close-up view of the preceding step in the dissection. The lateral geniculate body is sectioned horizontally, lamination within the nucleus being visible. The superior quadrigeminal brachium (11), connecting the optic tract to the superior colliculus, appears as an inconspicuous white band along the posterior margin of the cut section. The medial geniculate body is also cut across in a horizontal plane. The course of the inferior quadrigeminal brachium (26) towards this nucleus is partially hidden by its passage beneath the superior quadrigeminal brachium. The H fields in the subthalamic region (21) are not readily demonstrated by gross dissection although the fibrous nature of the area is apparent in the view. (The red nucleus lies immediately beneath this area.) Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Lateral and medial geniculate bodies; hippocampal structures https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.007.L.jpg The heart is viewed from in front. Thorotrast has been injected into the right (5) and left (13) coronary arteries by means of a cannula inserted through the aorta. The vessels have been ligated close to their origins. In the drawing, vessels in the foreground of the view have been indicated by solid lines, while those in the background have been shown by broken lines. Detailed dissection of heart. Coronary angiogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=12-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0012.001.L.jpg A block of tissue has been removed from the posterior part of the lentiform nucleus, internal capsule and thalamus. The relation of the lentiform nucleus to the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule (posterior stalk of the thalamus) is shown. The lateral nucleus of the thalamus has now been scraped away so that in places the internal capsule is exposed. In the depths of the thalamic dissection the H field of Forel (19) is exposed. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Anterior ventral nucleus of thalamus; H field of Forel; retrolenticular part of internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.001.L.jpg Detailed dissection of heart. Basal surface of heart, epicardium intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.002.L.jpg The epicardium has been removed from all parts of the atria with the exception of the left auricle. Detailed dissection of heart. Atrial myocardium, basal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.006.L.jpg The ventricular aspect of the tricuspid valve is displayed by viewing the heart from a position near its apex. The interior of the right atrium is visible through the ostium of the valve. Detailed dissection of heart. Tricuspid valve viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.007.L.jpg The walls of the open right atrium have been stretched apart. The fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve (indicated by dotted line in the drawing) is held in an open position to expose the cavity of the right ventricle. The conus arteriosus leads out of the upper left part of the ventricular cavity and is not visible. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of right ventricle viewed through ostium of tricuspid valve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.003.L.jpg The view is directed into the cavity of the right ventricle through the opened right atrium and the ostium (2) of the tricuspid valve. Detailed dissection of heart. Tricuspid valve viewed through right atrium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.003.L.jpg A section 4 mm. thick has been removed. Within the tegmentum of the pons the abducens nucleus (17) and fibers of the abducens nerve (21) are visible. The peripheral part of the nerve, which leaves the brain stem just behind the pons, is not shown on this specimen. The nucleus of the facial nerve (17, lower pointer) is still present in this section and fibers of the nerve (18) lie just above the nucleus as they pass from the internal genu (16) toward their exit point. Transverse fibers of the trapezoid body (9) are visible as they pass through the medial lemniscus. The superior olive and beginnings of the lateral lemniscus lie lateral to this area. These structures are part of the central auditory pathway. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Pons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.004.L.jpg The right ventricle, conus arteriosus and pulmonary trunk have been opened. The part of the ventricular wall which gives attachment to the anterior papillary muscle (7) has been reflected. The right atrium remains open from a previous dissection. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of right ventricle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.004.L.jpg This section is 4 mm. above the last one. Fibers of the trigeminal nerve (4) pass obliquely medially through the brachium pontis. On the right side the motor nucleus (13) of this nerve is visible. The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, which begins its descending course through the brain stem at this level, is not clearly seen here. The trapezoid body (5) is prominent. The superior olive (15) is still present and the lateral lemniscus (14) is larger at this level than in the previous section. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Pons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.001.L.jpg An opening has been made in the anterosuperior part of the wall of the right atrium. Parts of the wall have been reflected to reveal the interior of this chamber. The heart has been positioned with its apex directed downward. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of right atrium, posterior wall https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.001.L.jpg At this level, 3 mm. above the preceding section, the cochlear nuclei are well defined on each side of their positions above and lateral to the restiform body. The incoming cochlear nerves (20), however, are partially hidden by the flocculi. The vestibular nerves (19) are also obscured by the flocculi but are well seen in the following view as they enter the brain stem. The region between the exit point of the facial nerve and that of the acoustic nerve is transversed by obliquely directed pontine fibers which enter a nuclear area known as the pontobulbar body (21). The medial lemniscus (9) is becoming triangular in shape as it approaches the pons. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Medulla oblongata. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.002.L.jpg The right atrial wall has been cut and reflected in such a way that the cut section of the wall is seen in relation to the coronary sinus (5). The view into the atrium is from the right side. The heart is in a position with its apex directly downward. Detailed dissection of heart. Coronary sinus, external and internal aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.002.L.jpg This section cuts across the mid-portion of the fourth ventricle and the nodulus at a level 3.5 mm. higher than the previous section. The cerebellar nuclei are prominent and the beginnings of the brachium conjunctivum (15) visible. The restiform bodies are extending upwards into the cerebellum and fibers of the juxtarestiform body are passing from the acoustic area (5) toward the cerebellum at (4). Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Junction of medulla and pons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.006.L.jpg The atria have been cut off close to their attachments to the atrioventricular valve rings. Detailed dissection of heart. Ventricular myocardium; cardiac valves and ostia, basal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.006.L.jpg The cerebellar peduncles (25, 26, 28) have been cut through and the left cerebellar hemisphere removed from the posterior cranial fossa. The tela chorioidea and choroid plexus (13) of the fourth ventricle were left in place. The ventricle is thus only partially opened. Choroid plexus covers the rootlets of the ninth and tenth nerves as they emerge from the medulla. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Brain stem and cranial nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.007.L.jpg The superficial layer of myocardium (3) has been removed from the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle. The deep layer of myocardium (4), thus exposed, has been traced toward the right side of the heart. Along the posterior interventricular sulcus some of the fibers of this layer have been cut across to split open the interventricular septum into which much of the deep layer appears to turn. Detailed dissection of heart. Ventricular myocardium, posterior view of deep layer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=3-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0003.007.L.jpg The choroid plexus and tela chorioidea have been removed to expose the entire left half of the fourth ventricle. The inferior margin of the lateral recess of the ventricle is marked by the cut edge of the taenia ventriculi quarti (29) which can be traced laterally across several rootlets of the ninth and tenth nerves. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Rhomboid fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.004.L.jpg Detailed dissection of heart. Ventricular myocardium, posterior view of superficial layer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=120-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0120.005.L.jpg Detailed dissection of heart. Ventricular myocardium, apical view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.007.L.jpg This section is 5 mm. above the previous level. Within the tegmentum the massive decussation of the brachium conjunctivum (8) occupies a large area. The medial lemniscus (14) is more clearly seen on the right side. It lies close to the surface at this level and is crescent-shaped in cross section. The nucleus (13) of the trochlear nerve lies just above fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (7). The cut passes through the inferior colliculi (11) which lie in the tectum of the mesencephalon. The lateral lemniscus (2, lower pointer) is lateral to and just beneath the nucleus of the inferior colliculus on either side. Some fibers of this bundle enter the colliculus; others ascend, as the inferior quadrigeminal brachium, to reach the medial geniculate body. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Mesencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.001.L.jpg The plane of section is 7 mm. above that of the last view and is slightly oblique so that the plane on the left side is higher than the right. The cerebral peduncles (22) are prominent although a fragment of the pons is still present. Fibers of the brachium conjunctivum, after crossing the midline are seen approaching the lower end of the red nucleus (20). The pulvinar of the thalamus is cut and fibers pass from it through the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule (3) toward the cortex of the parietal and occipital lobes. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Junction of mesencephalon and diencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=121-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0121.005.L.jpg An elongated opening has been made in the anterior wall of the right ventricle and conus arteriosus. The flap formed by the incision has been retracted downward. The right atrium is visible in the upper left portion of the specimen. Detailed dissection of heart. Tricuspid valve, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.005.L.jpg A section 3.5 mm. thick has been removed. On the right side the cut passes through the fibers of the fifth nerve as they leave the pons. No cranial nerve nucleus, except the mesencephalic root of the fifth nerve, is present in this region of the brain stem. The nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (13) lies in the midst of the fibers of the lemniscus. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Pons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=30-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0030.006.L.jpg At this level and in the remaining views of this series another brain has been substituted for the specimen used thus far. The cut surfaces are unstained, inasmuch as there is sharper contrast between gray and white matter at higher levels of the brain stem and in the region of the basal ganglia. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Pons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.005.L.jpg The sinoatrial node (4) has been exposed by removal of the epicardium near the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. The atrioventricular node (16) has been exposed by the removal of endocardium and some atrial myocardium just above the entrance of the coronary sinus into the right atrium. The atrioventricular bundle has been dissected in its course into the membranous atrioventricular septum, and its right branch (15) has been uncovered by the removal of endocardium and a portion of the myocardium of the muscular interventricular septum. A segment of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve has also been cut away. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Conduction system of heart. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.006.L.jpg The wall of the left ventricle has been resected to expose the red latex cast which fills the ventricle. The myocardium at one point near the apex measures only 1 mm. in thickness. The conus arteriosus has been removed to demonstrate the origin of the ascending aorta and a large septal branch (11) of the left coronary artery. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Latex cast of cavity of left ventricle; septal branch of left coronary artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.003.L.jpg The anterior walls of the right atrium, right ventricle, conus arteriosus and pulmonary trunk have been cut away to reveal a blue latex cast which fills the interior of these chambers. Impressions in the cast produced by muscle trabeculae are clearly visible. Casts of several anterior cardiac veins (9) have been dissected free in removing the wall of the heart and are visible attached at their points of entry into the right atrium. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Latex cast of cavities of right atrium and right ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.004.L.jpg The latex cast has been removed from the specimen shown in the previous view. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Interior of right atrium and right ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.001.L.jpg The thymus has been removed and structures deeper in the superior mediastinal region have been freed of their connective tissue coverings. The pericardial sac has been opened more widely. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Heart and great vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.002.L.jpg The branches of the aortic arch have been exposed by removing the overlying brachiocephalic vein. The superior extent of the pericardial sac in this specimen is indicated at 8. The entire ascending aorta is thus seen to lie within the pericardial cavity. The pleural coverings of the superior mediastinum have been reflected laterally on both sides to provide better exposure of the structures within the area. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Ascending aorta; aortic arch and branches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.002.L.jpg The camera angle has been adjusted to provide a cross-sectional view of the interventricular septum (19). This septum has been retracted slightly away from the left ventricle and has been cut in such a way that the course of the atrioventricular bundle (6) can be traced from its origin in the A-V node (5) to its division into right and left branches (17, 18) at the junction of the membranous and muscular parts of the interventricular septum. The parts of the conduction system have been colored white to provide better photographic contrast. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Conduction system of heart. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.003.L.jpg The latex cast within the left ventricle has been partially removed to expose the anterior cusp of the mitral valve together with its chordae tendineae and related papillary muscles. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Interior of left ventricle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=117-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0117.007.L.jpg The opening into the left ventricle, which was shown in the previous view, has been extended to include the root of the ascending aorta and to expose the aortic semilunar valves. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Latex cast of cavity of left ventricle and origin of aorta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.001.L.jpg An incision has been made in the epicardium (6) bordering the right atrium. The superior vena cava and upper part of the right atrium have been reflected anteriorly and to the left to display the plane of cleavage between the myocardial layers of the right and left atria. In the upper part of the area of contact of the atria there is no interconnection of the two myocardial layers. In the lower part (9), which overlies the point of entrance of the lower right pulmonary vein into the left atrium, there is considerable interweaving of muscle fibers of the two atria. The proximity of this cleavage plane to the fossa ovalis can be readily visualized, although the fossa ovalis is partially obscured in this view. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Interatrial cleavage plane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.002.L.jpg The heart is positioned to display its anterosuperior surface. The epicardium has been removed to expose the right coronary artery (6) and the anterior interventricular branch (13) of the left coronary artery. The previous view illustrates the specimen before dissection. Detailed dissection of heart. Coronary arteries, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.003.L.jpg Detailed dissection of heart. Left surface of heart, epicardium intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.007.L.jpg The heart has been removed except for small margins of the left atrium at the points of entrance of the pulmonary veins (3, 10). The lines along which the serous layer of pericardium reflects onto the heart and its great vessels are visible and are indicated in the drawing at various points (2). A dotted, double-pointed arrow indicates the location of the transverse sinus of the pericardium. A series of small arrows indicates the boundaries of the oblique sinus. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Lines of reflection of serous pericardium onto heart and great vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.001.L.jpg This specimen, from a young woman, displays an abundance of fat in the epicardium. Detailed dissection of heart. Anterior surface of heart, epicardium intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.005.L.jpg The latex cast has been cut away to display the cavity of the left atrium and the posterior cusp of the mitral valve with its associated chordae tendineae. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Interior of left atrium and left ventricle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.006.L.jpg The interatrial wall has been cut vertically to show the relation of the fossa ovalis to the left atrium. The remains of both ventricles and part of the posterior wall of the left atrium have been removed so that the oblique sinus of the pericardial cavity may be visualized. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Interatrial wall sectioned; sinuses of pericardium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=118-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0118.004.L.jpg The aorta and pulmonary trunk have been cut off to expose the transverse sinus of the pericardial cavity (3) and the left atrium. The anterior wall of the left atrium and the anterior cusp of the mitral valve have been resected to uncover the red latex cast which fills the left atrium and is continuous through the atrioventricular ostium with the cast of the left ventricle. Dissection of pericardium and heart in situ. Latex cast of cavities of left atrium and left ventricle; transverse sinus of pericardium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.006.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been dissected to demonstrate the distribution of the coronary arteries and cardiac veins on the posteroinferior aspect of the heart. Detailed dissection of heart. Coronary vessels, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.004.L.jpg The epicardium has been dissected to expose portions of the left coronary artery and the great cardiac vein. The pulmonary trunk has been opened and the left auricle has been retracted. Detailed dissection of heart. Coronary vessels viewed from left side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=119-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0119.005.L.jpg Detailed dissection of heart. Posterior surface of heart, epicardium intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.004.L.jpg The pleura which covered the right side of the mediastinum and the paravertebral area has been removed from the specimen shown in the preceding view. The pericardial cavity has been opened. The endothoracic fascia has been cleared away. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Mediastinal contents viewed from right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.004.L.jpg A supraorbital foramen occurs on the right, a supraorbital notch on the left. Note that within the notch there is a small superciliary canal which extends into the frontal bone. This canal gives passage to a small nutrient artery, an emissary vein, and a nerve filament. The deviation of the bony nasal septum is not unusual. Osteology. Skull, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.005.L.jpg The upper limb has been detached. The left pleural cavity has been opened and the lung has been excised. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Mediastinal pleura viewed from left side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.005.L.jpg Osteology. Roentgenogram of skull, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.002.L.jpg Branches of the pulmonary artery and vein have been removed to demonstrate the segmental bronchi (12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 22) of the lower lobe. The view is directed medially. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.003.L.jpg The upper limb has been detached. The right pleural cavity has been opened and the right lung has been excised. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Mediastinal pleura viewed from right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.001.L.jpg The lower lobe has been dissected to expose the medial basal segmental bronchus (19), the distribution of the pulmonary artery to the anterior area of the lobe and tributaries to the lower left pulmonary vein. The view is directed obliquely upward and medially. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.001.L.jpg Osteology. Skull, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.002.L.jpg The position of sutures on the left (near) surface of skull has been indicated by solid lines in the drawing. Osteology. Roentgenogram of skull, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.006.L.jpg Branches of the left pulmonary artery have been cut away to reveal the more posterior subsegmental bronchi. The pulmonary plexus of nerves (5) has been more fully exposed. A branch of the bronchial artery (6) is visible. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.006.L.jpg This roentgenogram was made with the patient in a supine position. The anterior horns and central parts of the lateral ventricles have been visualized by their content of air. The third ventricle (2) and cerebral aqueduct (1) are also well filled. The cisterns of the lateral fossae (14) are clearly outlined by their content of air. The basal cisterns likewise contain quantities of air but the margins of these spaces are obscured. (These films have been reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. Howard L. Jones of the Palo Alto Hospital.) Radiographs of the brain. Antero-posterior (A-P) pneumoencephalogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.007.L.jpg The left upper lobe has been retracted anteriorly and toward the right. The pleura in the depths of the oblique fissure has been cut to expose the interlobar parts of the left pulmonary artery, the pulmonary plexus of nerves and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and vessels. Unlike the situation in the right lung (124-7), there is no area of fusion of upper and lower lobes on the left. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.007.L.jpg The subject has been placed in a prone position. The lateral ventricles are completely outlined by air. Some air is also contained within the third ventricle (3). The fourth ventricle (2) and the cerebral aqueduct are less distinct and are in part obscured by air in the frontal sinuses (11). Small collections of air (not drawn) can be seen within the subarachnoid spaces in many sulci of the brain. (These films have been reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. Howard L. Jones of the Palo Alto Hospital.) Radiographs of the brain. Postero-anterior (P-A) pneumoencephalogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.004.L.jpg The upper lobe has been dissected from its medial aspect and has been retracted laterally. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.004.L.jpg Air was injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space of this subject, a 1 year old child. The gas has entered the subarachnoid spaces surrounding the brain. The major subarachnoid cisterns are filled and, in addition, the sulci of the cerebral hemispheres in many places contain enough gas to render them visible. Radiographs of the brain. Lateral pneumoencephalogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.005.L.jpg The upper division of the left superior pulmonary vein (10) has been severed. Its branches have been cut off at varying distal points and the main stem of the vein has been retracted anteromedially. This procedure has served to expose the upper part of the left pulmonary artery, parts of the bronchial tree, filaments of the pulmonary plexus of nerves and bronchopulmonary lymphatic nodes and vessels. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.005.L.jpg Air which was injected into the ventricles through the two trephine holes (15), partially fills each lateral ventricle (areas of overlapping indicated by dense stipple in drawing), the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct. The third ventricle is clearly visible only because it is somewhat dilated. The positions of its various recesses and borders, however, are not displaced appreciably. An oval area (8), of greater density than the surrounding outline of the third ventricle, may represent the massa intermedia. However, the position of this area is somewhat anterior to the usual location for this structure. Radiographs of the brain. Lateral pneumoencephalogram; lateral ventricles and third ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.002.L.jpg The five segmental bronchi in the lower lobe (5, 7, 8, 9, 15) have been exposed by the removal of lung parenchyma, smaller bronchi and vessels. The medial basal bronchus (7) has been retracted laterally to expose the posterior basal bronchus (15). The middle lobe bronchus (3) has also been retracted laterally. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.002.L.jpg The procedure is the same as that of the previous view except that films were exposed as the opaque material passed into the venous side of the cerebral vascular system. (These films have been reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. Earl Miller of the University of California Hospital.) Radiographs of the brain. Left internal carotid angiogram, venous phase https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.003.L.jpg The pleura has been divided at the hilus and has been removed from the nearby area of the mediastinum. The partially deflated upper lobe of the lung has been retracted laterally. Dissection of lungs in situ. Left lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.003.L.jpg Diodrast was injected into the right vertebral artery of a living subject and films exposed during the phase of arterial filling. The vertebral artery is visible in relation to the axis and atlas (12), and as it passes through the foramen magnum. The posterior inferior cerebellar branch (11) is given off before the vertebral arteries unite to form the basilar artery (4). The basilar artery terminates by branching into the paired superior cerebellar arteries (2, 3) and the paired posterior cerebral arteries (7, 9). Branches of the latter which pass to the inferior surfaces of the temporal and occipital lobes are indistinct. (These films have been reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. Earl Miller of the University of California Hospital.) Radiographs of the brain. Right vertebral angiogram, arterial phase https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.003.L.jpg The head was turned to the right in this view of the living female subject so that the cervical vertebrae lie in various degrees of rotation. The lower vertebrae are more nearly in the anteroposterior position than the upper ones. The respiratory passages and oral cavity are outlined by their content of air, which produces a dark shadow in the view. Soft tissues are only faintly visible. Osteology. Roentgenogram of head and neck, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.001.L.jpg Osteology. Right orbit, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.002.L.jpg This is an anterior view with an upward and medial angulation in line with the axis of the optic canal. The posterior portion of the skull has been cut away to avoid conflicting shadows. The relation of the anterior clinoid process (11) to the optic canal (10) is shown. Osteology. Roentgenogram of left orbit and optic canal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.007.L.jpg Osteology. Interior of base of skull; middle cranial fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.005.L.jpg Osteology. Interior of base of skull https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.006.L.jpg cribriform plate Osteology. Interior of base of skull; cribriform plate https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.003.a.L.jpg The dissection has been prepared, in a manner similar to that for the right lung (126A-1), to demonstrate the relations of the pulmonary artery and the bronchi in the left lung. In the following view (126-4) the segmental divisions of the bronchi are shown after removal of the left pulmonary artery. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of veins, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Segmental bronchi of left lung in relation to branches of pulmonary artery, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.003.L.jpg Osteology. Skull, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.004.L.jpg Osteology. Skull, midsagittal section https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.001.a.L.jpg The right pleural cavity has been opened. The parenchyma of the lung has been removed. The segmental bronchi with the accompanying branches of the right pulmonary artery have been preserved. The abbreviation "a.p.d." is used in the legend below to indicate the "arteria pulmonalis dextra". The right pulmonary veins have been completely resected. The basal part (5) of the pulmonary artery has been pulled slightly posteriorly to permit better visualization of the lower lobe bronchus. In the following view (126A-2) the segmental bronchi are displayed after the arteries have been entirely removed. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of veins, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Segmental bronchi of right lung in relation to branches of pulmonary artery, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.001.L.jpg Osteology. Skull, inferior close-up view, area of petrous part of temporal bone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.002.a.L.jpg The branches of the right pulmonary artery have been cut away from the specimen shown in the previous photograph to expose the segmental divisions of the right bronchus. The upper lobar bronchus (2) divides into apical, posterior and anterior segmental bronchi (1, 11). The middle lobar bronchus (13) divides into lateral and medial segmental bronchi (15). The inferior lobar bronchus (4) gives off a superior segmental bronchus (3) and continues downward to divide into four basal segmental bronchi (4, 6, 7, 8). In this specimen it is apparent that the lateral ramus (5) of the anterior basal segmental bronchus has a high origin from the lobar bronchus. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of veins, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Segmental bronchi of right lung, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=36-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0036.002.L.jpg A large sutural bone is present near the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures. Osteology. Skull, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.006.L.jpg The pleura has been removed from the left side of the mediastinum and from the paravertebral area. The pericardial cavity has been opened. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Mediastinal contents viewed from left side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.006.L.jpg The anteroposterior diameter of the foramen magnum is unusually large in this skull. The view of the occipital bone (41-2) demonstrates the more common shape of this opening. Osteology. Skull and mandible, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.007.L.jpg The thoracic cavity has been opened from behind. The thoracic viscera have been excised with the exception of the structures which pass through the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet). Lymphatic structures and connective tissue have been removed from the area. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Contents of thoracic inlet viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=35-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0035.007.L.jpg In this specimen one of the depressions (18) in the parietal bone which accommodates arachnoidal granulations (see Section I, 1-3) is unusually prominent as an area of rarification in the bone. Osteology. Roentgenogram of skull, inferosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.003.L.jpg Surface views of lungs. Left lung, medial aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.004.L.jpg Surface views of lungs. Left lung, lateral aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.002.L.jpg Surface views of lungs. Right lung, lateral aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.007.L.jpg This fresh specimen has been opened by a vertical incision which extends from a point near the apex upward along the left border of the heart to separate the anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve. The cut continues upward to open the left atrium along its left border. Fascicles of the left branch of the A-V bundle are clearly visible as delicate white strands in the endocardium of the septal wall (5) of the left ventricle. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of left atrium and left ventricle viewed from left https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.007.L.jpg This section is 12 mm. above the level of the previous section. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Telencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.001.L.jpg Surface views of lungs. Right lung, medial aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.001.L.jpg The plane of section is slightly oblique so that the right side is cut more posteriorly than the left. The view is from behind. The olfactory tracts can be traced posteriorly from the olfactory bulbs into the foreground of the view where the olfactory trigone is visible. The medial olfactory stria is more clearly seen on the left whereas the lateral olfactory stria can be traced on the right side across the anterior perforated substance into the limen insulae. The relations of the medial olfactory stria and the subcallosal gyrus (11) are shown. The anterior cerebral arteries are cut off from their origin from the middle cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery is visible and beyond this the two vessels course in the depths of the longitudinal fissure around the genu of the corpus callosum and reappear as cut ends in the upper part of the view. Frontal section of brain. Olfactory structures visible in frontal section through anterior perforated substance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.005.L.jpg Most of the interventricular septum has been resected from the specimen shown in the preceding view. The part of the septum which remains runs vertically through the center of the photograph. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of left ventricle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.005.L.jpg This section is 6 mm. above the level of the previous view. Relations of the anterior commissure (24) are visible. The frontal stalk of the thalamus (11) can be traced into the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The section passes just below the interventricular foramina (23). Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Diencephalon and telencephalon; level of anterior commissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.006.L.jpg The anterior cusp of the mitral valve has been freed of its chordal attachments and retracted upward. By this means the posterior cusp of the valve (7), the valvular ostium (6) and the interior of the left atrium have been brought to view. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of left ventricle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.006.L.jpg This section, 7 mm. above the previous level, illustrates the anterior limb of the internal capsule as it passes forward between the head of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Telencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.003.L.jpg The specimen has been rotated so that the interior of the left auricle is visible. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of left auricle viewed through left atrium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.003.L.jpg A section 4 mm. in thickness has been removed. The tegmental fields (of Forel) are visible at this level. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Diencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.004.L.jpg Two incisions have been made in this specimen. The initial cut through the anterior wall of the heart has opened the right ventricle and conus arteriosus and has produced a large flap (3) which is retracted. The second cut (10) has been made through the interventricular septum and has been extended upwards to include the anterior wall of the aorta. The septum has been retracted to expose the interior of the left ventricle (17). Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of right and left ventricles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.004.L.jpg The level of this section is 7 mm. above that of the last. The lentiform nucleus is sectioned through its mid-portion. Efferent fibers of the globus pallidus pass, as the ansa lenticularis, around the medial margin of the internal capsule. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Diencephalon and telencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.001.L.jpg The left atrium has been opened by means of a U-shaped incision through its posterior wall. The left surface of the interatrial septum (13) appears opposite this incision. Detailed dissection of heart. Interior of left atrium, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=122-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0122.002.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been turned so that the view is directed downward through the ostium of the mitral valve (1). Detailed dissection of heart. Mitral valve viewed through left atrium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=31-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0031.002.L.jpg This section is 5 mm. above the previous level. The medial lemnisci have now terminated within the ventral posterior lateral nuclei of the thalamus (5). On the left fibers from this nucleus are visible as they pass toward the internal capsule to form the parietal stalk or sensory radiation of the thalamus (5, upper pointer). The capsule of the red nucleus (6) consists largely of fibers which pass from the opposite dentate nucleus of the cerebellum by way of the brachium conjunctivum to the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. Serial transverse sections of the brain stem. Diencephalon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.004.L.jpg The dura has been exposed by removing part of the occipital bone and the arches of the upper five cervical vertebrae. The cranial dura mater is continuous through the foramen magnum (15) with that which covers the spinal cord. The spinal dura is separated from the wall of the vertebral canal by the epidural space which contains fat and plexiform veins. In the cervical region this space is narrow and the veins are small. Below the foramen magnum the dura is fused with the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (16) so that above the level of the atlas no epidural space is present. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Dura mater in cervical region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.002.L.jpg The spinal meninges have been exposed in the cervical region (A), thoracic region (B) and lumbosacral region (C). These areas are the subject of separate study in the following views of this series. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Orientation view; areas of subsequent close-up views indicated https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.003.L.jpg The vertebral arches have been cut away with the exception of the left half of the second lumbar arch and spine (16). This spine serves as a land-mark in the close-up studies of the lumbar region which follow and is a guide to the location of the termination of the spinal cord. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. General view of spinal cord; meninges removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.007.L.jpg The right upper lobe (10) and middle lobe (19) have been pulled across the midline of the body to demonstrate the hilar region of the lower lobe and to display the interlobar parts of the pulmonary vessels. Small areas of fusion between the upper and lower lobes (1), and between the middle and lower lobes (3), have been divided in order to separate the lobes. The bronchopulmonary lymphatic vessels and nodes of the lower lobe have been preserved. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=125-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0125.001.L.jpg The upper and middle lobes have been removed. The lobar bronchi (2, 17) have been preserved with their segmental divisions. The lower lobe has been partially dissected. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=34-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0034.001.L.jpg Diodrast was injected into the internal carotid artery of a living subject and films exposed during the phase of arterial filling. The carotid artery can be followed through the carotid canal of the temporal bone (below pointer 10), into its typical double bend in the region of the cavernous sinus (above pointer 10). The ophthalmic artery (9) and anterior choroidal artery (17) branch from the carotid before it divides into the middle (18) and anterior (3) cerebral arteries. Both anterior cerebral arteries are filled but the left one is more clearly outlined than the right. (These films have been reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. Earl Miller of the University of California Hospital.) Radiographs of the brain. Left internal carotid angiogram, arterial phase https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.005.L.jpg The dissection has been carried more deeply into the lung. Various branches of the pulmonary vessels have been divided or partially removed to permit better visualization of the bronchial distribution. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.006.L.jpg The apical (4) and anterior (14) segmental bronchi have been freed and pulled forward to permit exposure of the posterior segmental bronchus (6) and its two rami (5). Branches of the pulmonary artery and vein have been cut off in various ways. The continuity of these vessels may be ascertained by reference to the several preceding views of this series. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.004.L.jpg The dissection has been extended from that shown in the previous view to include the anterior and apical segments of the upper lobe. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.004.L.jpg The articular processes of the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae have been cut away on the right side to reveal the lateral course of the 10th thoracic spinal roots. Subarachnoid spaces extend only a millimeter or two along the anterior and posterior roots after they pierce the dura mater. A narrow bridge of dura intervenes between the motor and sensory roots. A mass of plexiform veins was removed from the intervertebral foramen. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Roots and ganglion of 10th thoracic nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.005.L.jpg The arches of the third, fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae and the upper two sacral segments have been resected. Epidural fat has been removed to expose segmentally arranged veins (15). Several fibrous strands (10) pass from the lower part of the dura to the sacrum. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Lumbar region; dura covering cauda equina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.002.L.jpg The right pleural cavity has been opened and the lung has been retracted laterally. The hilar parts of the upper and middle lobes have been dissected. Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.002.L.jpg The epidural space lying deep to the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae has been exposed. A window has been cut through the dura to expose the subdural space with the arachnoid membrane in its depths. The subdural space appears unduly large due to the collapse of the underlying arachnoid. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Epidural space in thoracic region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.003.L.jpg The close relation of branches of the pulmonary artery (4, blue) to the bronchial branches is evident, as well as the distinct intersegmental position of branches of the pulmonary vein (9, red). Dissection of lungs in situ. Right lung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.003.L.jpg Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Epidural plexus of veins, upper thoracic region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.007.L.jpg The lungs have been dissected from their medial surfaces and are reflected laterally for this photograph. Fragmentary portions of all of the chambers of the heart have been preserved. The great vessels have been kept intact, although the aorta (8) and pulmonary trunk (27) have been elevated to expose more posterior parts of the heart. Dissection of lungs in situ. General view of vascular and bronchial distribution within lungs. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.007.L.jpg The spinal cord has been divided between the fifth and sixth cervical segments. The fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae have been cut away extensively on the right to expose the nerve roots (8, 9), ganglion (22) and posterior primary division (23) of the fifth cervical nerve. Arterial branches of the vertebral artery, passing along both nerve roots to the spinal cord, also supply the dura mater. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Close-up view of meningeal relations to roots and ganglion of 5th cervical nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=124-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0124.001.L.jpg The specimen is shown in a considerably more advanced stage of dissection than that in the previous view. The upper lobes of both lungs and the right middle lobe have been removed. However, the major vessels and bronchi to these parts have been preserved. Most of the heart has been removed. The ascending aorta has been cut off to expose the right pulmonary artery (8). The pericardium has been cut away except for its posterior and diaphragmatic parts. Dissection of lungs in situ. General view of vascular and bronchial distribution within lungs. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.001.L.jpg The spinal cord has been cut transversely immediately above the seventh cervical segment and the lower part retracted posteriorly. This affords a view of the anterior roots and anterior spinal artery. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Cervical spinal cord; anterior roots and spinal artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.005.L.jpg The anterior part of the thoracic wall has been removed. The neck and mediastinum have been dissected to display the major cervical and thoracic parts of the respiratory system. Reference should be made to views 116-ff. for earlier phases of the dissection of this specimen. Dissection of lungs in situ. Larynx, trachea, main bronchi and lungs https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.005.L.jpg The dura mater has been cut away so that the transparent arachnoid membrane is exposed. The subarachnoid space increases in volume above the level of the second cervical dorsal roots. This is part of the cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna). Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Arachnoid in cervical region; cisterna magna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=123-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0123.006.L.jpg This film of a living subject was made after the bronchial tree had been partially filled with iodized oil. The air passages are distinguished in some places by their content of air (e.g. 1, 2) and elsewhere by their content of radio-opaque material either alone or in combination with air. The manner of branching of the bronchi within both lower lobes is partially obscured by overlapping shadows. Details of the bronchial distribution in these lobes are shown in the lobar dissections which follow. Dissection of lungs in situ. Bronchogram, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=32-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0032.006.L.jpg The arachnoid membrane has been cut away. Between nearly every group of cervical posterior roots small accessory filaments appear, such as the one seen at 17. This one divides and contributes fibers to two cervical nerves. In other instances, however, two filaments from neighboring posterior roots (e.g., right 4th and 5th roots) join to form a single strand which then passes out with one of the nerves. These filaments were not present in lower parts of the spinal cord. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Cervical spinal cord; denticulate ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.006.L.jpg The dura has been cut away in such a manner that the arachnoid membrane remains intact. The filum terminale (15) appears as a white strand deep to the arachnoid. An extensive subarachnoid space surrounds nerve roots which form the cauda equina. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Arachnoid membrane covering cauda equina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=33-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0033.007.L.jpg The lumbar part of the spinal cord has been exposed. The conus medullaris ends at the level of the arch of the second lumbar vertebra. Exploration of the spinal cord and meninges in situ. Cauda equina, conus medullaris and filum terminale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.005.L.jpg The foot has been positioned so that the talus is seen in profile within the talocrural joint. The tarsal bones and intertarsal joints are more clearly visible in the following radiographs. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Mortise of left ankle joint, posteroanterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.006.L.jpg The temporal bone was decalcified after removal of the ear ossicles. These ossicles were then replaced in their normal positions. The view is from above. The ossicles are shown in detail in 62-6 ff. Osteology. Roentgenogram, right temporal bone; ear ossicles in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.006.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Grant Melvin Stevens. Radiography. Left foot, lateromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.007.L.jpg Osteology. Left temporal bone, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.004.L.jpg Osteology. Left temporal bone, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.005.L.jpg The contours of the bony labyrinth are visible because of the air which fills the labyrinth and contrasts with the surrounding petrous bone. Osteology. Roentgenogram, right temporal bone, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.002.L.jpg Osteology. Left temporal bone, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.003.L.jpg Osteology. Left temporal bone, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=40-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0040.001.L.jpg The crista transversa (11) divides the fundus into a superior and inferior fossa. The apex of the petrous pyramid is to the right of the view. Osteology. Left temporal bone; close-up view of fundus of internal auditory meatus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.006.L.jpg The numerous branches of the posterior cerebral arteries are illustrated in this close-up view as they enter the posterior perforated substance in the depths of the interpeduncular fossa. A piece of arachnoid membrane covers the left third nerve and cerebral peduncle (right side of view). The space seen between this membrane and the brain represents a portion of the interpeduncular cistern. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Arteries of interpeduncular fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.007.L.jpg The posterior cerebral arteries, together with most of the branches which entered the interpeduncular fossa, are divided and retracted toward the medulla. The fossa, particularly its posterior recess, is well exposed. The line along which the filaments of the third nerve leave the brain stem appears on each side of the fossa. Note the "posterior perforated substance," an appearance created by pulling out numerous small arteries from the tegmentum in the depths of the fossa. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. The posterior perforated substance and oculomotor nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.004.L.jpg The vertebral and internal carotid arteries are visible as they reach the basal surface of the brain to enter into the formation of the arterial circle of Willis. A portion of the right temporal lobe has been cut away to reveal the middle cerebral artery with some of its branches deep in the lateral fissure. The optic chiasm is partially removed to display the anterior communicating artery. The internal auditory arteries are not clearly demonstrated in this specimen. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Arteries of basal surface of brain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.005.L.jpg The medial portion of the right temporal lobe, including the uncus and part of the hippocampal structures, has been cut away. The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is thus opened and the choroid plexus exposed. The arachnoid membrane is intact in several areas. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Relations of tip of inferior horn of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.002.L.jpg The optic tract and part of the lateral geniculate body have been elevated from their usual position to expose the structures in the neighborhood of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. These include the stria terminalis (16), choroidal fissure (18), fornix (14) and hippocampal fissure (20). Note that choroidal arteries (8, 18) are derived both from the middle cerebral and posterior cerebral arteries whereas arterial branches entering the hippocampal fissure come only from the posterior cerebral artery. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Stria terminalis, choroidal fissure, fornix, hippocampal fissure and choroidal arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.003.L.jpg Osteology. Roentgenogram, sphenoid bone, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.003.L.jpg The anterior half of the lentiform nucleus has been removed. Branches of the striate arteries which passed through the nucleus are preserved. The external capsule is exposed from its medial side. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Lentiform nucleus partially removed; external capsule and striate arteries exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.004.L.jpg Osteology. Sphenoid bone, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.001.L.jpg Osteology. Roentgenogram, sphenoid bone, inferosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.001.L.jpg Removal of all but the sublenticular part of the internal capsule illustrates the position of the visual radiation (18). A few fibers remain on the surface of the lentiform nucleus. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Lateral geniculate body and geniculocalcarine tract https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.002.L.jpg . Osteology. Sphenoid bone, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.006.L.jpg Osteology. Sphenoid bone, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.007.L.jpg Osteology. Sphenoid bone, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.005.L.jpg Osteology. Occipital bone, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.006.L.jpg The erector spinae muscle of the left side has been removed to reveal the lower lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum and the posterior part of the ilium, together with ligaments associated with these bones. The gluteal muscles have been retained. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Gluteus maximus in relation to lumbosacral spine, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.007.L.jpg The gluteus maximus has been divided transversely across its midportion and the ends of the muscle have been reflected medially and laterally. The medial part of the lamina of fascia lata underlying the muscle has been removed. The gluteus medius and piriformis muscles have been exposed together with the sciatic nerve and branches of the gluteal vessels and nerves. The medial area of this dissection is shown in detail in the following view. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Deep relations of gluteus maximus, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.004.L.jpg In this dissection the fascia covering the gluteus maximus and that over the tensor fasciae latae has been cut away to illustrate the manner in which these two muscles converge toward their insertions into the iliotibial tract (4) of the fascia lata. Fascia lata has been removed elsewhere from the thigh. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae into iliotibial tract, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.005.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been dissected to expose the numerous small arteries and veins that perforate the fascia lata to ramify superficially over the buttock. The superior (1) and inferior (4) clunial nerves have been dissected. The more laterally placed inferior clunial nerves (4, lower pointer) are derived from the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, whereas those emerging more medially arise from the perforating cutaneous nerve (S2, S3). Middle clunial nerves are not clearly shown in this preparation but are demonstrated in the following view. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Superficial vessels and nerves of gluteal region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.002.L.jpg The arteries have been filled with thoratrast. Radiography. Angiogram, right lower limb of newborn infant https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.003.L.jpg Osteology. Occipital bone, internal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.003.L.jpg The fascia covering the gluteus maximus muscles has been resected, together with the superficial vessels and nerves of the buttocks. The adipose tissue within the left ischiorectal fossa has been dissected away. The posterior part of the fascia lata has been cut away. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. General view of gluteal muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.004.L.jpg Numerous channels for diploic veins (4) are visible close to the dense bone which bounds the foramen magnum (8) posteriorly and laterally. These channels are continuous upward into the squamous part of the bone near the midline. Less prominent bilateral channels are present near the mastoid border of the bone. Osteology. Roentgenogram, occipital bone, internal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=178-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0178.007.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Right foot, dorsoplantar view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.001.L.jpg The petrous and tympanic parts of the bone have been ground away from below to expose the tympanic cavity (middle ear), which occupies the central area of the view, and the osseous labyrinth (inner ear), medial to the tympanic cavity. The cochlea has been opened parallel to the modiolus (6) to expose its basal, middle, and apical turns. Osteology. Left temporal bone, inferior view; middle and inner ear cavities dissected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=179-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0179.001.L.jpg The direction of view is such that the transverse tarsal joint and the bones and joints distal to it are visualized with a minimum of overlapping shadows. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Grant Melvin Stevens. Radiography. Left foot, oblique dorsoplantar view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=41-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0041.002.L.jpg Osteology. Occipital bone, external view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.005.L.jpg The sphenopalatine foramen (21) is visible in the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa (22). Osteology. Right temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae, inferolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.006.L.jpg A supraorbital notch (14) is present on the left side. A single internal opening on the right leads to two external foramina, supraorbital (5) and frontal (6). Osteology. Frontal bone, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.003.L.jpg Note the presence of a third molar tooth (9) on the right only. This tooth is incompletely erupted and shows no signs of wear on its occlusal surface whereas the remaining teet are considerably worn. The posterior tips of the conchae are visible through the choanae, and a part of the cribriform plate appears in the roof of the nasal fossa. Osteology. Hard palate, inferior surface https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.004.L.jpg The relations of the coronoid process of the mandible to the zygomatic arch and temporal fossa are illustrated. Osteology. Right temporal fossa and mandible viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.002.L.jpg The left middle and superior conchae have been cut away and ethmoidal air cells widely opened. A window has been cut through the inferior concha to reveal the position of the nasal opening of the nasolacrimal canal (24). The specimen is viewed from the right side. Osteology. Lateral wall of left nasal fossa dissected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.007.L.jpg The skull has been cut in a parasagittal plane a few millimeters to the left of the midline. Osteology. Bony nasal septum, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.001.L.jpg The osseous septum has been cut away from the specimen seen in view 37-7 to reveal the bones which together form the right lateral wall of the nasal fossa. The right sphenoid sinus (15) is visible through a window cut in the septum which separates the two sinuses. Osteology. Lateral wall of right nasal fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.005.L.jpg This view of the sinuses of a normal adult woman was made with a 23 degree upward inclination from the anteroposterior axis. An area of calcification is present in the falx cerebri (1). Osteology. Roentgenogram of paranasal sinuses, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.006.L.jpg Osteology. Nasal fossae, posterior view through choanae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.003.L.jpg Osteology. Nasolacrimal canals, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=37-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0037.004.L.jpg Osteology. Nasal fossae and orbits, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.002.L.jpg The dura mater has been partly stripped away from the middle fossa to open the cavernous sinus and a large sinus lateral to it (11, lower pointer). This latter receives the middle and several inferior cerebral veins (11) anteriorly and communicates posteriorly with the superior petrosal sinus (9). It also communicates with the cavernous sinus and middle meningeal veins. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Middle cranial fossa, middle meningeal vessels and cavernous sinus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.003.L.jpg The left half of the brain stem has been removed and the basilar part of the pons cut away on the right to reveal the course of the basilar artery (19). The inferior petrosal sinus and basilar plexus have not been opened but their positions under the dura are identified by the blue color of the latex with which they are filled. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Posterior cranial fossa, basilar and vertebral arteries, petrosal sinuses and basilar plexus of veins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.007.L.jpg Osteology. Roentgenogram, left temporal bone, mediolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=4-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0004.001.L.jpg The arachnoid has been removed from the pineal body and nearby vessels. In this specimen the pineal body is curved upward around the splenium of the corpus callosum and the internal cerebral veins life along its lateral borders. The great cerebral vein (of Galen), which is formed by the confluence of the internal cerebral veins along the upper surface of the pineal body is unusually short here. The subarachnoid space between the cerebellum and the cerebral veins is somewhat comma-shaped and is known as the cisterna venae magnae cerebri (cisterna ambiens). Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Close-up view of relation of internal cerebral veins to pineal body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.006.L.jpg The petrous part of the bone projects into the foreground. The squamous part lies above and to its right, the mastoid portion to the left. Osteology. Left temporal bone, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.004.L.jpg Osteology. Left parietal bone, internal surface https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.005.L.jpg Osteology. Left temporal bone, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.002.L.jpg Osteology. Frontal bone, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.003.L.jpg The superior and inferior temporal lines of this specimen are indistinct but these are visible in the lateral view of the skull (35-1). Osteology. Left parietal bone, external surface https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=38-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0038.007.L.jpg Osteology. Roentgenogram of frontal bone, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=39-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0039.001.L.jpg Osteology. Frontal bone, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.007.L.jpg The biceps and semitendinosus muscles have been detached from their origins on the ischial tuberosity to permit them to be dissected. Branches of the tibial nerve and of the medial circumflex femoral artery enter the proximal parts of the muscle bellies. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Nerve supply to hamstring muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.001.L.jpg The long head of the biceps has been excised to expose the nerves that enter the semitendinosus. The semitendinosus has been cut across at its origin and turned slightly medially. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Nerve supply to semitendinosus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.005.L.jpg The popliteal fossa is shown in view 183-1 with its contents exposed in their normal relations. In the present stage of the dissection the hamstring muscles have been widely separated, the gastrocnemius has been dissected, and the tibial nerve has been retracted laterally to reveal the course of the popliteal artery and vein. Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels are preserved within the fossa. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Deep relations of sciatic nerve in popliteal fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.006.L.jpg The long head of the biceps (8) has been detached from its origin and has been rotated medially to expose the nerve and blood vessels that enter the belly of the muscle. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Biceps femoris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.003.L.jpg The long head of the biceps has been displaced medially to reveal the passage of the sciatic nerve deep to this muscle. The fascial layer (5) that extends inward between the two heads of the biceps is continuous above the fascia deep to the gluteus maximus. The lateral intermuscular septum (4) extends upward to blend with the tendon of insertion of the gluteus maximus. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Relations of sciatic nerve in upper part of thigh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.004.L.jpg The sciatic nerve has been exposed from the greater sciatic foramen downward into the thigh. The relations of the nerve to the ischial tuberosity (19) and greater trochanter (6) are shown. Several arteries (1, 2, 7, 14, 21) ramify within the area of the dissection. These vessels, together with branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (not shown) form the cruciate anastomosis. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Relations of sciatic nerve in upper part of thigh (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.002.L.jpg The hamstring muscles (biceps, semitendinosus and semimembranosus) have been pulled aside to reveal the sciatic nerve in situ. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Course of sciatic nerve in thigh, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.007.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding photograph is illustrated here in a close-up view of the upper thigh. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Posterior muscles of upper part of thigh, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=183-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0183.001.L.jpg The lower part of the dissection illustrated in view 182-6 is shown in this photograph. Adipose tissue has been removed from the popliteal fossa. The hamstring muscles (3, 8, 9) have been separated from each other to expose the sciatic nerve passing into the fossa from above. Reference should be made to view 182-5 for the superficial dissection of this area and to views 183-5 and 190-2 for deeper dissections. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Popliteal fossa, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.005.L.jpg This close-up view of the lower area of dissection shown in 182-3 illustrates details of the superficial structures of the popliteal region. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Superficial vessels and nerves of popliteal region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.006.L.jpg The fascia lata has been removed and the underlying muscles have been cleaned of connective tissue and slightly separated from each other. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Posterior muscles of thigh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.004.L.jpg The inguinal canal has been opened in the dissection of the anterior abdominal wall. In the thigh the tela subcutanea has been dissected and the fascia lata remains intact. The boundaries of the femoral triangle may be identified by locating the inguinal ligament (4), the rounded border of the adductor longus (8) and the sartorius muscle (12). The latter two structures are covered by fascia lata so that their contours are ill-defined. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Superficial structures overlying left femoral triangle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.005.L.jpg The humerus has been abducted. Shoulder. Capsule and ligaments of left shoulder joint, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.005.L.jpg The muscles have been cleared of connective tissue and separated slightly from each other. The fascia lata has been retained over part of the femoral triangle (3). The anterior border of the iliotibial tract has been partially removed to show the underlying vastus lateralis. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Muscles of left thigh, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.004.L.jpg Shoulder. Capsule and ligaments of left shoulder joint, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.002.L.jpg Dissection of iliopsoas muscle and lumbar plexus. Right iliopsoas muscle in relation to spine, pelvis and femur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.003.L.jpg The subscapular muscle has been partially cut away from the specimen shown previously (91-7). The capsule of the shoulder joint is reinforced anteriorly by the middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments (5,6). The contours of these extracapsular ligaments are not clearly visible externally. They are more evident in the interior of the joint (94-7). Shoulder. Capsule and ligaments of left shoulder joint, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.003.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been dissected to expose the cutaneous nerves and superficial vessels of the left thigh. On the right side the muscles of the thigh have been exposed and cleaned. Detailed close-ups of the superficial structures are shown in views 185-4, 189-4, 189-5, 189-6. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. General view of superficial vessels and nerves of left thigh; anterior muscles of right thigh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.002.L.jpg The muscles have been detached from their origins and reflected laterally. Shoulder. Nerve and blood supply to supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.007.L.jpg The left psoas major has been detached from its spinal origins and turned laterally. Nerves to the psoas, as well as the major parts of the lumbar plexus, have been exposed. Dissection of iliopsoas muscle and lumbar plexus. Lumbar plexus; nerves to psoas major https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.001.L.jpg Dissection of iliopsoas muscle and lumbar plexus. Nerves and blood supply to iliacus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.006.L.jpg The relations of the iliopsoas muscles to the lumbar vertebrae, pelvic girdle and thigh are illustrated in this dissection. In the following two views details of the lumbar plexus and of the innervation of the iliopsoas muscle have been worked out on the left side of the same specimen. Dissection of iliopsoas muscle and lumbar plexus. Iliopsoas and quadratus lumborum muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.004.L.jpg The biceps, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles have been resected. The branch (18) of the sciatic nerve that supplies the extensor part of the adductor magnus is shown in this dissection. The remainder of the muscle receives its innervation from the obturator nerve as illustrated in view 188-3. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Adductor magnus muscle; nerve supply from sciatic nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.005.L.jpg The sciatic nerve has been retracted laterally and the adductor magnus has been slightly deflected medially to reveal the adductor minimus. This muscle is often fused with the adductor magnus and is usually described as a part of it. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Adductor minimus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.002.L.jpg The long head of the biceps (4) has been cut off near its junction with the short head. The semitendinosus has been removed to expose the semimembranosus (9). Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Semimembranosus muscle and short head of biceps femoris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=184-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0184.003.L.jpg The semimembranosus has been dissected to illustrate the entrance of branches of the sciatic nerve into the muscle. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Nerves supply to semimembranosus muscle and short head of biceps femoris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.006.L.jpg Branches of the sacral plexus have been elevated in order to demonstrate the nerve to the quadratus femoris (4) in its course across the posterior surface of the ischium deep to the gemelli and obturator internus muscles. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Nerve to quadratus femoris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.007.L.jpg The gluteus minimus has been reflected downward to reveal the capsule of the hip joint. A branch of the superior gluteal nerve to the capsule is stretched around the retracted muscle. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Relation of gluteus minimus to capsule of hip joint; nerve to hip joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.004.L.jpg The gluteus maximus (9) and gluteus medius (7) muscles have been cut off close to their insertions. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Nerve supply to gluteus minimus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.005.L.jpg The tendon of the piriformis (9) has been divided near its insertion to allow the muscle (1) to be reflected upward. The sacrotuberous ligament (24) has also been divided and its upper part reflected medially. The sacral plexus is partially exposed. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Contents of greater sciatic foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.003.L.jpg Detachment of the gluteus medius from its origin above the anterior gluteal line (7) has permitted it to be reflected downward. Connective tissue has been removed from the underlying muscle, vessels and nerves. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Gluteus minimus muscle; superior gluteal vessels and nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.001.L.jpg The fascia deep to the gluteus maximus has been dissected to expose the inferior gluteal nerve (7) and the branches of the superior and inferior gluteal vessels (2, 8) that supply the muscle. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Close-up view of nerves and blood vessels of gluteus maximus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=180-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0180.002.L.jpg The aponeurosis covering the anterior part of the gluteus medius has been reflected anteriorly. The gluteus maximus has been cut off close to its origins to demonstrate the underlying bony landmarks and ligaments in relation to the remaining muscles. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Gluteus medius and piriformis muscles; sciatic nerve, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.006.L.jpg The thin gray lamina of the claustrum has been exposed by removal of part of the external capsule. More posteriorly in this area the medial fibers of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus (11) are also uncovered. The choroidal fissure is opened and the substantia innominata and part of the amygdaloid nucleus removed so that the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle can be seen. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Claustrum, inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, amygdaloid nucleus and inferior horn of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.007.L.jpg Osteology. Roentgenogram, ethmoid bone, superoinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.007.L.jpg The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle was widely opened by cutting away the sublenticular and retrolenticular parts of the internal capsule and much of the amygdaloid nucleus. The specimen is viewed somewhat from in front so that the posterior horn of the ventricle is visible. The tapetum and occipital radiation of the corpus callosum are seen in relation to this horn. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Hippocampus, fimbria, crus of fornix, inferior and posterior horns of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.004.L.jpg The remainder of the lentiform nucleus has been taken out and the optic tract removed. The retrolenticular (12) and sublenticular (15) parts of the internal capsule are visible. The anterior perforated substance is cut away to reveal the course of the lateral striate arteries from the middle cerebral artery through the area of the lentiform nucleus. The medial inferior region of the frontal lobe is cut away. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Retrolenticular and sublenticular parts of internal capsule; striate arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.005.L.jpg Osteology. Sphenoid bone, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=18-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0018.005.L.jpg The area beneath and behind the posterior limb of the anterior commissure has been dissected away to reveal the extension of the stria terminalis in the region of the amygdaloid nucleus. The complex relations of fibers and gray matter in this area, known as the substantia innominata, do not lend themselves to display by gross dissection. However, a system of fibers (3) is seen passing laterally toward the temporal lobe in this area beneath the lentiform nucleus. These fibers approach the region from the upper surface (stratum zonale) of the thalamus and follow an arching course roughly parallel to the stria terminalis. They have been described as the thalamotemporal tract. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Relation of stria terminalis to amygdaloid nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=42-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0042.006.L.jpg Osteology. Ethmoid bone, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.003.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been dissected to expose the cutaneous blood vessels and nerves of the posterior aspect of the thigh. For other views of the superficial structures of the hip and thigh reference should be made to views 179-5, 182-4, and 182-5. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Superficial vessels; fascia lata; posterior femoral cutaneous nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.004.L.jpg This photograph is a close-up view of the specimen which was shown in the previous view. Details of the branching of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and of the distribution of branches of other nerves that reach the posterior aspect of the thigh are visible. Dissection of posterior aspect of left thigh. Superficial vessels and nerves of mid-thigh, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.001.L.jpg A large window has been cut through the inferior part of the hip joint capsule. The transverse acetabular ligament has been partially cut away to expose the ligament of the head of the femur. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Interior of left hip joint, viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=182-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0182.002.L.jpg The articular capsule has been widely opened. The femur has been partially dislocated from the acetabulum and adducted so that the shaft of the bone lies against the pubic symphysis. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Interior of left hip joint, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.007.L.jpg Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Capsule and ligament of left hip joint, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.005.L.jpg Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Capsule and ligaments of left hip joint, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.006.L.jpg The femur has been abducted approximately 30 Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Capsule and ligaments of left hip joint, viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.003.L.jpg The pelvic contents have been removed and the sacral plexus on the right side has been cut away to expose the piriformis muscle. The nerves to the piriformis (19), derived from the first and second sacral nerves, have been preserved. The obturator internus (10) has also been dissected with its nerve supply. The insertions of both muscles are visible in the dissections illustrated in views 180-4 and 181-4. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Intrapelvic portions of obturator internus and piriformis muscles, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.004.L.jpg This dissection has been photographed to illustrate the relations of the piriformis and the obturator internus and externus muscles to the capsule of the hip joint and to the bony pelvis and femur. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Piriformis and obturator muscles, posterior view of right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.001.L.jpg The piriformis and the gluteal muscles have been cut away. The sciatic nerve has been cut off close to the greater sciatic foramen. Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Obturator internus and quadratus femoris muscles, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=181-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0181.002.L.jpg The specimen has been turned so that the obturator externus (17) and the insertion of the iliopsoas (19) are visible in relation to the quadratus femoris (5). Exploration of gluteal region and hip. Quadratus femoris and obturator externus muscles, viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.001.L.jpg The specimen has been turned to expose the posterior aspect of the quadriceps in relation to the femur. The adductor muscles and hamstrings have been removed. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Quadriceps femoris muscle (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.002.L.jpg The rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles have been cut away to reveal the vastus intermedius. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Quadriceps femoris muscle (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.002.L.jpg This view demonstrates the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery. On the right nearly the entire course of the artery is visible. On the left most of the cortical branches are cut off. The lentiform nucleus has been removed on the left to demonstrate the internal capsule. A portion of the tip of the left temporal lobe is visible showing the relation of the hippocampus to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The brain stem is sectioned through the mesencephalon at the level of the inferior colliculi. The corpus callosum has been cut in the midline and most of the left portion removed. Note Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. General cortical distribution of posterior cerebral artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.003.L.jpg Branches of the ulnar (17) and median (volar interosseous branch, 20) nerves to the flexor digitorum profundus muscle have been dissected. In this specimen the interosseous arteries arise separately from the ulnar artery. Consequently the common interosseous artery is absent. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve supply to flexor digitorum profundus muscle (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.003.L.jpg In the first stage of the dissection the cortex and immediately subjacent fibers have been scraped away from an area of the inferior aspect of the temporal lobe and medial side of the occipital lobe. Association fiber systems thus exposed are the cingulum (22), leading toward the uncus, and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (22), seen more posteriorly extending between the occipital and temporal areas. The line of Gennari, characteristic of the visual (striate) cortex, is clearly visible in the sectioned cortex at (17). Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Cingulum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.002.L.jpg The portion of the flexor digitorum profundus to the index finger (5) has been retracted laterally and the remainder of the muscle (13) has been retracted medially. The distal ramification of branches of the volar interosseous nerve and artery in the muscle is visible. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve supply to flexor digitorum profundus muscle (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.007.L.jpg The superficial structures and the muscles have been cut away to reveal the fibrous reinforcements of the anterior aspect of the right knee. Dissection of knee. Capsule, ligaments and arteries of right knee, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.001.L.jpg The flexor pollicis longus muscle has been retracted laterally to reveal the muscular branches of the interosseous nerve which supply the medial part of the muscle. Nerves to the flexor digitorum profundus have been exposed, particularly to that part of the muscle which inserts on the index finger. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve supply to flexor digitorum profundus muscle; volar interosseous artery and nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.001.L.jpg The specimen is the left half of a brain sectioned in the midsagittal plane. The brain stem has been removed by a cut through the thalamus and internal capsule. The trunk of the posterior cerebral artery together with its choroidal and hippocampal branches is likewise cut away. The meninges have been stripped off. The arched course of the fornix (16) around the cerebral peduncle and thalamus can be traced. The continuation of the dentate fascia (gyrus) via the fasciola cinerea into the supracallosal gyrus (induseum griseum) is apparent. Note that the hippocampal fissure also continues around the splenium to the upper side of the corpus callosum. Here it is known as the sulcus corporis callosi. The hippocampal gyrus (10) narrows posteriorly as the isthmus gyri fornicati and this in turn is continuous with the gyrus cinguli. The hippocampus is obscured by the fornix in this view. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Relations of fornix, dentate fascia and hippocampal gyrus to corpus callosum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.007.L.jpg The muscle has been elevated and its fascicles separated or cut away in part to expose the intramuscular course of its nerve. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve supply to flexor pollicis longus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.005.L.jpg The lateral patellar retinaculum (4) and the lower part of the iliotibial tract (2) reinforce the knee joint laterally. Dissection of knee. Superficial vessels and nerves of left knee; patellar retinaculum; iliotibial tract, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.006.L.jpg The ulnar artery (11,26)has been resected and the deep flexors separated from each other. Volar aspect of forearm. Flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.006.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been dissected to display the superficial blood vessels and nerves on the medial aspect of the knee. The great saphenous vein (9) has been divided and removed to permit better exposure of the branches of the saphenous nerve. The fascia lata (11) has been retained in the area immediately anterior to the medial intermuscular septum. Elsewhere the fascia has been cut away to expose underlying muscles and tendons that pass medial to the knee joint. Dissection of knee. Superficial vessels and nerves of left knee; patellar retinaculum; medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.005.L.jpg The flexor digitorum sublimis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles have been removed. Volar aspect of forearm. Course of ulnar nerve and artery in right forearm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.003.L.jpg The quadriceps tendon has been elevated to display the fascicles of the articularis genus (3) in relation to the suprapatellar bursa (5). Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Quadriceps femoris muscle (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.004.L.jpg The flexor digitorum sublimis muscle has been removed and the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris has been reflected medially. The median nerve has been elevated. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve and blood supply to flexor carpi ulnaris muscle; recurrent ulnar arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=189-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0189.004.L.jpg The specimen shown in view 185-3 is seen in this close-up photograph illustrating the superficial structures in the region of the left knee joint. Dissection of knee. Superficial vessels and nerves of left knee, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.003.L.jpg The flexor digitorum sublimis (14) has been detached from its radial origin (5) and reflected medially. An unusually large median artery (15) occurs in this specimen. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve and blood supply to flexor digitorum sublimis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.002.L.jpg Volar aspect of forearm. Ulnar artery in cubital fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.007.L.jpg The rectus femoris has been divided near its origin (8) and again close to the point at which its tendon fuses with the vastus muscles (5). The muscle belly has been removed to reveal the vastus intermedius. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Quadriceps femoris muscle (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=98-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0098.001.L.jpg The pronator teres (5,14) and flexor carpi radialis (7) muscles have been removed. Volar aspect of forearm. Flexor digitorum sublimis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.007.L.jpg The humeral head (4) of the pronator teres has been divided and its fascicles separated to display branches of the median nerve and ulnar artery within the muscle. The flexor carpi radialis muscle has been retracted medially and dissected in a similar manner. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve supply to right pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.005.L.jpg Removal of a portion of the cingulum (15) has exposed the right pulvinar of the thalamus (17) and, just above it, the occipital radiation of the corpus callosum (16), the two separated by the transverse fissure. Note the spiralling course of the fibers in the radiation. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Occipital radiation of corpus callosum; pulvinar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.006.L.jpg The systems of long association fibers of the temporal and occipital lobes which lie beneath the lateral ventricle have been cut away and the ventricle opened from below. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Inferior and posterior horns of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.004.L.jpg The gyrus cinguli has been partially removed to reveal the course of the cingulum above the corpus callosum. Cortex which lay deep in the collateral fissure has been scraped away and the fusiform gyrus partly removed. More of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus is thus exposed. The brain is now turned so that more of the basal surface is shown than previously. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Cingulum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.006.L.jpg The collateral ligaments and cruciate ligaments have been cut through to permit the separation of the femur from the tibia. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, cruciate ligaments divided https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.004.L.jpg The joint capsule has been widely incised to permit the downward reflection of the quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.005.L.jpg The infrapatellar synovial fold (12) has been cut off to reveal the anterior cruciate ligament (9). Synovial membrane partially encloses the cruciate ligament. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.002.L.jpg Dissection of knee. Capsule, ligaments and arteries of right knee, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.003.L.jpg Dissection of knee. Capsule, ligaments and arteries of right knee, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=19-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0019.007.L.jpg Removal of the remaining portion of the cingulum as well as the hippocampal gyrus lying above and medial to it has exposed the dentate fascia. The line of separation of the dentate fascia from the hippocampal gyrus is along the hippcampal fissure which in the adult brain is represented by a shallow groove. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. General view of relations of dentate fascia and hippocampus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.001.L.jpg Dissection of knee. Capsule, ligaments and arteries of right knee, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.007.L.jpg The specimen has been rotated somewhat medially. Volar aspect of forearm. Interosseous membrane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.006.L.jpg The muscle has been reflected medially from its insertion. Volar aspect of forearm. Nerve supply to pronator quadratus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.005.L.jpg Volar aspect of forearm. Pronator quadratus muscle; close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=99-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0099.004.L.jpg The flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus muscles have been removed. Short ends of muscle fibres remain in the areas of origin of these muscles (6,15). Volar aspect of forearm. Pronator quadratus muscle; origins of deep layer of flexor muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.001.L.jpg The femoral artery and nerve have been retracted laterally to reveal the insertions of the pectineus and adductor longus. The deep femoral artery has also been partially exposed. Only the distal parts of the deep femoral veins have been preserved in the dissection. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Adductor longus and pectineus muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.002.L.jpg The long and lateral heads of the muscle have been separated to expose the radial nerve. Arm. Right triceps muscle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.002.L.jpg The rectus femoris (15) has been turned laterally to display its nerve supply and the arteries from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery that enter the muscle. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to rectus femoris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.001.L.jpg The brachial fascia has been removed. The superficial nerves which were shown in the previous view have been retained. Arm. Left triceps muscle, posteromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.006.L.jpg The pectineus has been elevated and the gracilis muscle has been turned posteriorly. The anterior branches (1) of the obturator nerve, artery and vein are shown in relation to the adductor longus (3). Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Anterior branches of obturator nerve and vessels in relation to adductor longus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.007.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous tissue have been removed. The brachial fascia (5) is intact. The arm has been rotated medially. Arm. Superficial nerves and vessels of left arm, posteromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.007.L.jpg The sartorius muscle has been divided close to its origin. The muscle belly has been pulled medially toward the pubis to reveal the course of branches of the femoral nerve into the upper part of the muscle. View 187-4 illustrates the nerves in the lower part of the sartorius. The nerve to the pectineus (7) passes medially behind the femoral vessels to enter the muscle. In this dissection the femoral vein and most of its branches within the femoral triangle have been resected. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to sartorius and pectineus muscles; branches of femoral artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.006.L.jpg Arm. Left brachialis muscle, anteromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.004.L.jpg Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Femoral vessels and nerve in femoral triangle; deep inguinal lymphatics, anterior view of left thigh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.005.L.jpg The muscles have been retracted to show the course of the musculocutaneous nerve. Arm. Nerve supply to left coracobrachialis, biceps and brachialis muscles, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.005.L.jpg The femoral vein has been opened by a longitudinal incision. The latex cast within the vessel has been cut away to expose the two paired valves (3). Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Interior of femoral vein, opened to illustrate valves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.002.L.jpg Below the inguinal ligament the femoral sheath (13) has been exposed by removing the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the cribiform fascia and part of the fascia lata which bounds the saphenous opening. The inferior part of the falciform margin of this opening has been retained (17). Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Femoral sheath https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.003.L.jpg The structures that pass into the femoral triangle from above are shown in cross-section in this discussion. The specimen was prepared by dis-articulating the right thigh at the hip joint. The obturator externus and pectineus muscles have been completely removed. In the region immediately anterior to the acetabulum the iliopsoas muscle, femoral nerve and femoral vessels have been cut off inferior to the inguinal ligament (14). The structures lying within the spaces deep to the inguinal ligament can thus be identified. The iliopsoas muscle (3) and the femoral nerve (2) occupy the muscular space, separated by the slanting iliopectineal arch (1), from the femoral vessels (13) and femoral canal (15) located in the vascular space. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Femoral sheath; vascual and muscular spaces deep to inguinal ligament, viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.004.L.jpg The brachial fascia has been removed. The brachial plexus and axillary artery have been displayed from their normal positions to bring various branches into view. The axillary vein has been removed. Arm. Vessels, nerves and muscles of left arm, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.003.L.jpg The deep fascia has been removed. The shoulder joint has been opened to display the tendon of the long head of the biceps. Arm. Right biceps muscle. anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=186-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0186.001.L.jpg The fascia lata has been retained in the area surrounding the saphenous opening. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes have beem cut away althrough the lymphatic vessels (7) that drain these nodes and pass through the cribriform fascia (8) have been preserved. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Left femoral triangle with superficial nerves and vessels retained, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.002.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been dissected to illustrate the relations of the axillary nerve. The capsule of the shoulder joint (8) has been detached from the surgical neck of the humerus. The upper part of the humerus has been cut away. Veins have been removed. Shoulder. Course of right axillary nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=95-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0095.001.L.jpg The muscles of the shoulder have been resected and the lateral part of the joint capsule cut away. The upper part of the humerus has been removed. Shoulder. Cavity of right shoulder joint, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.006.L.jpg The specimen has been turned so that the view is directed toward the anteromedial aspect of the right thigh. The muscles have been spread apart. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Muscles of right thigh, anteromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.007.L.jpg The articular capsule has been incised vertically and the humerus retracted laterally. The head of the humerus has been rotated posteriorly. Shoulder. Cavity of left shoulder joint, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=185-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0185.007.L.jpg The tensor fasciae latae (6) has been divested of its aponeurotic covering to expose its insertion into the iliotibial tract (9). Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Right tensor fasciae latae muscle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=94-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0094.006.L.jpg Shoulder. Capsule and ligaments of left shoulder joint, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.005.L.jpg The adductor longus has been reflected medially and dissected to reveal branches of the obturator nerve entering the posterior aspect of the muscle belly. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to adductor longus muscle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.005.L.jpg The obturator externus has been reflected downward from its origin. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to Obturator externus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.006.L.jpg The humeral head of the pronator teres has been cut away (9,16). The flexor carpi radialis has been transected at its origin (18) and reflected medially. No lymph nodes were found in the cubital fossa in this specimen. Volar aspect of forearm. Relation of median nerve to pronator teres muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.006.L.jpg The components of the right quadriceps femoris have been separated from each other to show their relations in a specimen from which most of the other muscles of the thigh have been removed. In the following views of this sequence the major features of this muscle complex are illustrated. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Quadriceps femoris muscle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.005.L.jpg Volar aspect of forearm. Superficial layer of flexor muscles separated, close-up view of distal part of right forearm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.003.L.jpg The adductor brevis has been divided and removed to reveal the posterior branch of the obturator nerve passing into the adductor magnus. Branches of the sciatic nerve that enter the adductor magnus on its posterior aspect are visible in the dissection shown in view 184-4. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Posterior branch of obturator nerve; innervation of adductor magnus by obturator nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.004.L.jpg Volar aspect of forearm. Superficial layer of flexor muscles separated, right forearm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.004.L.jpg A portion of the adductor minimus (4) has been removed from the dissection to permit full visualization of the extensive area of origin of the obturator externus from the pubis and ischium. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Obturator externus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.003.L.jpg The palmaris longus muscle is essentially absent in the right forearm shown in 97-1. Only a slender tendon extends into the antebrachial fascia. In the opposite forearm, shown here, the palmaris longus is well-developed. In addition, an accessory tendinous slip (10) extends proximally from the tendon of the palmaris longus to blend into the antebrachial fascia. The radial artery originates from the brachial artery at a high level. Volar aspect of forearm. Left palmaris longus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.001.L.jpg The vastus medialis has been dissected to permit exposure of the branch of the femoral nerve (6) that enters the midportion of the muscle. In the following view (188-2) another nerve is visible supplying the proximal part of the muscle belly. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to left vastus medialis, anteromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.002.L.jpg The antibrachial fascia has been removed. Superficial nerves and veins have been retained. Volar aspect of forearm. Relation of flexor muscles to radial border of right foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=188-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0188.002.L.jpg The pectineus and adductor longus muscles have been removed from the specimen. The anterior (3) and posterior (7) branches of the obturator nerve have been exposed as they emerge from the obturator canal to pass in front of and behind the adductor brevis. Branches of the anterior branch that supply the adductor brevis have been traced into this muscle. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to adductor brevis muscle; medial femoral circumflex artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=97-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0097.001.L.jpg Volar aspect of forearm. Superficial layer of flexor muscles, right foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.006.L.jpg The adductor longus has been cut away. The gracilis has been turned medially and dissected to reveal branches of the obturator nerve that penetrate the muscle. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to gracilis muscle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.007.L.jpg The specimen has been turned in such a way that the medial aspect of the upper part of the left thigh may be visualized. The adductor longus has been removed from the dissection except for a short segment of it has been removed from the dissection except for a short segment of it that has been retained close to its femoral insertion (6). By reflecting this remnant of the adductor longus the deep femoral artery has been exposed. Perforating branches (4) from the artery pass through the openings in the insertion of the adductor brevis and adductor magnus. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Deep femoral artery and perforating arteries of left thigh viewed from medial side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.007.L.jpg The cubital fossa (11) is covered by a layer of fascia which blends with the lacertus fibrosus (13) and which is continuous with the antibrachial fascia (9). Volar aspect of forearm. Superficial veins and nerves in right cubital fossa, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.006.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous tissue have been removed. The antibrachial fascia remains in place. Volar aspect of forearm. Superficial nerves and vessels of right forearm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.005.L.jpg The long and lateral heads of the triceps muscle have been transected (19) and reflected laterally. Arm. Relation of left radial nerve to triceps muscle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.003.L.jpg The rectus femoris (10) has been cut off close to its origin. The vastus lateralis has been dissected. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to vastus lateralis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.004.L.jpg The long head of the triceps has been retracted posteriorly. Arm. Nerve supply to left triceps muscle, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=187-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0187.004.L.jpg The lower part of the thigh is viewed from the medial side to visualize the nerves which enter the sartorius. This muscle has been divided and reflected posteriorly. Dissection of anterior and medial aspects of thigh. Nerve supply to lower part of sartorius; saphenous nerve; adductor canal and adductor hiatus, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=96-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0096.003.L.jpg The lateral head (14) of the triceps muscle has been divided and separated to expose the underlying radial nerve and deep brachial artery. Arm. Relation of right radial nerve to humerus, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.006.L.jpg The esophagus has been outlined with barium sulfate paste in this young female subject. The normal folds of the mucosa of the esophagus are indicated in several areas by vertical striation of the barium mass. The upper margin of the aortic arch (7) is faintly visible opposite the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebral body. A small calcified area, apparently the result of an old infection, is visible in the lower posterior part of the right lung field. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Radiograph of esophagus, right anterior oblique view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.007.L.jpg The heart and the anterior part of the pericardium have been removed. The upper lobes of the lungs have been cut away and the lower lobes have been dissected. The right phrenic nerve is stretched upward approximately in its normal course, while the left nerve has been cut off. Dissection of diaphragm. Diaphragm viewed from above, pleura and diaphragmatic part of pericardium intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.004.L.jpg The trachea has been removed. The left halves of the larynx and pharynx have been cut away and the esophagus has been opened a short distance below its junction with the pharynx. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Esophagus in relation to posterior thoracic wall and spine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.005.L.jpg Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Thoracic spine; anterior longitudinal ligament; thoracic sympathetic trunks https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.003.L.jpg The trachea and bronchi have been elevated. The aortic arch has been cut across and turned somewhat to the left to expose branches of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Esophageal plexus; pulmonary plexus; left recurrent laryngeal nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.005.L.jpg The medullary center of the insula and the immediately underlying thin gray lamina of the claustrum have been taken away and most of the fibers of the external capsule removed to expose the lateral surface of the lentiform nucleus. A few vertically coursing fibers of the external capsule remain on the lentiform nucleus. Removal of the insular tissue also reveals the internal capsule (2) as it emerges above the putamen. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Lentiform nucleus, uncinate fasciculus and inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.003.L.jpg The branches of the middle cerebral artery have now been cut back to illustrate their relations to the gyri of the insula to which they supply numerous small twigs. The upper main branch divides into arteries which were seen in the previous view to supply the frontal lobe and anterior part of the parietal lobe. The middle trunk continues posteriorly in the lateral fissure to supply posterior parts of the parietal and temporal lobes and the lower main branch divides into arteries previously seen to supply the temporal lobe. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Relation of branches of middle cerebral artery to insula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.004.L.jpg Branches of the middle cerebral artery have been cut back further and the cortex of the insula scraped off to expose its medullary center. The circular sulcus which surrounded the insula was located at the margins of the scraped area. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Medullary substance of insula; circular sulcus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.001.L.jpg The arachnoid membrane is intact. Note that the great anastomotic vein (of Trolard) (31) lies along the postcentral sulcus instead of the central sulcus as it commonly does. The identity of the anterior central gyrus (motor area) was determined histologically. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. General lateral view of brain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.002.L.jpg The frontal and temporal opercula of the lateral fissure have been cut back exposing the insula in the depths of the dissection. The main stem of the middle cerebral artery passes around the limen insulae into the lateral fissure and is seen just below the insula. The origins of nearly all of the cortical branches of this artery are visible in this preparation. The unsupported vessels lie in their original positions with respect to the lateral fissure and its tributary sulci. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Insula exposed; branches of middle cerebral artery in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.003.L.jpg Dissection of diaphragm. Right phrenic nerve and phrenic lymphatic plexus viewed from above and in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.004.L.jpg The lower part of the sternum and attached costal cartilages have been pulled forward. Dissection of diaphragm. Sternal attachment of diaphragm. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.001.L.jpg The lungs have been removed and the tracheobronchial tree has been pulled posteriorly to provide an unobstructed view of the diaphragm. A narrow band of pericardium has been preserved along the margin of its diaphragmatic attachment. Lymphatic structures have been dissected on the upper surface of the diaphragm. Dissection of diaphragm. Diaphragm viewed from above, pleura removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.002.L.jpg Dissection of diaphragm. Left phrenic view, phrenic lymphatic plexus, esophageal hiatus and phrenicoesophageal membrane viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.006.L.jpg The areas of dissection previously seen has now been extended in all directions to expose more of the internal capsule and the systems of association fibers. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Internal capsule and superior longitudinal fasciculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=13-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0013.007.L.jpg Most of the left cerebral hemisphere has been removed by cutting through the region of the basal ganglia. The lentiform nucleus appears on the cut surface nearly surrounded by fibers of the internal capsule, which includes its anterior limb (7), posterior limb (6), retrolenticular portion (20) and sublenticular part (21). The more anterior fibers appearing underneath the lentiform nucleus are associated with the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus (9) and external capsule. Note that the internal capsule lies between the lentiform and caudate nuclei. The latter is seen here through much of its extent. The genu of the internal capsule is not apparent at the level of this section. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Relation of internal capsule to caudate and lentiform nuclei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.007.L.jpg On the left side of the specimen the skin has been cut away and the tela subcutanea has been dissected to expose cutaneous nerves and vessels. On the right side of the skin, tela subcutanea and fascia have been removed to display muscles related to the shoulder girdle. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Superficial structures of upper part of back; external layer of muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.001.L.jpg The left shoulder girdle has been freed by removal of the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and rhomboid muscles and has been pulled forward. The serratus anterior muscle (10) remains intact. The rather thick, elastic layer of fascia (11) between this muscle and the rib cage has been partially resected to reveal the serratus posterior superior muscle (5). Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Deep musculature. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.005.L.jpg The fascia which covered the sternal and medial costal origins of the diaphragm has been removed. The transverse thoracic muscle has also been stripped of its fascial covering. The gap between the sternal and costal origins of the diaphragm, known as the sternocostal triangle (9), has been exposed. This space is occasionally the site of a hernia. In this specimen a small lobule of fat (9) occupied this triangle on the left side and this has been retracted upward. Dissection of diaphragm. Sternal attachment of diaphragm. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=130-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0130.006.L.jpg The peritoneum and the abdominal viscera have been removed from the body. The inferior surface of the diaphragm has been cleared of fascia. The psoas fascia and the fascia which covered the left quadratus lumborum muscle have been cut away. The view is from below and in front. Dissection of diaphragm. Diaphragm viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.005.a.L.jpg In this specimen the thoracic viscera have been removed and the azygos system of veins has been dissected to show the relations of its parts to the intercostal arteries and nerves, the sympathetic trunks, and the vertebral column and ribs. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of veins, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Azygos veins, intercostal vessels and sympathetic trunks in relation to vertebral column https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.006.a.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view has been turned to expose its left anterolateral aspect in this close-up view of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar part of the spine. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of viens, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Sympathetic trunk, rami communicantes and splanchnic nerves in lower thoracic region, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.004.a.L.jpg The left pulmonary artery (10) has been cut across at the hilum of the lung to permit the removal of its peripheral branches. The left pulmonary veins, similarly cut off at the hilum, are partially obscured by the bronchi. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of veins, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Segmental bronchi of left lung, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.006.L.jpg The lymphatic structures have been removed from along the trachea so that the cardiac and pulmonary nerves can be more readily visualized. Filaments of the cardiac plexus have been cut off and laid across the pulmonary artery in such a way that their various connections are more clearly visible. The pulmonary arteries have been retracted downward. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.004.L.jpg The lymph nodes and vessels which were shown in the previous view have been removed from the dissection. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.005.L.jpg The aortic arch has been elevated and the pulmonary arteries have been retracted downward. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.002.L.jpg The right subclavian and internal jugular veins have been removed. The left brachiocephalic vein has been resected. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.003.L.jpg The thymus has been removed. Much of the lymphatic tissue in the anterior part of the superior mediastinum has been cut away. The nodes which remain retain their connections with posterior mediastinal nodes. Several lymphatic vessels from the pericardium have been preserved. The pericardial and pleural cavities have been opened. The lung is partially collapsed and has been dissected. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=126A-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0126.007.a.L.jpg The left tenth rib has been removed from the specimen with care to preserve the ligaments, joint capsules and articular surfaces of the costovertebral articulations. The view is directed inward from in front and to the left. Views of segmental bronchi, azygos system of veins, sympathetic trunks and costovertebral joints. Costovertebral articulation of left tenth rib opened from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.001.L.jpg The superior mediastinum has been opened by removing the manubrium and the upper part of the body of the sternum, together with parts of the first and second costal cartilages. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.002.L.jpg The subclavian artery (10) and the vertebral artery (7) have been pulled forward and slightly downward. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Left first intercostal space; stellate ganglion and connections; costocervical trunk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.003.L.jpg The view is from the right side. The pleura (6) has been cut away to display the vagus nerve (12) and the lymphatic structures (16, 18) along the trachea. The right lung has been dissected. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Superior mediastinum. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=127-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0127.007.L.jpg The tracheobronchial tree has been retracted anteriorly in order to stretch the bronchial arteries (15). Delicate lymphatic tissue (19) has been partially preserved in the intercostal spaces and along the vertebral bodies. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Bronchial and esophageal arteries viewed from left side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.001.L.jpg The aortic arch and thoracic aorta have been pulled forward. The tracheobronchial tree has been retracted to the right. A ligamentous band (9), firmly attached to the anterior longitudinal ligament over the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae, can be seen extending downward and anteriorly to blend with the fascia which covers the esophagus, trachea and aorta. A similar ligament is also shown in another specimen (132-3). Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Upper thoracic part of left sympathetic trunk; intercostal vessels; ligamentous band between vertebrae and mediastinal structures https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.001.L.jpg Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Relations of tracheobronchial tree, aorta and esophagus, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=129-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0129.002.L.jpg Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Esophagus and esophageal plexus, anterior view of lower part https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.006.L.jpg Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Relations of pulmonary vessels, pericardium, trachea and esophagus, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.007.L.jpg The esophagus has been exposed by removing the trachea, the right pulmonary artery and part of the pericardium from the specimen shown previously. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Esophagus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.004.L.jpg The tracheobronchial tree has been pulled forward and to the left and the esophagus has been rotated slightly to the left. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Upper thoracic part of right sympathetic trunk; intercostal vessels; azygos vein; right vagus nerve; pulmonary and esophageal plexuses https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=128-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0128.005.L.jpg The view is from below and in front. Dissection of mediastinum and paravertebral structures. Right first and second intercostal spaces; stellate ganglion; costocervical trunk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.004.L.jpg Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Superficial structures; Scarpa's fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.005.L.jpg Scarpa's fascia has been removed except for that portion near the midline which fuses with the suspensory ligament of the penis (4) and continues into the scrotum to blend with the dartos tunic (6). The external spermatic fascia (14), which has been split longitudinally and reflected, can be traced upward toward the superficial inguinal ring where it is continuous with the intercrural (intercolumnar) fascia. The cremasteric fascia (13) has been exposed by the reflection of the external spermatic fascia. Fusion between the several layers around the testis has made it impossible to effect a complete separation of the lower parts of the dartos tunic, external spermatic fascia and cremasteric fascia. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. External spermatic fascia; cremasteric fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.001.L.jpg The three flat muscles of the abdominal wall have been dissected on the right side to demonstrate the contribution of each of the formation of the sheath of the rectus muscle. The arcuate or semicircular line (18) serves as a point of reference. Below this line, which in this specimen is only moderately well defined, the aponeuroses (21) of all three muscles pass in front of the rectus muscle. Above the arcuate line a different arrangement was found. As shown at the upper limit of the dissected area, the aponeurosis of the internal oblique (3) contributes to the posterior as well as to the anterior layer of the sheath. As a consequence, the aponeurosis of the transversus pass entirely into the posterior layer of rectus sheath. Upper parts of the rectus sheath are illustrated in views 133-7 and 134-4. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Composition of rectus sheath in lower abdominal wall https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.002.L.jpg Osteology. Left maxilla, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.002.L.jpg The abdominal musculature has been cut from its costal attachments. Incisions have been carried downward on each side to the iliac crest and then anteriorly along the crest. The resulting apron has been reflected down over the pubic region and thighs. The thorax has been opened. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. External aspect of peritoneum, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.001.L.jpg Osteology. Left maxilla, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.006.L.jpg Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Nerve supply to left rectus abdominis, close-up view of midportion of muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.007.L.jpg Osteology. Right zygomatic bone, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.007.L.jpg The rectus sheath has been opened to the right of the midline. The aponeurosis of the external oblique (3) has been reflected on the right side and on the left it has been cut off lateral to the midline (10). The nerve (5) which reaches the right pyramidalis muscle (4) is a branch of the iliohypogastric nerve in this specimen. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Pyramidalis muscle, anterior view; nerve and artery to muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.006.L.jpg Osteology. Right zygomatic bone, superolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.004.L.jpg The left rectus muscle has been detached from its origin and reflected medially. The layers which comprise its sheath have been separated from each other near the lateral border of the muscle. The aponeurosis of the internal oblique (7) contributes to the anterior as well as to the posterior lamina of the sheath at this level. Anteriorly it fuses with the aponeurosis of the external oblique (16). The transversus muscle (14) passes posterior to the aponeurosis of the internal oblique to become aponeurotic approximately midway in its course behind the rectus muscle. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Relation of transversus abdominis muscle to sheath of rectus below costal margin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.005.L.jpg The maxillary process (12) of this specimen is unusually well developed. Osteology. Right palate bone, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.005.L.jpg Both rectus muscles have been exposed within their sheaths. The left rectus has been reflected medially to expose its posterior surface Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. General view of nerves and blood vessels of left rectus abdominis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.004.L.jpg Osteology. Right palate bone, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.002.L.jpg Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Nerves, vessels and fascia deep to internal oblique muscle, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.003.L.jpg The fascia which lay between the internal oblique and transversus muscles has been dissected to expose branches of the lower intercostal, the subcostal and the iliohypogastric nerves which traversed this layer. The excessive length of several of the nerves after dissection made it necessary to arrange the strands in a twisting course across the transverse muscle. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Transversus abdominis muscle, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.006.L.jpg Osteology. Left maxilla, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.005.L.jpg Osteology. Left maxilla, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.003.L.jpg The umbilicus lies just above the upper margin of the photograph. The medial inguinal fossa (5) is unusually deep on the right side. This should be compared to the more normal situation on the left. The right ductus deferens passes toward the inguinual canal in a prominent band of peritoneum (10). The dissection of the internal aspect of the abdominal wall is shown in views 136-6 and 136-7. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Internal aspect of lower abdominal wall, peritoneum intact https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.004.L.jpg Osteology. Left maxilla, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.003.L.jpg The third molar is not present in this specimen. Detailed roentgenographic views of the teeth are to be found in 47-4 ff. Osteology. Roentgenogram, left maxilla, mediolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.001.L.jpg Dissection of female inguinal region. Superficial structures of left inguinal region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.002.L.jpg Scarpa's fascia (7) has been reflected downward to display its fusion with the deep fascia parallel to and slightly below the inguinal ligament. The aponeurosis of the external oblique is visible and is covered with a thin layer of fibrous tissue known as the innominate fascia. This fascia becomes heavier inferomedially where it consists of parallel bands of fibres which sweep upward and medially across the aponeurosis as intercrural fibers. Dissection of female inguinal region. Scarpa's fascia reflected; aponeurosis of external oblique muscle; superficial inguinal ring https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.007.L.jpg The transversalis and ilias fascias have been cut away from the specimen which was shown in the previous view. The ductus deferens (13) is visible passing into the upper part of the inguinal canal. A small muscle fasciculus (12) which originates with the transversus abdominis passes into the inguinal canal to form a portion of the cremaster muscle. The lacunar ligament (4) passes slightly lateral to the margin of the falx inguinalis (3) and thus forms the medial boundary of the vascular compartment deep to the inguinal ligament. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Internal aspect of deep inguinal ring and related structures of right side (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.005.L.jpg The various structures which pass within the spermatic cord to the right testis have been dissected and separated. The testicle has been rotated to expose its posterior aspect. The coverings of the cord (5) have been incised and reflected. These layers have been shown in the preceding views which dealt with the left inguinal region. Connective tissue has been removed from the ductus deferens (4) and its associated vessels and nerves. The pampiniform plexus of veins (2) has been cut off at a high level so that the testicular plexus of nerves (3), the testicular (internal spermatic) artery (1), and the ductus deferens (4) with its artery (12) might be displayed. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Contents of spermatic cord https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.006.L.jpg Osteology. Dental alveoli of mandible, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.006.L.jpg The specimen is viewed from above and from the left with the anterior abdominal wall pulled forward (toward the top of the photograph). Peritoneum has been preserved in a small area immediately lateral to the deep inguinal ring and, above this, on the interior of the abdominal wall. A small, persistent processus vaginalis (15) is present. It extends as a narrow tube through the deep ingnuinal ring into the upper end of the inguinal canal. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Internal aspect of deep inguinal ring and related structures of right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.005.L.jpg Detailed roentgenographic views of the teeth are to be found in 47-6 and 47-7. Osteology. Roentgenogram, mandible, posteroanterior oblique view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.003.L.jpg The spermatic cord (10) has been elevated from its normal position within the inguinal canal. All fascicles of the internal oblique muscle have been cut off, whereas the underlying transversus muscle has been kept intact. The transversalis fascia (9) and interfoveolar ligament (14) are visible in the depths of the dissection. These structures are exposed more completely in the following view (136-4). Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Falx inguinalis (continued); transversalis fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.004.L.jpg The occlusal surfaces of some teeth of this specimen show evidence of abrasive wear. Osteology. Mandible and permanent teeth, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.004.L.jpg The internal oblique and transverse muscles have been cut off close to their origin (11)and also near their insertions (3,6). The transversalis fascia is exposed in the area behind the inguinal canal (5) as well as above and lateral to it. The deep inguinal ring is visible at 1. The internal spermatic fascia (14), which is visible in previous views, has been split longitudinally and its margins have been retracted. It was not possible to identify this layer throughout the length of the spermatic cord. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Internal spermatic fascia, transversalis fascia and deep inguinal ring https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.003.L.jpg Osteology. Mandible, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.001.L.jpg The aponeurosis of the external oblique (2) has been excised above and medial to the inguinal canal. Fascia has been cut away from the underlying internal oblique muscle. The origin of the cremaster muscle (16) from the lower border of the internal oblique is visible. The cremaster has been split to demonstrate the manner in which it encases the inner structures of the spermatic cord (17) in their passage along the inguinal canal. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Internal oblique and cremaster muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.002.L.jpg Osteology. Mandible, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=136-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0136.002.L.jpg Several fascicles of the internal oblique have been elevated (4) to reveal the underlying fascia and transversus muscle. The lower borders of the internal oblique and transversus blend in this specimen into a tenuous conjoined muscle (6). As is frequently the case, a definite conjoint tendon is not present and the lower parts of the muscles are not readily distinguished. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Internal oblique and transversus muscles; falx inguinalis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.001.L.jpg Osteology. Mandible, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.006.L.jpg The crura of the superficial inguinal ring (4) may be seen on either side of the spermatic cord. Above the level at which the cord emerges through the superficial ring the crura are covered by fibres of the intercrural fascia. Below the inguinal ligament the femoral sheath (13) has been exposed by removing the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the cribriform fascia and part of the fascia lata which bounds the saphenous opening. The inferior part of the falciform margin of this opening has been retained (17). Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Superficial inguinal ring; inguinal ligament; femoral sheath https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=45-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0045.007.L.jpg The third molar (dens serotinus) is absent in this specimen. The central incisor (1) has a deeper lingual fossa than is commonly encountered. The contact surfaces of the teeth (19, 20, 26) are labeled in accordance with modern dental terminology as well as with the conventional BNA names. In the modern system the contact surfaces are named mesial or distal with reference to the midline of the dental arch. Osteology. Left maxilla and permanent teeth, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=135-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0135.007.L.jpg The aponeurosis of the external oblique (2) has been split upward from the superficial inguinal ring in a direction parallel to the inguinal ligament. The margins of the cut aponeurosis have been reflected to reveal the underlying fascia of the internal oblique which continues onto the spermatic cord as the cremasteric fascia (7). The cremaster muscle (5) has been displayed by division of the cremasteric fascia. Dissection of male inguinal region and spermatic cord. Cremasteric fascia reflected; cremaster muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.002.L.jpg A. Superior teeth. B. Inferior teeth. Osteology. Permanent right upper and lower teeth, facial surfaces https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.001.L.jpg Parts of the maxilla and mandible have been cut away to reveal the roots of the deciduous teeth and the nonerupted permanent teeth in various stages of development. The maxillary sinus has been opened. The permanent upper lateral incisor lies deep to the neighboring teeth and is not visible in the preparation. Osteology. Deciduous and permanent dentition at six years https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=46-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0046.007.L.jpg The third molar teeth are absent bilaterally. Osteology. Dental alveoli of maxilla, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.007.L.jpg Ribs and vertebral bodies have been resected bilaterally between the second and the ninth thoracic segments. The periosteum (6) which covered the inner surfaces of the ribs have been preserved in most areas. The anterior longitudinal ligament (23), with remnants of the intervertebral discs attached, has also been retained in part. The lungs have been inflated and are visible through the intact costal pleura. The proximal parts of the III-VII spinal nerves have been positioned on the pleura in such a way that their dorsal and ventral roots, dorsal rami and communications with the sympathetic trunks are visible. These components are labeled for the left seventh thoracic nerve (8, 9, 10). The intercostal arteries and veins have been cut off in various ways. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Intercostal nerves, vessels and muscles; costal pleura; thoracic aorta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.001.L.jpg The vertebral canal has been opened by laminectomy and the tenth intervertebral foramen (6) has been opened on the right side by excision of the inferior articular process of the tenth thoracic vertebra. The dorsal and ventral roots of the corresponding nerve have been exposed. The roots penetrate the dura separately in this specimen. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Right tenth thoracic nerve within vertebral canal and intervertebral foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.005.L.jpg The trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles have been preserved on the right side. These muscles have been removed on the left and the shoulder girdle has been pulled aside. The posterior serratus muscles have been cut away and the thoracolumbar fascia has been removed to display the erector spinae muscles to the left of the midline. The more delicate, intrinsic fascia of the erector spinae has also been cut away. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Deep musculature. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.006.L.jpg The dorsal muscles have been removed from the central area of the dissection. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Ligaments of costotransverse articulations in mid-thoracic region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.003.L.jpg The latissimus dorsi muscle has been removed from the left side of the dissection. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Deep musculature. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.004.L.jpg The serratus posterior inferior has been severed near the midline where its origin blends with the thoracolumbar fascia. Its four component muscle bands (2) have been reflected upward close to their costal insertions. The branches of intercostal nerves to the two central portions of the muscle have been dissected, while those to the upper and lower fascicles are not shown. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Deep musculature. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=131-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0131.002.L.jpg The serratus posterior superior has been reflected laterally. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Deep musculature. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.004.L.jpg The posterior half of the costal pleura has been removed. The superior and posterior parts of the mediastinum have been dissected. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Thoracic viscera. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.002.L.jpg The fifth rib has been removed from the left side. The vertebral canal has been opened by laminectomy and the pedicle of the fifth thoracic vertebra has been cut off on the left to expose the component parts of the corresponding spinal nerve. A plexus of vertebral branches (11) of this nerve, including meningeal filaments, can be seen to extend medially through the intervertebral foramen anterior to the nerve roots which have been elevated somewhat out of their usual position. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Left fifth thoracic nerve; intervertebral course and meningeal branches https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.003.L.jpg The upper part of the specimen shown in 131-7 is presented in a close-up view with the anterior longitudinal ligament (14) retracted to the right to expose a heavy, ligamentous band which extends down to the aorta from the level of the third and fourth thoracic vertebral bodies. The vertebral attachments of this band blend with the anterior longitudinal ligament near the midline. Inferiorly the ligament blends with the adventitia of the posterior part of the aortic arch and the upper thoracic aorta. It can also be traced forward to where it blends with fascia of the esophagus and trachea, although this arrangement is not visible in this view. This suspensory structure is shown elsewhere in the dissection of another specimen (128-1). Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Ligamentous attachment of mediastinal structures to vertebral column https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=134-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0134.001.L.jpg The origins of the internal oblique from the iliac crest(6) and thoracolumbar fascia (14) are visible in this preparation. The external oblique muscle has been resected and the fascia which lay between it and the internal oblique has been removed. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Internal oblique muscle, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.004.L.jpg The upper fascicles of the left external oblique muscle are shown in this close-up photograph. Nerves (3,4,6,14) which supply the muscle originate from lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves and enter the muscle from its external surface. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Nerve supply to external oblique muscle (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.005.L.jpg Osteology. Ethmoid bone, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.005.L.jpg The external oblique has been partially removed below its costal origins. The lower posterior part of the muscle has been dissected to display muscular branches of the twelfth thoracic nerve (subcostal n.) which enter the muscle from its internal aspect. Fascia between the external and internal oblique muscles have been preserved. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Nerve supply to external oblique muscle (continued); fascia of internal oblique muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.004.L.jpg The ethmoidal labyrinths (6) consist of numerous air cells separated by thin bony walls, and are connected at their superior margins by the cribriform plate (2). The superior surface of the cribriform plate lies in the anterior cranial fossa while its inferior surface forms the roof of the nasal fossae. Osteology. Roentgenogram, ethmoid bone, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.002.L.jpg The investing fascia has been removed from the muscles of the abdominal and thoracic wall Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Right external oblique muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.003.L.jpg Osteology. Ethmoid bone, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.003.L.jpg The fascicles of the external oblique have been separated below their origins from the lower ribs. Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves which emerge between these fascicles have been dissected. Muscular branches (2,4) from these nerves enter the muscle from its external aspect. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Nerve supply to external oblique muscle, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.002.L.jpg The ethmoidal labyrinth occupies nearly all of the view. The anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina, not distinguishable in this specimen, are shown in 38-2. Osteology. Ethmoid bone, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.007.L.jpg The esophagus has been divided at the lower border of the second thoracic vertebra and again just above the diaphragm. The intervening portion of the esophagus has been removed to expose the trachea and pericardium. The latter has been opened to the margins of the oblique sinus. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Thoracic viscera. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.001.L.jpg The perpendicular lamina is deviated to the right of the midline. This is a common condition. Osteology. Ethmoid bone, inferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.001.L.jpg The left half of the specimen has been dissected to demonstrate the investing fascia (11) of the external oblique muscle and Scarpa's fascia (14). The latter is identifiable as a distinct layer of deep within the tela subcutanea in the lower part of the abdominal wall. On the right side of the specimen the fascia of the external oblique has been removed. Cutaneous nerves and vessels have been preserved bilaterally. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Superficial vessels and nerves; Scarpa's fascia; external oblique muscles and fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.005.L.jpg The thoracic aorta and the azygos and hemiazygos veins have been removed to display the thoracic duct and the esophagus. Delicate connective tissue has been stripped from the esophageal wall. Numerous, small veins were present near the lower end of the esophagus, most of which have been cut away. The lungs are deflated. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Thoracic viscera. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=132-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/TD.B.0132.006.L.jpg The esophageal wall has been dissected in the mid-thoracic region. The area of this close-up view can be determined by reference to the previous view of this specimen. The bronchi and the cut end of the aortic arch can readily be compared in the two views. Dissection of thorax from a posterior approach. Thoracic viscera. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.003.L.jpg The orbital process (8) of this specimen is attenuated and presents a rough articular surface superiorly. Osteology. Right palate bone, posteromedial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.002.L.jpg Osteology. Vomer, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=44-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0044.001.L.jpg A. Inferior nasal concha right, medial aspect B. Inferior nasal concha left, lateral aspect. Osteology. Inferior nasal conchae, medial and lateral views https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.006.L.jpg The sheath of the right rectus abdominis has been opened. The left external oblique (9) has been divided close to the lateral border of the rectus sheath and its aponeurosis has been reflected medially. Fascia has been removed from all of the muscles. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. General anterior view of external oblique, internal oblique and rectus abdominis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.007.L.jpg A. Lacrimal bone left, medial surface.B. Lacrimal bone right, lateral (orbital) surface. Osteology. Lacrimal bones, medial and lateral views https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=133-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0133.007.L.jpg The left costal margin of the specimen shown in the preceding view is here seen in a close-up photograph made from an anterolateral direction. The manner in which the internal oblique muscle (13) attaches to the costal margin is shown. The aponeurosis of the internal oblique (11), which continues medially along the costal margin, can be observed to divide (3) and pass both in front of and behind the rectus muscle (2). The contribution of the internal oblique layer to the sheath of the rectus at lower levels may be seen in view 135-1. Dissection of anterolateral abdominal wall. Relation of internal oblique muscle to sheath of rectus at costal margin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=43-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0043.006.L.jpg A. Nasal bone right, anterior surface B. Nasal bone left, posterior surface. Osteology. Nasal bones, anterior and posterior views https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.007.L.jpg The dura mater to the left of the midline has been cut away. Structures which pass through the cavernous sinus are partially exposed. The continuity of the venous spaces in this sinus with those in the circular and basilar sinuses is illustrated. Latex-filled veins have been cleared away from the internal carotid artery at 15. Floor of cranial cavity. Middle cranial fossa; dissection of left cavernous sinus, superolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.006.L.jpg The optic nerves have been transected and elevated. To the left of the midline the dura mater has been cut away to display the cavernous sinus (8), basilar plexus of veins (11) and dorsum sellae (20). Floor of cranial cavity. Structures in region of sella turcica; origin of ophthalmic arteries, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.005.L.jpg Views of the dissection of the contents of the orbit from this approach are found in 54-1 ff. Floor of cranial cavity. Structures inferior to anterior and middle cranial fossae; orbit and sinuses opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.004.L.jpg Bone has been removed to expose structures underlying the floor of the anterior part of the cranial vault. Floor of cranial cavity. Structures inferior to anterior and middle cranial fossae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.003.L.jpg The dura mater has been removed from the bone to the left of the midline except in the region of the cribriform plate. Ther terminal nerve (3) was cut at the point of its penetration through the arachnoid membrane covering the gyrus rectus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe. Floor of cranial cavity. Anterior cranial fossa; terminal nerve; olfactory bulb and tract, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.002.L.jpg The dura mater has been stripped from the left half of the posterior fossa to open venous sinuses. Views of the atlantooccipital ligaments are to be found in 80-2 ff. Floor of cranial cavity. Cranial fossae and sites of exit of cranial nerves, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=50-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0050.001.L.jpg A close-up view of the larynx of this specimen is to be found in 83-6. General orientation views of dissection. Midsagittal section of head and neck, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.007.L.jpg This view is a close-up of the previous one but the specimen is now turned at right angles so that the midline is at the bottom. Details of the ansa lenticularis (13) in its course around the medial edge of the cerebral peduncle are revealed. Some fibers of this group are also seen as they pass inward between fascicles of the peduncle and these join others above the peduncle to form the fasciculus lenticularis (H2 field of Forel) in the subthalamic region. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Ansa lenticularis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.006.L.jpg The anterior half of the lentiform nucleus has been cut away to expose the internal capsule. Broken ends of fibres seen protruding from the capsule joined the external medullary lamina which is visible on the cut surface of the lentiform nucleus. The upper part of the external capsule remains in place. The mass of fibers (15) passing across the cerebral peduncle consists mainly of efferent fibers from the medial division of the globus pallidus which loop around the medial margin of the peduncle. Some of these fibers penetrate between bundles of the peduncle (or internal capsule) to form the fasciculus lenticularis internally. The optic tract is divided and turned posteriorly. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Relations of internal capsule, lentiform nucleus and ansa lenticularis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.005.L.jpg The main trunk of the middle cerebral artery has been retracted far laterally, the medullary center of the insula removed and the claustrum scraped away. The external capsule has been partially removed, the remaining portion being turned laterally to expose the lentiform nucleus. The course of the lateral striate arteries into the lentiform nucleus is visible. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. External capsule, lentiform nucleus and deeper course of striate arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.004.L.jpg The cortex of the insula has been removed to expose the medullary substance immediately beneath it. The brain is now viewed from a slightly different angle but the configuration of branches of the middle cerebral artery is easily compared with the previous stage of dissection. The temporal lobe is not cut away further nor is the inferior occipitofrontal bundle altered. The choroid plexus is removed from the opened inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Medullary substance of insula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.004.L.jpg The orbicularis oculi muscle has been cut away and the connective tissue beneath removed to expose nerves, vessels and fascial structures of the upper lid. The layer of fat (18) originally extended medially between the orbicularis muscle (5) and the orbital septum (16). Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Orbital septum; corrugator supercilii muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.003.L.jpg The orbicularis oculi muscle has been incised vertically and retracted to expose deeper structures in the upper eyelid. The insertion of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle into the deep surface of the orbicularis oculi muscle is visible at 16. Some of the fibers of this aponeurosis continue to insert into the skin of the eyelid. A thin layer of fascia covers the tarsal plate (18). Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Insertion of levator palpebrae superioris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.002.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous tissue have been removed except for a narrow margin retained at the edges of the eyelids. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Orbicularis oculi muscle; superficial nerves and blood vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.001.L.jpg The eyelids have been opened more widely than normal to expose the entire extent of the cornea. Eye and eyelids. Surface features, right eye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.007.L.jpg The superficial layers of the scalp have been dissected to illustrate the distribution of the occipital nerves and artery as well as the underlying musculature. The complex pattern of smaller veins and arteries of the scalp was not demonstrated in this specimen. Scalp. Superficial nerves and blood vessels of scalp, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.006.L.jpg Arteries, veins and nerves which lie in the tela subcutanea have been exposed. Branches of the supraorbital nerve (1) lie mostly beneath the galea aponeurotica and consequently are exposed only near their terminations. Scalp. Superficial nerves and blood vessels of scalp, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.005.L.jpg Structures lying within the pterygopalatine, infratemporal and temporal fossae have been dissected. The bone of the lateral wall of the orbit has been cut away but smooth muscle bridging the inferior orbital fissure (8) has been left in situ. The anterior (15) and posterior (17) deep temporal nerves are shown as they pass into the temporal muscle (20). The masseteric nerve (18) passes laterally across the external pterygoid muscle (16) to enter the mandibular notch. An articular branch of this nerve is visible. (18, lower pointer). Other dissections of branches of the mandibular nerve to the muscles of mastication are to be found in 64-7 ff. Floor of cranial cavity. Structures inferior to left middle cranial fossa (continued); maxillary and mandibular nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.004.L.jpg The bone has been cut away from central and lateral regions of the middle cranial fossa. The cavities of the left middle and inner ear have been opened. Floor of cranial cavity. Structures inferior to left middle cranial fossa, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.003.L.jpg Communicating branches between the sympathetic plexus on the internal carotid artery and the abducens nerve have been exposed and the ophthalmic sympathetic nerve (2) traced onto the ophthalmic artery. The course of the internal carotid artery (13) is seen in relation to the sella turcica (12). Floor of cranial cavity. Middle cranial fossa; dissection of left cavernous sinus (continued); internal carotid artery; hypophysis sectioned in midsagittal plane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.002.L.jpg The trigeminal nerve has been turned laterally to expose its motor root (18), the fibrous tissue partially closing the foramen lacerum (16), and the relations of the carotid artery and cavernous plexus of nerves (14). Floor of cranial cavity. Middle cranial fossa; dissection of left cavernous sinus (continued); portio minor of trigeminal nerve; abducens nerve; carotid plexus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=51-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0051.001.L.jpg More veins have been cut away to expose the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (8,10,20) the abducens nerve (14) and the petrosal nerves (19,21). Floor of cranial cavity. Middle cranial fossa; dissection of left cavernous sinus (continued); semilunar ganglion; petrosal nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.005.L.jpg Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Abdominal organs in situ with diaphragm and rib cage removed, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.006.L.jpg Osteology. Epistropheus, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.006.L.jpg The upper part of the specimen shown in the previous view is shown here in great detail. The direction of view has been altered slightly so that the anterior part of the coronary ligament of the liver is visible reflecting onto the diaphragm(7). The greater omentum (12) obscures the left portion of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure of the colon. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Upper abdominal organs in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.003.L.jpg The peritoneum has beem incised and reflected. The same specimen may be seen in a stage prior to the opening of the peritoneal sac by reference to view 135-2. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Abdominal organs in situ, general anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.004.L.jpg Large openings have been made through the right and left sides of the diaphragm to expose the underlying organs. The reflections of the peritoneum from the diaphragm to the liver have been preserved. The specimen is viewed from above and in front. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Upper abdominal organs in situ, diaphragm opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.002.L.jpg The right thigh has been removed by disarticulation at the hip joint. The obturator externus and pectineus muscles have been cut away. Fascia lata (11) has been divided slightly below the inguinal ligament. If this fascia is traced medially in its course toward the pubic tubercle, it is seen to give off a layer which passes deeply to join the medial part of the femoral sheath. Dissection of female inguinal region. Vascular and muscular compartments deep to inguinal ligament; femoral sheath https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.003.L.jpg Osteology. Atlas, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.002.L.jpg Roman numerals designate the individual vertebrae in order. Osteology. Articulated cervical vertebrae, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.007.L.jpg The transversus abdominis muscle has been removed and the rectus muscle has been divided. Dissection of female inguinal region. Inguinal canal . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.001.L.jpg Roman numerals designate the individual vertebrae in order. Osteology. Articulated cervical vertebrae, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.001.L.jpg The specimen shown previously has been turned and is now viewed from above and inside. The pubic symphysis lies next to the right. Peritoneum and fascia have been removed to reveal the external iliac vessels (3,5) as they pass downward through the vascular compartment deep to the inguinal ligament (2). A thickened band of fascia known as the deep femoral arch, which is fused to the inguinal ligament has been elevated. The femoral septum (11) is visible medial to the external iliac vein. The cribriform nature of this septum is evident in the photograph. It forms the base of the femoral canal and is penetrated by lymphatic vessels which enter the lymphatic node (of Cloquet) (14) which is located just above the septum. Dissection of female inguinal region. Femoral septum and associated lymph node, left side viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.007.L.jpg Osteology. Right lower incisor, canine and first premolar teeth, anteroposterior roentgenogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.005.L.jpg The transversus abdominis has been elevated along its lower border. The round ligament has been lifted away from the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Dissection of female inguinal region. Inguinal canal (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.006.L.jpg Osteology. Right lower molar and premolar teeth, lateromedial roentgenogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.006.L.jpg The lower abdominal wall has been dissected more completely so that relations of the inguinal canal to other structures of the abdominal wall are evident. The anterior lamina of the rectus sheath has been resected and the rectus muscle has been reflected medially. Lateral to the rectus sheath the transversus abdominis muscle (7) remains intact and short ends of the divided internal oblique (5) are visible. Structures in the inguinal canal remain essentially unchanged from the situation shown in the previous view (137-5) Dissection of female inguinal region. Inguinal canal (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.005.L.jpg Osteology. Right upper premolar, canine and incisor teeth, anterosposterior roentgenogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.003.L.jpg The aponeurosis of the external oblique (4) has been split upward from the superficial inguinal ring in a direction parallel to the inguinal ligament. The underlying internal oblique muscle (5) appears between the reflected edges of the aponeurosis. Fascia has been removed from parts of the internal oblique and from the ilioinguinal nerve (6). Below the inferior border of the internal oblique the cremaster muscle and its associated cremasteric fascia (7) are visible lying in the lower part of the inguinal canal. Dissection of female inguinal region. Inguinal canal. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.004.L.jpg Osteology. Right upper molar and premolar teeth, lateromedial roentgenogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=137-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0137.004.L.jpg The internal oblique (1) has been cut across near its origin to allow it to be elevated. The round ligament *(11) is exposed in the upper part of the inguinal canal. In this case, the canal is partially covered by the transversus muscle (9). Dissection of female inguinal region. Inguinal canal (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=47-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0047.003.L.jpg A. Superior teeth B. Inferior teeth Osteology. Permanent right upper and lower teeth, lingual surfaces https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.005.L.jpg Osteology. Epistropheus, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.004.L.jpg Osteology. Atlas, posteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.003.L.jpg More tissue of the temporal lobe and hippocampus has been removed. The relation of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus to both the insula and the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is demonstrated. The uncinate bundle is cut off as it courses deep to the limen insulae. The anterior choroidal artery is seen as it penetrates the choroid plexus of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The choroidal branch of the posterior cerebral artery is visible as its passes across the inferior surface of the lateral geniculate body. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, limen insulae and arteries of choroid plexus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.002.L.jpg The temporal lobe has been further cut away to expose the insula, the frontal operculum and branches of the middle cerebral artery lying in the lateral fissure. The arachnoid membrane and pia mater which covered a part of the resected temporal lobe are left in situ. The hypophysis has been removed. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Contents of lateral fissure exposed by partial resection of temporal lobe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.007.L.jpg The left half of the calvaria has been removed and the cerebral hemispheres cut away to expose the left optic tract (2) encircling the cerebral peduncle (26). The close-up views which illustrate more details of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Deep dissection of head and neck, left lateral view; brain removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.006.L.jpg The bony lateral wall of the orbit has been completely removed except for a narrow bridge at the orbital margin. The dura mater of the anterior (4) the middle (6) cranial fossae is visible through openings cut in the skull. The internal maxillary artery (11) has been exposed by removal of much of the left half of the mandible as well as the temporal and internal pterygoid muscles. Close-up views which illustrate more details of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Deep facial dissection, left lateral view; internal maxillary artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.004.L.jpg The greater omentum and transverse colon have been retracted upward to expose the infraomental part of the peritoneal cavity. Loops of the jujenum and ileum have been arranged to display the right side of the mesentery. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Mesentery, general view of right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.005.L.jpg The masseter muscle has been completely removed and the zygomatic arch cut away. The parotid gland and duct have been preserved. The superficial part of the gland has been dissected to expose the course of the facial nerve (23) from the stylomastoid foramen through the substance of the gland. The sternocleidomastoid muscle has been cut from its cranial attachments. Close-up views which illustrate more details of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Deep facial dissection, lateral view; temporal muscle; course of facial nerve through parotid gland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.005.L.jpg Loops of the ileum have been retracted to expose the region of the ileocecal junction. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Ileocecal junction; appendix https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.004.L.jpg The orbicularis oculi muscle has been removed except for remnants of its origins medially. The tarsal plate (4) of the upper eyelid has been exposed together with the corrugator supercilii muscle (2) and nerves emerging through the orbital septum. The skeleton of the nose has been exposed. In the oral region muscle fibers have been retracted to demonstrate the labial arteries (12,15). The masseter muscle has been freed from its zygomatic origin as well as its mandibular insertion and then reflected posteriorly. The masseteric nerve and vessels can thus be traced through the depths of the muscle from their entry point near its posterosuperior border. Close-up views which illustrate more details of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Deep facial dissections; masseter muscle reflected, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.002.L.jpg The transverse colon has been elevated. Loops of the jejunum have been pulled to the right to expose the duodenojejunal junction. Peritoneal folds and recesses often associated with the duodenojejunal flexure are not well developed in this specimen. A small inferior duodenal reces (9)extends for a short distance downward beneath a broad, thin inferior duodenal fold of peritoneum. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Duodenojejunal junction; splenic flexure of colon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.003.L.jpg The parotideomasseteric fascia has been cut away to reveal the parotid gland and various branches of the facial nerve. In the temporal region the auricular muscles, orbicularis oculi muscle, galea aponeurotica and underlying temporal fascia have been resected but superficial branches of nerves and arteries have been preserved. The course of the external maxillary artery and anterior facial vein is displayed. The latter consists of several small vessels superiorly. In the cervical region the platysma has been extensively cut away and the external layer of deep cervical fascia removed. Close-up views which illustrate more details of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Parotid gland; distribution of facial nerve, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.003.L.jpg In a different specimen from that shown in the preceding view there are well-defined superior and inferior duodenal folds and corresponding recesses. The abundance of fat in the mesenteries has obscured the descending colon and kidney. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Duodenojejunal junction; superior and inferior duodenal recesses https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.002.L.jpg Close-up views which illustrate more details of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Superficial structures of head and neck, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=138-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0138.007.L.jpg The liver has been pulled slightly forward and upward to expose the lesser omentum (4) which passes from the lesser curvature of the stomach into the fissure of the ligamentum venosum on the posteroinferior aspect of the liver. As it approaches the esophagal haitus of the diaphragm the lesser omentum attaches to the lower end of the esophagus (13). Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Relations of liver, stomach and diaphragm, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=49-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0049.001.L.jpg The skin has been removed and the subcutaneous connective tissue dissected to display nerves, blood vessels and the facial musculature. Close-up views of selected areas of this dissection are to be found as follows General orientation views of dissection. Superficial structures of head and neck; lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.001.L.jpg The liver has been eleveated. The view is directed in from below in such a way that the lesser omentum (4,14) is visible. The epiploic foramen (5) is discernable as the space behind the free border of the hepatoduodenal ligament. A finger passed through this opening reaches the omental bursa posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum. In this specimen there is an extra reflection of peritoneum which extends from the inferior surface of the liver to the duodenum and hepatic flexure of colon. This is known as the ligamentum hepatocolicum (7). Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Relations of liver, gall bladder, stomach and duodenum; lesser omentum and epiploic foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=48-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0048.007.L.jpg Osteology. Fifth cervical vertebra, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=5-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0005.001.L.jpg The hypophysis and optic chiasm are retracted toward the pons. The right posterior communicating artery (17) is divided and the internal carotid artery displaced forward to demonstrate the recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery (artery of Heubner) and the perforating branches of the anterior choroidal artery. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Close-up view of arteries entering anterior perforated substance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.007.L.jpg The peroneus brevis has been detached from its origins on the fibula (10) and anterior intermuscular septum (2). The muscle has been dissected and turned posteriorly to reveal the course of nerves and blood vessels into muscle substance. Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Nerves and blood vessels to peroneus brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.001.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been dissected. In the upper part of the field a small area of skin has been reflected upward to expose a cutaneous artery ramifying beneath the dermis. Dissection of medial aspect of left leg. Superficial nerves and blood vessels of medial side of leg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.006.L.jpg Branches of the superficial peroneal nerve that enter the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles (9,5) are visible in this view of the upper part of the previous dissection. Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Nerve supply to peroneus longus and brevis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.004.L.jpg The proximal end of the peroneus longus has been detached and reflected anteriorly to demonstrate the course of the common peroneal nerve (1) into the lateral compartment from the popliteal space. The division of the nerve into superficial (6) and deep (4) peroneal nerves is evident at this level. Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Relation of common peroneal nerve to head of fibula, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.005.L.jpg The peroneus brevis (14) has been uncovered by reflecting the peroneus longus posteriorly. The relations of the peroneus tertius (6) and the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg to the peroneus brevis are also visible in the specimen. Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Peroneus brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.002.L.jpg The retinacula that hold the peroneal and extensor tendons in position across the ankle have been preserved in the dissection. Elsewhere the deep fascia of the leg and foot has been cut away . Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Muscles of leg and foot, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.003.L.jpg The muscles of the leg have beem separated from each other and from the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa that subdivide the leg into anterior, lateral and posterior compartments. The lateral compartment, containing the peroneus longus (1) and peroneus brevis (7) muscles, occupies the central portion of the dissected area. The anterior compartment lies to the left of the anterior intermuscular septum (2). Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Peroneal muscles separated; anterior and posterior intermuscular septa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.007.L.jpg The dissection illustrates the course of the anterior tibial vessels through the anterior compartment of the leg and oto the dorsum of the foot (9,10,4). The extensor hallucis longus muscle has been preserved within the compartment to show its relation to these vessels. Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Anterior tibial and dorsal pedal vessels; anterolateral view of leg and foot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.002.L.jpg The bone of the orbital margin has been resected and the fascia which covered the insertion of the lateral rectus and inferior oblique muscles cut and reflected. The continuity of the muscle fascia with the bulbar fascia (Tenon's capsule) is visible. The lacrimal gland has been cut away except for a few lobules of its inferior portion. THe lateral expansion of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle crosses this area(4). A few muscle fibres from this muscle appear to end in a the fascia related to the lacrimal gland (4, upper pointer). Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Relation of muscle fascia to Tenon's capsule; insertion of lateral rectus and inferior oblique muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=193-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0193.001.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been cut away and the crural fascia (18) has been removed above the region of the ankle. However, the cutaneous branches of the peroneal nerve (6,9,10) have been preserved distal to their points of exit through the crural fascia. These branches have been placed across the underlying muscles in positions that approximately parallel their original peripheral courses. Dissection of lateral aspect of left leg. Muscles of leg, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.001.L.jpg The lateral rectus muscle has been cut in its midportion and the ends reflected to display structures located more centrally in the orbit. These have been exposed by removal of lobules of fat and delicate connective tissue. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Lateral rectus muscle reflected; ciliary nerves and ganglion https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.005.L.jpg The anterior compartment of the leg has been widely opened by retracting the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles (5,11). The course of the deep peroneal nerve (8) through the leg is visible in this view and in the following photographs of the specimen. Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Deep peroneal nerve; nerve supply to tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.007.L.jpg The brain has been removed except for the brain stem, optic chiasm and optic tracts. The tentorium has been cut away and the cavernous sinus opened to show the course of cranial nerves related to the orbit with the exception of the abducens nerve which remains almost completely covered. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Relation of orbital structures to brain stem and cranial nerves II-V https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.006.L.jpg The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles have been removed from the dissection. The extensor hallucis longus (9) has been elevated. Two branches of the deep peroneal nerve (8, 10) enter the muscle. The larger, upper branch passes between the anterior tibial artery and one of its accompanying veins in its course toward the muscle. Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Deep peroneal nerve; nerve supply to extensor hallucis longus muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.006.L.jpg The lateral wall and part of the roof (16) of the orbit have been cut away and a narrow rim of bone left at the orbital margin (3) for orientation. The position of the superior and inferior orbital fissures may still be identified posteriorly near the roof and floor of the orbit because of the nerves (22,23,24), blood vessels (20,26), smooth muscle (11) and fascia which have been retained. For the size and shape of the fissures in the bony orbit reference should be made to 37-1. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Relation of orbital contents to structures within pterygopalatine fossa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.004.L.jpg The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles have been reflected upward. The deep transverse fascia of the leg, enclosing the flexor hallucis longus (13), the flexor digitorum longus (10) and the tibialis posterior (15), has been cut away except for a narrow band retained to indicate the fibrous character and thickness of the fascia. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Muscles of deep posterior compartment of leg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.005.L.jpg The muscles and blood vessels within the deep compartment have been separated and more fully exposed than in the previous view. In addition, the small penniform component of the deep aspect of the soleus has been dissected to reveal the nerves and blood vessels that supply this portion of the muscle. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles; posterior tibial vessels; nerve supply to deep part of soleus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.002.L.jpg The muscle fibres have been separated and divided in various ways to expose the muscular branches of the tibial nerve passing through the soleus. Branches of the posterior tibial vessels paralleling the nerves have also been exposed. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Nerve supply to soleus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.003.L.jpg The plantaris muscle, which is absent from the specimen used for most of the views in this series, is shown in this close-up view of the upper posterior part of the left leg of a different specimen. The long, slender tendon of insertion (14) is visible for only a short distance in its course to the calcaneus. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Plantaris muscle, close-up view of muscle belly and nerves supply https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.001.L.jpg The gastrocnemius has been detached and removed from teh specimen. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Soleus muscle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.006.L.jpg The bursa that lies between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus muscle has been opened longitudinally. The gastrocnemius has been retracted slightly to reveal the interior of the bursal sac. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Bursa of semimembranosus muscle, close-up posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.007.L.jpg The aponeurosis on the posterior surface of the gastrocnemius has been partially removed to permit separation of the fascicles of the muscle. The oblique direction of these fascicles in their course from the superficial aponeurosis of origin to the deeply placed aponeurotic tendon of insertion is discernible in the dissection. The nerves within the muscles communicate in a plexiform manner. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Nerve supply to gastrcnemius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.004.L.jpg The crural fascia has been cut away. The small saphenous vein and the cutaneous nerves of the back of the leg have been preserved approximately to their normal locations to illustrate the relations of these structures to the musculature. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Muscles of leg, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.005.L.jpg The crural fascia has been removed, although nerves and vessels that lay superficial to it have been retained. The flexor retinaculum (15) at the ankle has been opened to expose the posterior tibial vessels and the tibial nerve. Fat has been removed deep to the calcaneal tendon. The spiraling course of the fibres of the calcaneal tendon is evident in the photograph. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Muscles, blood vessels and nerves of lower leg ankle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.002.L.jpg The deep fascia of the leg and foot has been removed. However, the superficial nerves (1,7,18) and the large saphenous vein (11) have beem retained to illustrate their relations to the deeper structures. Dissection of medial aspect of left leg. Large saphenous vein; muscles of leg and foot, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=194-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0194.003.L.jpg Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Superficial nerves and blood vessels of leg, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.001.L.jpg Bone has been cut away from the roof of the orbit and the ethmoidal sinuses opened. The periorbita has been resected and the orbital fat removed. The arrangement of muscle fascia anteriorly in the orbit is of particular interest. The muscles have not yet been stripped of intrinsic fascia, but this is so thin posteriorly that it is barely discernable except over the superior oblique muscle (12). The fascia becomes dense only where the muscles approach the eye. Here it spreads away from the muscle borders into neighboring areas. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. General relations of structures within orbit; orbital fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=190-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0190.007.L.jpg In this specimen, shown previously in view 189-7, the iliotibial tract and the patellar retinacula have been removed. The joint capsule has been opened to reveal the extent of the joint cavity anteriorly (5, 9, 17, 21) in relation to the collateral ligaments 97,18) and menisci (8, 19). Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, anterior view showing relations of ligaments to internal structures https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.007.L.jpg The margins of the lids, the tarsal plates and the conjunctival sac have been exposed. The orbital roof and levator palpebrae superioris muscle have been cut away and the orbital fat removed. Palpebral arteries. Anterior view of right eyelids https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.006.L.jpg Valve-like mucosal folds (15) are visible in the nasolacrimal duct. The one which guards the opening of the duct into the inferior nasal meatus (valve of Hasner, 17) extends about 5 mm. below the opening of the bony nasolacrimal canal (16). The tendon of the superior oblique muscle has been exposed within the trochlea (4) and its relation to the insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle displayed. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.005.L.jpg The lacrimal sac (6) has been uncovered by removal of the medial palpebral ligament and reflection of the lacrimal fascia (5). The lacrimal canaliculi converge toward a common opening through the lateral wall of the sac. The bony nasolacrimal canal and nasal fossa have been exposed by grinding away part of the maxilla and nasal bone. The periosteal lining of the nasolacrimal canal is undisturbed. A thin edge of the infraorbital margin remains at 13. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Lacrimal sac; bony nasolacrimal canal opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.004.L.jpg The palpebral conjunctiva has been removed from both eyelids to expose the conjunctival fornices and bulbar conjunctiva. The tarsal plates, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments and lacrimal canaliculi remain in place. The canaliculi have been opened (5,9) to reveal their ampullae. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Bulbar conjunctiva; lacrimal canaliculi opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.003.L.jpg The supporting tarsal muscle (16) has been detached from the margin of the tarsus and resected to uncover the conjunctival membrane (17). The orbital septum has been cut away to expose the trochlea encased in dense fascia. The fascia (24) which encloses the inferior oblique muscle (12) extends laterally to the orbital tubercle of the zygoma and medially to the posterior lacrimal crest. It also blends with the fascia of the inferior rectus muscle and with the fascia of the bulb. The sling-like support thus formed for the eye is often referred to as the suspensory ligament (of Lockwood). Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Tarsal plates; lacrimal canaliculi; fascia supporting eye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.002.L.jpg The muscle fibers have been separated to show their inward extension toward the lacrimal fascia. This portion of the orbicularis muscle together with its counterpart in the upper eyelid is known as Horner's muscle. The underlying orbital septum (18) is not as distinctly membranous here as it is in the upper part of the orbit. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Inferior lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=53-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0053.001.L.jpg The aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle has been cut back so that the entire extent of the tarsal muscle is visible. Smooth muscle fibers are less evident in the extreme lateral and medial parts of this layer. The orbital septum does not appear to be a complete membrane in the lateral and inferior parts of the orbit, but rather consists of fibrous bands intermingled with lobules of fat. The layer of connective tissue which extended betweeen the orbicularis oculi muscle and the orbital septum has been completely removed. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Relation of orbital septum to aponeurotic and smooth muscle insertions of levator palpebrae superioris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.007.L.jpg Note that no fibers attach to the anterior surface of the medial palpebral ligament. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Muscle fibers near medial angle of eyelids https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.006.L.jpg The aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle has been partially elevated to illustrate its insertion (18) into the anterior surface of the tarsus. Laterally the aponeurosis has been reflected (16) to expose the tarsal muscle (17), a layer of smooth muscle which extends between the superior margin of the tarsal plate and the deep surface of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae muscle. This layer is known as M|ller's muscle. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Orbital septum; tarsal plates; insertion of levator palpebrae superioris muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=52-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0052.005.L.jpg Portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle remain over the medial parts of the eyelids but have been reflected in various ways to show underlying structures. The zygomatic muscle (24) and zygomatic head of the quadratus labii superioris muscle (26) have been partially removed. Dissection of left orbit from an anterior approach. Branches of trigeminal and facial nerves in orbital and infraorbital regions https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.003.L.jpg This close-up photograph of the upper part of the leg the details of the blood vessels and nerves within the anterior compartment of the leg are clearly visible. Nerves that enter the extensor digitorum longus have been preserved in reflecting the muscle posteriorly. Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Nerve supply to extensor digitorum longus, close-up view of upper part of leg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.005.L.jpg The left half of the calvaria has been removed and the cerebral hemispheres cut away to expose the optic chiasm (4, lower pointer) and the left optic tract(19) which passes posteriorly to the lateral geniculate body (17). The cavernous sinus has been opened and the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa dissected. The lacrimal gland (7) has been partially resected and structures within the orbit more fully exposed than in previous views. Details of the dissection of the cavernous sinus are to be found in reels 50-7 and 51-1 ff. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Contents of orbit in relation to cranial cavity, brain stem and cavernous sinus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.004.L.jpg The tibialis anterior has been detached from its origins on the tibia and interosseous membrane. The muscle has been retracted laterally. Branches of the deep peroneal nerve (10, 12) enter the anterior muscular compartment by passing through the anterior intermuscular septum (8). The upper one of these branches supplies periosteum as well as muscle, whereas the lower branch passes directly into the muscle. The recurrent branch of the anterior tibial artery (11), with its accompanying veins, sends branches into the muscle. Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Nerves and blood vessels to upper part of tibialis anterior muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.004.L.jpg The periorbita has been resected and the bony walls of the orbit cut away more than previously. A thin layer of fat separated the lateral rectus muscle from the periorbita. This fat has been removed from along with that surrounding other structures within the orbit. The fascia of the lateral rectus muscle is intact, but is extremely thin through most of its extent. Anteriorly the fascia thickens rapidly and has a broad attachment to the orbital tubercle of the zygomatic bone to form the lateral check ligament (6). Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Lateral rectus muscle; communication of lacrimal and zygomatic nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.003.L.jpg The bony wall of the middle cranial fossa has been removed so that the dura mater (9), which encloses the tip of the temporal lobe, is exposed. The dura has been retracted to reveal the lateral wall of the orbit, from which the bone has been cut. Windows cut in the bone of the anterior cranial fossa expose the dura mater (8) in two locations. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Periorbita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.002.L.jpg The roof and lateral wall of the orbit have been cut away. The bony orbital margin has been preserved and the anterior wall of the middle cranial fossa (great wing of sphenoid bone) has been left undisturbed. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Relation of lacrimal gland to periorbita and zygomatic nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=55-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0055.001.L.jpg After thorotrast had been injected into the right common carotid artery the head was section in the midsagittal plane and the brain removed. Near the apex of the orbit numerous muscular and ciliary arteries are visible but the identity of these is difficult to establish except for a few muscular branches which continue as anterior ciliary arteries (5,9). Many of the vessels have been omitted from the drawing. Arteries of right orbital region of newborn. Lateromedial roentgenogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.007.L.jpg The ophthalmic artery and its branches have been cut away to reveal the ciliary nerves (4) and ganglion (8) as well as the nerves which enter the rectus muscles. A distinct bulge occurs in each of the extraocular muscles just anterior to the point of entry of motor nerves into the muscle substance. A filament from the ophthalmic sympathetic plexus (10) joins the ciliary ganglion. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. Ciliary ganglion and connections; nerve supply to medial, inferior and lateral rectus muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.007.L.jpg The superficial structures of the leg and foot have been removed from this specimen. Views of the superficial vessels and nerves of the leg are shown elsewhere (193-1, 194-1, 194-3). The deep fascia has been resected from the leg and foot, with the exception of the thickened extensor retinacula (6, 13) which have been retained across the ankle. Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Muscles of left leg and foot, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.001.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view has been rotated to expose the anterolateral parts of the ankle and foot. The relations of the extensor muscles to the extensor retinacula (13,15) are shown. the peroneus tertius is visible in its entirety (11). Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Muscles of leg and foot; extensor retinacula, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.005.L.jpg The femur and tibia have been completely disarticulated. The tibia is viewed from above and behind. The femur has been pulled forward to expose its posteroinferior aspect. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, posterosuperior view with bones separated https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.006.L.jpg The posterior ligament of the head of the fibula has been divided. The fibula has been rotated forward to open the tibiofibular articulation. Dissection of knee. Cavity of right tibiofibular joint in relation to knee joint, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.006.L.jpg The optic nerve has been cut and the eye turned anteriorly. The central end of the optic nerve has been displaced from the optic canal to illustrate the course of the ophthalmic artery in a separate dural investment inferior to the nerve. Branches of this artery within the orbit presented such a complex pattern that it was necessary to displace the artery medially from its original position to demonstrate their arrangement. Branches to structures in the superior part of the orbit have been cut off. In the accompanying drawing smaller arterial branches have been omitted for the sake of simplicity. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. Branches of ophthalmic artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.003.L.jpg The arcuate and oblique popliteal ligaments have been resected. The posterior meniscofemoral and posterior cruciate ligaments are visible. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, posterior view of meniscofemoral and posterior cruciate ligaments https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.005.L.jpg The superior rectus muscle has been cut and reflected to expose underlying structures. The fascia of the bulb (Tenon's capsule) has been partially cut away. Short ends of two vorticose veins (16) protrude from the sclera. In this specimen the ophthalmic artery passes beneath the optic nerve rather than above it. This is a rather common variation. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. Ophthalmic artery; ciliary nerves and arteries; sheath of optic nerve; insertion of superior oblique muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.004.L.jpg The medial parts of the joint capsule have been cut away to display the cavity in relation to the ligaments and the medial meniscus. The margins of the narrow part of the joint space located below the meniscus are indicated by pointer 20. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.004.L.jpg The levator palpebrae superioris muscle has been cut and reflected anteriorly. The fascia (18) of the inferior surface of this muscle blends with that of the superior rectus muscle in the region of the eye. In addition, the fascia of the superior rectus muscle spreads medially (5) and laterally (20) to fuse with the fascia from neighboring rectus muscles. The tendon of the superior oblique muscle has been lifted from its trochlea (3). Note that the reflected part of this tendon, which passes under the superior rectus muscle, is encased in dense fascia continuous with that already described. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. Superior rectus muscle and related fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.001.L.jpg The joint capsule (3) has been opened to reveal the internal contours of the joint in relation to the ligaments on its lateral aspect. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.003.L.jpg The aponeurosis of insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (6) has been exposed. The superior part of the lacrimal gland has been cut away and the fascia removed from the aponeurosis. The upper eyelid (13) has been dissected to display the extension of this aponeurosis onto the anterior surface of the tarsus (12) as well as its attachment to the skin anterior to the tarsus (14). This insertion is also visible in reel 52-3. The insertion of the lateral "horn" of the aponeurosis into the orbital tubercle of the zygoma is visible at 11. The medial "horn" of the aponeurosis (23) extends downward toward the medial wall of the orbit. Variation in thickness of the bone of the lateral wall of the orbit is well shown in this view. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. Insertion of levator palpebrae superioris muscle, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=191-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0191.002.L.jpg Windows have been cut in the joint capsule posterior to the femoral and tibial condyles to expose the interior of the joint and at the same time to preserve the major capsular ligaments posteriorly. Dissection of knee. Interior of right knee joint, posterior view showing capsular ligaments and internal structures https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=54-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0054.002.L.jpg The bone of the orbital margin has been resected and the fascia covering the levator palpebrae muscle removed. Subcutaneous structures of the supraorbital region (13-16) have been preserved along with the thickened rim of periorbita at the margin of the orbit (17). The superior orbital fissure (24) has been opened to display nerves which traverse it. The superior ophthalmic vein has been removed. Dissection of right orbit from a superior approach. Relation of aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris muscle to tendon of superior oblique muscle and lacrimal gland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=192-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0192.002.L.jpg The extensor digitorum longus has been divided at its origin and reflected posteriorly, together with the peroneus tertius, to expose the belly of the extensor hallucis longus (4). Dissection of anterior aspect of left leg. Extensor hallucis longus muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.002.L.jpg The left anterior cerebral artery has been removed. The pericallosal arteries, normally terminal branches of the anterior cerebral arteries of their respective sides, both arise from the right side in this specimen. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Pericallosal arteries (both arising from right anterior cerebral artery) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.003.L.jpg The occipital and temporal lobes have been resected to expose the cavity of the lateral ventricle and its contained choroid plexus. The left internal cerebral vein (25) and its tributaries are visible within the transverse fissure. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Lateral ventricle viewed from behind; left internal cerebral vein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.007.L.jpg The superficial dissection has been extended onto the toes with the exposure of the common and proper plantar digital nerves. The subcutaneous tissue (2) has been retained on the second toe to preserve some semblance of the original shape of the ball of the foot. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Plantar digital nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.001.L.jpg The frontal, parietal and occipital lobes have been cut away from the left hemisphere and branches of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries have been left in situ. In the center of the hemisphere the white mass of the corona radiata (21) remains. No attempt was made here to dissect individual systems of fibers in this region inasmuch as these are demonstrated in dissections shown elsewhere. The contents of the lateral fissure have been disclosed by the resection of the frontal and parietal opercula. The upper half of the insula (11) is exposed and the circular sulcus can be seen around its periphery. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries in relation to the falx cerebri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.005.L.jpg The tendons have been cut off and removed from the various grooves across the posterior part of the ankle joint. Posterior aspect of left ankle and foot. Grooves for flexor tendons and peroneal tendons at ankle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.006.L.jpg A margin of skin has been preserved laterally and distally on the foot. The tela subcutanea has been variously dissected. In some areas it has been kept intact to illustrate the relative thickness of this layer on different parts of the foot. Elsewhere the superficial vessels and nerves and the plantar aponeurosis have been exposed. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Tela subcutanea; superficial vessels and nerves of plantar surface of foot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.004.L.jpg The peroneus longus and brevis muscles have been cut off. A peroneus accessorius muscle (7) is present with a small muscular portion attached to the lateral side of the calcaneus and a slender tendon extending upward to blend with the posterior intermuscular septum of the leg. The calcaneal tendon has been divided slightly above its attachment of the calcaneus. Posterior aspect of left ankle and foot. Peroneus accessorius muscle; long flexor tendons in relation to ankle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.002.L.jpg The flexor retinaculum (3) has been opened to reveal the course of the tendons of the tibialis posterior (10), flexor digitorum longus (11) and flexor hallucis longus (12) from the leg into the foot. Dissection of medial aspect of left foot and ankle. Long flexor tendons within flexor retinaculum, medial view of ankle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.003.L.jpg Posterior aspect of left ankle and foot. Tendo calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi muscles, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.007.L.jpg The abductor hallucis has been detached from its origin and reflected downward exposing the fascial bed in which it lay. Dissection of medial aspect of left foot and ankle. Abductor hallucis reflected; posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve at ankle, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=199-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0199.001.L.jpg The abductor hallucis has been excised and the fascia of the plantar part of the foot has been removed. The flexor retinaculum (4) has also been cut away to reveal the posterior tibial vessels and the tibial nerve passing around the ankle into the plantar region of the foot. Dissection of medial aspect of left foot and ankle. Medial and lateral plantar vessels and nerves, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.006.L.jpg The stria terminalis has been cut across and the lower segment (12) turned toward the viewer. Thus the size of the stria in this region can be seen. In the previous view many fibers were seen to pass from the stratum zonale of the thalamus into the temporal and occipital lobes. These fibers are now exposed far into both lobes. In their course they pass just lateral to the lateral geniculate body (the lateral zone of Wernicke or area triangularis seen in horizontal sections cut through this region). This system of fibers has been called the "fasciculus temporothalamicus" by Arnold although it is apparent that it also reaches other cortical areas. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Stria terminalis reflected; temporothalamic fibers exposed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.007.L.jpg The posterior cerebral artery has been retracted toward the left. The lateral geniculate body has been cut horizontally and its inferior part, together with the optic tract, pulled slightly out of position. The cerebral peduncle is seen as it ascends to form part of the internal capsule. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Optic tract and lateral geniculate body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.004.L.jpg The ependymal lining has been removed to expose the tapetum (10), a broad band of fibers sweeping downward from the corpus callosum over the inferior horn of the ventricle into the temporal lobe. As the tail of the caudate nucleus (13) passes down from the floor of the central part of the ventricle into the roof of the inferior horn it parallels the anterior edge of the tapetum (left border as seen in the view). Only a fragmentary part of the tail of the caudate nucleus could be satisfactorily demonstrated in this specimen. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Tapetum and tail of caudate nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.005.L.jpg The tapetum (approximately 1 mm. thick) has been removed and remnants of the tail of the caudate nucleus scraped away from the roof of the inferior horn of the ventricle. The stria terminalis remains in place (15). The fibers (16) uncovered by this dissection can be followed to the stratum zonale covering the superior surface of the thalamus. As these fibers are traced posteriorly around the convex surface of the thalamus they pass beneath the stria terminalis to radiate into the temporal and occipital lobes. Note the formation of sharp loops in the radiation of these fibers. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Looping fibers from stratum zonale of thalamus radiating into temporal and occipital lobes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.002.L.jpg Further dissection of the upper parts of the dentate fascia and hippocampus has revealed a discret system of fibers (15) which can be traced through the fasciola cinerea beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum and upward toward the induseum griseum (supracallosal gyrus) where it apparently is continued as the medial longitudinal stria. No evidence of a lateral longitudinal stria could be found in this specimen. Near the splenium some of the tissue of the induseum griseum is scraped away to reveal the fibers of the corpus callosum. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Longitudinal bundle of fibers within hippocampus continuous with medial longitudinal stria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.003.L.jpg The hippocampal structures are now widely resected to reveal structures in the roof of the inferior horn of the ventricle. Fiber strands (15) continuing from the stria terminalis spread out across the ventricular surface of the amygdaloid nucleus (16) where it bulges downward into the inferior horn. The lateral limit of the transverse fissure is clearly seen in this specimen as the line (11) along which the choroid plexus of the ventricle is attached. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Roof of inferior horn of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.007.L.jpg The thalamus (2, 4) and internal capsule (20) have been cut away so that the optic tract (21) can be followed posteriorly from the optic chiasm to its termination at the lateral geniculate body (17). The left internal carotid artery (25) is visible within the chiasmatic subarachnoid cistern. A short distance above its point of emergence from beneath the anterior clinoid process the carotid bifurcates (22, lower pointer) into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract and lateral geniculate body viewed from above and in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=20-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0020.001.L.jpg In this view considerable detail of the organization of fiber bundles in the depths of the fascia dentata (5) can be observed. The surface of the fascia dentata exposed here is that which faces the hippocampal gyrus across the cleavage line formed at the hippocampal fissure. Small straight arterial branches of the choroidal vessels derived from the posterior cerebral artery enter the tissue along the line of the fissure and pass inward between the fiber bundles. The curved molecular layer in the depths of the hippocampus (13) is seen to be in continuity with the tooth-like radiations of fibers of the dentate fascia. The alveus (12), which forms the smooth convex ventricular surface of the hippocampus as it is usually seen, is here viewed from its internal or attached aspect. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Close-up view of dentate fascia and hippocampus from their internal aspects https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.006.L.jpg More tissue has been cut away from the basal region of the left hemisphere. The anterior commissure (6) has been partly removed. The striate arteries and the recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery (17) are shown in their relation to the lentiform nucleus. The temporal pole has been removed from the middle cranial fossa. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Striate arteries, anterior commissure and optic nerve viewed from above and in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.004.L.jpg The left half of the fornix has been partly removed. The cut ends of the remaining parts are visible at 11 and 22. The inferior sagittal sinus lies within the falx (20) near its free margin. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Close-up view of tributaries of internal cerebral vein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=2-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0002.005.L.jpg The view is from above and in front. A cut has been made through the basal ganglia close to the attachment of the olfactory tract to the base of the brain, and the left hemisphere removed. The olfactory bulb and tract remain in position on the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. The most medial part of the lateral fissure is opened from above and its contained vessels (28) exposed. The temporal pole is still present. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Olfactory bulb and tract in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.001.L.jpg The superficial nerves have been preserved along with the major superficial venous pathways. The dorsal fascia of the foot has been partially removed. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Superficial nerves and vessels of dorsum of foot in relation to muscles and tendons, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.002.L.jpg Nerves and blood vessels have been cut away from the specimen and the fascia of the foot has been removed except for its thickened parts which form the retaining structures (1,12,15) for the tendons. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Tendons, muscles and retinacula of dorsum of foot, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.006.L.jpg A margin of intact skin and tela subcutanea has been retained surrounding the area of the foot and ankle which has been dissected. The cutaneous nerves and superficial veins have been exposed by dissection of the tela subcutanea. The deep fascia has not been disturbed. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Superficial nerves and blood vessels of dorsum of foot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.007.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue have been entirely removed from the specimen. Only the principal branches of the small saphenous vein have been preserved. The deep fascia has been dissected, with retention of the retinacula at the ankle. A band of the dorsal fascia of the foot (5) has also been kept intact across the metatarsal region. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Superficial nerves and vessels of foot in relation to muscles and tendons, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.005.L.jpg The tibialis posterior has been removed by dividing its fibres close to their origins (2) to demonstrate the interosseous membrane in relation to the posterior aspects of the tibia and fibula. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Interosseous membrane; area of origin of tibialis posterior muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.003.L.jpg The flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus muscles have been cut away to reveal the deeply placed tibialis posterior (10). The flexor retinaculum (4) at the ankle has been cut across to open the passageways for the flexor tendons. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Tibialis posterior muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.004.L.jpg The upper part of the tibialis posterior has been dissected to demonstrate the course of nerves and vessels within the muscle. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Nerves and blood vessels to tibialis posterior https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.001.L.jpg The heavy fascia that covered the popliteus has been cut away. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Popliteus muscle, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=196-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0196.002.L.jpg The popliteus has been detached from its insertion on the tibia and reflected upward to display its nerve supply derived from the tibial nerve. The posterior tibial recurrent artery (4) that ramifies within the muscle is a branch of the first part of the anterior tibial artery. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Nerve supply to popliteus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.006.L.jpg The flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus have been pulled apart to reveal the belly of the tibialis posterior (11) lying deeply placed between the two muscles. The changing relations of the tendons of the deep flexors is evident as the tendons pass behind the ankle into the foot. The peroneal and posterior tibial arteries (3,9) are shown divested of accompanying veins. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries; tibialis posterior muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=195-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0195.007.L.jpg The tibial nerve has been elevated and put under traction to stretch the various muscular branches that have been exposed within the dissected area. Dissection of posterior aspect of left leg. Nerves to deep flexor muscles, close-up view of upper area of leg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.005.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been dissected to reveal the superficial nerves, arteries and veins of the medial aspect of the left foot. A margin of skin and subcutaneous tissue has been preserved at the borders of the dissected area. Copyright holder Dissection of medial aspect of left foot and ankle. Superficial nerves and blood vessels of foot, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.006.L.jpg The fascia covering the abductor hallucis has been cut away. The distal part of the large saphenous vein and the superficial nerves of the foot have been preserved. Above the ankle the crural fascia (2) has been removed in a manner that demonstrates its relation to the deep transverse fascia (1) of the leg. Dissection of medial aspect of left foot and ankle. Superficial nerves and vessels in relation to abductor hallucis muscle and tendons of foot, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.003.L.jpg The dorsal interossei have been separated slightly from their bony origins to expose the metatarsal arteries. In this foot these vessels spring largely from the perforating arteries rather than from the arcuate artery (12) which is extremely small. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Dorsal metatarsal arteries; dorsal interosseous muscles, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.004.L.jpg Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Arteries and ligaments of foot, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.001.L.jpg The short extensor muscles have been detached at their origins and elevated to permit dissection of the branch from the deep peroneal nerve (3) that supplies these muscles. The specimen is viewed from a lateral direction. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Nerve supply to extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=198-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0198.002.L.jpg The extensor tendons continue distally onto the toes to form extensor expansions (1) similar to those found in the fingers. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Blood vessels and extensor tendons of toes; terminal branches of deep peroneal nerve, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.007.L.jpg The long extensor tendons have been cut away to reveal the extensor hallucis brevis (5) and extensor digitorum brevis (12) in situ. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Dorsalis pedis artery; intrinsic muscles of dorsum of foot, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.005.L.jpg The superior (11) and inferior (16) peroneal retinacula have been divided and synovial tendon sheaths of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles have been opened. A small peroneus accessorius muscle (13) is present in this specimen. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Relations of tendons of peroneal muscles at ankle with retinacula and tendon sheaths opened, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.006.L.jpg The abductor digiti minimi has been reflected downward to expose the branch of the lateral plantar nerve (12) as it passes within the substance of the muscle. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Nerve supply to abductor digiti minimi muscle, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.003.L.jpg Air has been injected into the synovial sheath (5) of the long extensor tendons of the toes to distend the portion of this sheath that extends distal to the inferior extensor retinaculum (11). The specimen is viewed from an anterolateral direction. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Synovial sheath of extensor tendons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=197-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0197.004.L.jpg The superior and inferior extensor retinacula (1,6) have been cut away to reveal the underlying tendons. Dissection of dorsolateral aspect of left foot and ankle. Extensor retinacula and tendon sheath of extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius opened, anterolateral view of foot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.003.L.jpg The course of the branch of the medial plantar nerve into the abductor hallucis has been demonstrated in this specimen by the removal of small fascicles of the muscle. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to abductor hallucis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.003.L.jpg The flexor hallucis brevis has been dissected to show the branches of the medial plantar nerve entering the muscle along with the branches of the medial plantar artery. The flexor digitorum brevis has been excised. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to flexor hallucis brevis muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.004.L.jpg The abductor digiti minimi has been cut off near its calcaneal origin. Branches of the lateral plantar nerve that enter the posterior part of the muscle have been preserved. The quadratus plantae (14) has been dissected to expose its general structural arrangement and its nerve supply. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.001.L.jpg The digital tendon sheaths of the four medial toes have been opened to expose the tendons of the long and short muscles in situ within the sheaths. The proximal limit of the synovial sheath for the tendons of the third toe is indicated at 11. A small artery is visible in this area passing along a part of the synovial membrane that lies superficial to the tendon and is attached to it as a sort of mesotendon. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Flexor tendons within digital tendon sheaths https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.002.L.jpg The flexor digitorum brevis has been pulled away from the foot to show the relations of its tendon to that of the flexor digitorum longus within the digital sheath of the second toe. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Flexor tendons of second toe elevated, medial close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.006.L.jpg The branch from the medial plantar nerve to the first lumbrical has been dissected and elevated. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to first lumbrical muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.007.L.jpg The abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis have been removed from the dissection. The lateral plantar nerve has been elevated slightly to expose its branch to the quadratus plantae muscle. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to quadratus plantae muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.004.L.jpg Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Digital tendon sheaths in relation to digital arteries and nerves, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.005.L.jpg The flexor digitorum brevis has been divided close to its origin (10) to permit the muscle to be reflected distally. A branch (12) of the nerve supplying the muscle (see view 200-2) can be traced to the lateral parts of the muscle belly. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus; lumbrical muscles; quadratus plantae muscle; medial and lateral plantar nerves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.001.L.jpg The tela subcutanea has been removed from most of the foot. Cutaneous nerves and vessels to the sole of the foot have been preserved. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Plantar aponeurosis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=200-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0200.002.L.jpg The plantar aponeurosis (10) has been reflected toward the toes. Its attachments to intermuscular septa are visible in several places. The nerve to the flexor digitorum brevis (3) enters the plantar surface of the muscle and is visible in the dissection. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles; nerve supply to flexor digitorum brevis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.006.L.jpg The lateral tendons of the flexor digitorum longus have been slightly elevated. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Long flexor tendons and lumbrical muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.007.L.jpg The flexor tendons have been cut off and removed. The plantar interosseous fascia has been removed distally nearly as far as the heads of the metatarsals. The transverse and oblique heads of the adductor hallucis (3, 5) have been uncovered. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Adductor hallucis muscle, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.007.L.jpg The tendons of the peroneus longus and tibialis posterior muscles have been cut off at their insertions (1, 3, 7) to permit the deeper-lying ligaments to be brought to view. The groove marking the course of the peroneus longus tendon across the plantar part of the foot can be readily traced in the specimen (13). Facets on the calcaneus and cuboid bone are visible along the path occupied by this tendon. Joints of left ankle and foot. Ligaments of ankle and foot, medial view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.001.L.jpg The bifurcate ligament is obscured in this photograph by bands of the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament medial to the area indicated by pointer 5. It is visible in view 203-3. Joints of left ankle and foot. Ligaments of ankle and foot, dorsal view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.005.L.jpg In the dissection of the left foot shown in this photograph and in the subsequent views of this series the muscles, nerves and blood vessels have been entirely removed to illustrate the ligaments and joints of the ankle and foot. In connection with the study of these structures reference should also be made to view 198-4 which illustrates the ligaments on the dorsum of the foot and to view 202-4 in which the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe has been opened. Joints of left ankle and foot. Ligaments of planar aspect of foot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.006.L.jpg The tendons of the peroneus longus and tibialis posterior muscles have been cut off at their insertions (1, 3, 7) to permit the deeper-lying ligaments to be brought to view. The groove marking the course of the peroneus longus tendon across the plantar part of the foot can be readily traced in the specimen (13). Facets on the calcaneus and cuboid bone are visible along the path occupied by this tendon. Joints of left ankle and foot. Ligaments of plantar aspect of foot, deep layer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.003.L.jpg Details of the dissection illustrated in the previous view are shown in this close-up photograph of the interossei, their nerves and the branches of the plantar arch related to them. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Interosseous muscles and plantar arch, close-up plantar view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.004.L.jpg The plantar interossei have been detached and removed from the dissection to provide a better view of the dorsal interossei and their nerves. In addition, the capsule of the first metatarsophalangeal joint has been opened by a wide incision to expose the interior of the joint. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to dorsal interosseous muscles; interior of first metatarsophalangeal joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.001.L.jpg The adductor hallucis has been detached and elevated to reveal the positions of the plantar arterial and venous arches, the deep plantar nerve and the more medially placed interosseous muscles. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Nerve supply to adductor hallucis muscle; plantar arterial arch, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=202-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0202.002.L.jpg The adductor hallucis (1) has been cut close to its insertion on the base of the first phalanx of the great toe. The plantar arch and the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve have been preserved. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Interosseous muscles, general plantar view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=201-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0201.005.L.jpg The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus have been retracted medially to display the insertion into them of the quadratus plantae and the nearby origin of an unusually large fourth lumbrical muscle. At a deeper level the interosseous fascia has been removed exposing the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve. Motor branches of this nerve pass to the flexor digiti minimi brevis (15), the fourth lumbrical (10), and the interosseous muscles. Dissection of plantar aspect of left foot. Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve; nerve supply to flexor digiti minimi brevis and fourth lumbrical muscles Description. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.006.L.jpg The terminal ileum has been pulled anteriorly so that the inferior ileocecal recess (5) is visible. The ileocecal fold (3) and the mesenteriole of the appendix (mesoappendix) (6) form the boundaries of this recess. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Ileocecal junction; ileum elevated to display mesoappendix https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=139-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0139.007.L.jpg The cecum has been elevated to illustrate its relation to the parietal peritoneum posteriorly. In this instance the line of peritoneal reflection is convex downward so that no actual retrocecal fossa or recess, in the usual sense of term, is present. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Retrocecal region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.007.L.jpg The head of the caudate nucleus has been exposed by resection of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and part of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus. Continuity of this part of the caudate nucleus with the putamen (4) (now removed) can be traced around the lower border of the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The latter is cut across as it enters the region. The lentiform nucleus is now more completely taken out so that the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (3) is visible. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Anterior limb of internal capsule; continuity of head of caudate nucleus with putamen; posterior limb of anterior commissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.001.L.jpg Comparison of this specimen with the one shown in the preceding view (139-7) serves to demonstrate variations in the attachment of the cecum to the posterior abdominal wall. In the present example a cecal fold (5) forms one boundary of a deep retrocecal fossa into which the appendix extends. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Retrocecal fossa; retrocecal appendix https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.005.L.jpg The internal capsule has been cut through to expose fibers of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus which forms a longitudinal bundle in the angle medial to the junction of the corpus callosum and internal capsule. The name commonly used to describe this fasciculus is quite apparently a misnomer inasmuch as there is no evident connection with the occipital lobe. The downward course of these fibers posteriorly towards the thalamus is seen in this dissection. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.006.L.jpg The radiation of the internal capsule has been cut away more extensively and the posterior part of the superior occipitofrontal bundle removed so that much of the body and tail of the caudate nucleus is visible. The putamen has been partially scraped away to expose various branches of the striate arteries. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Body and tail of caudate nucleus; striate arteries within lentiform nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.003.L.jpg A window is now cut through the external sagittal stratum to expose the tapetum, a band of fibers from the corpus callosum which passes downward into the temporal lobe. This sheet of fibers lies immediately adjacent to the lateral ventricle. In places (14) it has been removed entirely to reveal the ependymal lining of the ventricle which appears dark in the view. The tail of the caudate nucleus (12) is exposed through much of its course into the temporal lobe. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Tapetum and tail of caudate nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.004.L.jpg The tapetum is cut away and the lateral ventricle thus opened. Most of the inferior horn is exposed, the entire posterior horn is visible and the area of confluence of these two horns with the central part of the ventricle is shown. This area is known as the atrium. Note the presence of choroid plexus only in the body and inferior horn of the ventricle. Its line of attachment (and thus closure of the ventricle from the transverse fissure medially) is along the concave medial margin of the ventricle. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Inferior and posterior horns of lateral ventricle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.001.L.jpg Close-up view of the same brain seen previously, now with the lentiform nucleus dissected away to demonstrate the passage of the anterior commissure through it, the course of the striate arteries (including the recurrent artery of Heubner) into the internal capsule and the direction of fibers in the internal capsule. Many of these fibers are broken off at their points of entry into the lentiform nucleus. The rough area medial and posterior to the anterior commissure consists of fibers passing medially from the globus pallidus which was situated in that position. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Relation of internal capsule to caudate and lentiform nuclei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=14-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0014.002.L.jpg The dissection has been continued posteriorly to the occipital pole by the removal of cortex and association bundles including the posterior part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. This exposes a massive system of fibers (the external sagittal stratum) running toward the occipital pole in the depths of the hemisphere. Many of these fibers interconnect thalamic and cortical centers and course in the retrolenticular and sublenticular parts of the internal capsule (e.g., posterior stalk of the thalamus, geniculocalcarine tract). Fibers of the visual radiation (geniculocalcarine tract) at first pass outward from the lateral geniculate body, in the sublenticular part of the internal capsule (14), then turn posteriorly. They apparently do not form any exaggerated forward loops as is sometimes depicted. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. External sagittal stratum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.003.L.jpg The sigmoid colon (2) has been elevated to bring the intersigmoid recess (3) into view. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Sigmoid colon; intersigmoid recess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.004.L.jpg Peritoneum has been removed from the anterior surfaces of the greater and lesser omenta and these structures have been dissected. Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels have been preserved insofar as possible in this preparation. These nodes are related to the lesser curvature of the stomach (2,4) as well as to the greater curvature (9,19). In a later view (141-7), the lymphatic structures have been removed so that blood vessels and nerves are more clearly visible. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Lymph nodes and vessels related to stomach, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.002.L.jpg The jejunum and ileum have been retracted to the right to expose the root of mesentery (8) and to demonstrate the posterior part of the peritoneal cavity to the left of the mesentery. Exploration of peritoneal cavity. Mesentery viewed from left side; root of mesentery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.004.L.jpg The small intestine and its mesentery have been retracted to the right. The transverse colon has been elevated. The peritoneum has been removed from a large area to the left of the root of the mesentery and also from the area close to the splenic flexure of the colon. Lymphatic structures located along the course of branches of the inferior mesenteric artery have been preserved wherever possible. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes and vessels, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.002.L.jpg Peritoneum has been removed from the right side of the mesentery and from the lower surface of the transverse mesocolon. The view is a close-up of the specimen shown in the previous photograph. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Superior mesenteric and middle colic lymph nodes and vessels, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.003.L.jpg The view is a close-up of the lower part of the specimen shown in 141-1. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Ileocolic and right colic lymph nodes and vessels, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.007.L.jpg The part of the greater omentum which forms the gastrosplenic ligament has been dissected to display lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels which are associated with branches of the left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries. A view of the blood vessels and nerves in this region after the lymphatic tissue has been removed is shown in 142-2. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Lymph nodes and vessels of greater curvature of stomach and hilus of spleen, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.001.L.jpg The jejunum and ileum have been retracted to the left. The transverse colon has been elevated. The peritoneum which covered the right side of the mesentery has been removed to expose the underlying lymphatic structures. Similarly, the peritoneum which extends laterally to the ascending colon as well as the inferior peritoneal layer of the transverse mesocolon have been dissected. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Superior mesenteric lymph nodes and vessels, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.005.L.jpg Lymphatics which are related to branches of the left gastric artery are visible in this close-up view of the cardiac part of the stomach. Some filaments of the left gastric plexus of nerves and of the anterior vagal trunk (4) are intermingled with the lymphatic vessels. Blood vessels and nerves in this area are shown in more detail in view 142-1, after the removal of the lymphatic tissue. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Lymph nodes and vessels of lesser omentum and cardioesophagal junction https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=140-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0140.006.L.jpg Lymph nodes and vessels have been dissected along the course of the right gastroepiploic artery (15) and are also shown in relation to the hepatic and right gastric arteries. Nerve filaments which are visible in the dissection are more adequately displayed in view 142-1. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Lymph nodes and vessels of pyloric region, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.001.L.jpg The left lobe of the liver has been cut in a saggital plane parallel to the falciform ligament. The interior of the lobe has been dissected to display branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic duct and portal vein ensheathed in a common layer of fibrous tissue (6). These structures comprise the portal triad and occupy an interolobular position. Tributaries of one of the hepatic veins (1), centrally located with respect to the lobules, also may be traced in the dissection. These converge toward the vena cava and are better seen in later stages of the dissection. The extension of the lesser omentum (20) into the depths of the fissure of the ligamentum venosum is illustrated. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of left lobe of liver, viewed from left https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.002.L.jpg The dissection of the liver has been extended into the right lobe. The fissural surface of the caudate lobe has been exposed by removal of the gastrohepatic part of the lesser omentum which extended into the fissure for the ligamentum venosum to fuse with the ligamentum venosum (3). The view is directed across the stomach from the left side. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum; caudate lobe and superior recess of omental bursa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.006.L.jpg Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Posterosuperior aspect of liver https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.007.L.jpg An area of scarring between the peritoneal reflection onto the inferior vena cava (20) and that onto the lesser omentum (8) has obliterated the peritoneal surface which normally intervenes between these reflections and which forms one boundary on the epiploic foramen. In the label drawing, this scar is not indicated and, instead, the normal peritoneal relations are shown. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Posteroinferior aspect of liver https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.004.L.jpg The sigmoid colon has been cut across at the point where it descends into the pelvic cavity. The peritoneal layers of its mesentery (21) have been separated to expose lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels and arteries as they approach the sigmoid colon. The superior rectal artery and vein (14,19) pass downward into the pelvis behind the sigmoid mesocolon. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Lymphatic structures, blood vessels and nerves of lower part of sigmoid colon, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.005.L.jpg The specimen was fixed in situ. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Anterior aspect of liver https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.005.L.jpg The stomach has been retracted upward to show the gastroduodenal artery which passes downward behind the pylorus. Pyloric branches of this artery (4) have been dissected. The course of the superior mesenteric vein and artery in relation to the head and uncinate process of the pancreas has been displayed. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Relations of mesenteric vessels to head of pancreas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.006.L.jpg The stomach has been removed by dividing the esophagus (17) above the cardia and by severing the duodenum (7) close to the pylorus. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. General view of organs in situ, stomach opened https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.003.L.jpg The ligamentum teres (18) has been pulled toward the left to reveal the structures which enter the liver through the porta hepatis. The hepatic artery (23) and the portal vein (8) have been dissected as they pass into the liver through the porta hepatis. The extensive hepatic plexus (7, 17) which accompanies the hepatic and accessory hepatic arteries has been preserved. The common bile duct (12) can be traced upward along the right margin of the dissected lesser omentum into the liver. The right and left hepatic ducts (6), and the cystic duct (9) have been exposed. Additional dissections of the biliary tract are shown in views 146-4, 146-6 and 146-7. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of porta hepatis; cystic duct and cystic artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.004.L.jpg The stomach has been elevated and pulled toward the right. The peritoneum has been removed from the omental bursa except in the area of the vestibule (4) to expose the left gastric artery (2) and splenic vessels (14,16) and structures associated with them. Peritoneum and connective tissue have been stripped from the pancreas. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. General view of organs in situ, stomach elevated https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.005.L.jpg Glandular tissue of the head and part of the body of the pancreas has been removed. Openings have been cut in the bile ducts, gall bladder and main pancreatic duct. Blood vessels to the anterior and posterior aspects of the duodenum have been preserved. The biliary ducts are shown in earlier stages of dissection in views 145-3 and 146-4 Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of pancreas (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.006.L.jpg The eye has been sectioned in a parasagittal plane and the optic sheath partially resected. The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve(17) has been preserved. Other nerves which enter the orbit have been transected. The left internal carotid artery is visible withing the cavernous sinus. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Eye sectioned vertically, optic nerve and papilla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.006.L.jpg Glandular tissue of the head and part of the body of the pancreas has been removed. Openings have been cut in the bile ducts, gall bladder and main pancreatic duct. Blood vessels to the anterior and posterior aspects of the duodenum have been preserved. The biliary ducts are shown in earlier stages of dissection in views 145-3 and 146-4 Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Interior of gall bladder, bile ducts and pancreatic duct https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.005.L.jpg The eye has been sectioned in a sagittal plane and the sheath of the optic nerve cut away. The optic nerve (7) and the opthalmic artery(10) are visible passing through the optic canal which has been opened by removal of the anterior clinoid process. The sphenoid sinus extended into this process and has been cut open inferior to the opthalmic artery. The dissection of areas in the lower part of the view is shown in detail elsewhere. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. General view of orbit, eye and optic pathway to lateral geniculate body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.003.L.jpg The accessory pancreatic duct (5) can be traced from its communication with the main pancreatic duct (4) laterally to its point of penetration of the duodenal wall. A major part of the head of the pancreas is drained by the accessory duct, although branches of the main duct are seen to reach the uncinate process and more posterior areas of the head. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of pancreas (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.004.L.jpg The superior rectus muscle has been cut from its origin and elevated. More of the annular tendon has been resected and the frontal and trochlear nerves have been severed. The inferior oblique muscle has been cut and turned inferiorly to show its nerve and arterial supply. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Eye and sheath of optic nerve; ophthalmic artery and ciliary ganglion https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.004.L.jpg Some of the blood vessels which were shown in the preceding dissection have been cleared away. The gastroduodenal artery (5) has been retracted to expose the area in which the common bile duct, the pancreatic duct and the accessory pancreatic duct approach and enter the wall of the descending part of the duodenum. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of pancreas (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.003.L.jpg The muscles have been elevated. Branches of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve(16) enter the superior rectus muscle. Branches of the nerve also pass through the muscle or along its medial border to reach the inferior surface of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle(12). Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Nerve supply to a superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.001.L.jpg The pancreas has been deflected downward slightly and superior parts of the duodenum (13) has been pulled outward and downward. Massed fibres of the celiac plexus surround the origins of the hepatic, left gastric and splenic arteries and thus obscure the celiac trunk (25). Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Relations along superior border of pancreas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.002.L.jpg The head, body and tail of the pancreas have been dissected to expose the main and accessory pancreatic ducts and the vascular supply. Details of this dissection are presented in the close-up views which follow. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of pancreas; general view of ducts and vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=145-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0145.007.L.jpg The inferior mesenteric vein and artery (4,17) and the uncinate process of the pancreas (21) have been lifted to display a part of the vascular supply to the head of the pancreas. Several arterial arches are visible which provide anastomoses between the gastroduodenal artery and branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Uncinate process of pancreas elevated; pancreatic arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.005.L.jpg The muscles have been elevated and stretched. Insertion of extraocular muscles. Left eye, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.004.L.jpg The optic nerve and its sheath has been cut across close to the optic foramen. The annular tendon (8) is fused medially and superiorly with the sheath. It is separated from the sheath inferiorly and laterally to form the oculomotor foramen for the entry of the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic nerve (17), the oculomotor nerve (11,17,23,24) and the abducens nerve (19) into the central part of the orbit from the superior orbital fissure. The opthalmic artery (18), in its passage through the optic canal an foramen, is embedded in the sheath of the optic nerve. The superior ophthalmic vein has been removed. Apex of orbit. Sheath of optic nerve, annular tendon, oculomotor foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.002.L.jpg The radiopaque contrast medium has been injected into the main pancreatic duct (8) in a living subject through a catheter which was passed into the duct at the duodenal papilla. The injection mass also filled the accessory duct (1) and passed out in the duodenum through the opening of this duct. (This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. H. Doubilet of New York University.) Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Radiograph of pancreatic ducts https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.003.L.jpg The orbit has been sectioned in a frontal plane posterior to the eye. Fat, areolar connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels have been removed to demonstrate the fascia covering the extraordinary muscles and the eye. The fascia of the rectus muscles is thin posteriorly but becomes thick as the muscles approach the eye. It blends with the fascia of the bulb (Tenon's capsule) and, in addition, forms weblike folds (1) which extend between neighboring rectus muscles. The suspensory ligament of the eye has been described with the previous view. Apex of orbit. Relations of nerves, arteries and extraocular muscles, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.002.L.jpg The orbit has been sectioned in a frontal plane posterior to the eye. Fat, areolar connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels have been removed to demonstrate the fascia covering the extraordinary muscles and the eye. The fascia of the rectus muscles is thin posteriorly but becomes thick as the muscles approach the eye. It blends with the fascia of the bulb (Tenon's capsule) and, in addition, forms weblike folds (1) which extend between neighboring rectus muscles. The suspensory ligament of the eye has been described with the previous view. Orbital fascia. Fascia related to left eyeball, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=146-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0146.007.L.jpg This close-up view of the dissection shown previously demonstrates the interior of the biliary tract in more detail. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Interior of gall bladder, bile ducts, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.001.L.jpg The eyelids have been removed, and the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying bulbar fascia have been cut away except for narrow bands (16). The fascia surrounding the extraocular muscles has been cleared of areolar connective tissue and cut away in places to expose the tendons of the rectus muscles and the belly of the inferior oblique muscle. This fascia is attached to the walls of the orbit to form the medial (5) and lateral (18) check ligaments. The part of the fascia which passes beneath the eye and merges with the check ligaments is the suspensory ligament of the eye (Lockwood). Orbital fascia. Fascia related to left eyeball, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.001.L.jpg The gall bladder has been visualized radiographically by the accumulation within its lumen of radiopaque iodine which is normally excreted in the bile after the intravenous injection of the material. (This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin Stevens of the Palo Alto Clinic.) Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Gall bladder, normal cholangiogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=56-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0056.007.L.jpg The eye and optic nerves have been removed to display the medial rectus muscle, the superior oblique muscle and its trochlea, as well as related blood vessels and nerves. The lacrimal canaliculi(8) are cut across at the point at which they penetrate the lacrimal fascia. Short ends of muscle fibres (9) indicate the attachment of the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle (Horner's muscle). The attachment of the medial check ligament (7) to the posterior lacrimal crest is shown, although the relation of this fascial band to the medial rectus muscle has been disturbed. Dissection of left orbit from a lateral approach. Structures related to medial orbital wall; nerve supply to medial and inferior rectus muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.007.L.jpg In an earlier sequence of views (140-4 ff.) the lymphatic structures related to the stomach have been shown. In this and the following views, lymphatic vessels and nodes have been removed as necessary to display blood vessels and nerves which reach the stomach. Dissection of stomach. Blood vessels and nerves of stomach, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.001.L.jpg The omental bursa, that portion of the peritoneal cavity which lies posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach, has been opened by dissection of the lesser omentum. In the drawing, an arrow indicates the position of the epiploic foramen behind the hepatoduodenal ligament and suggests the continuity of the general peritoneal cavity with the omental bursa. The point of the arrow lies in the vestibule of the bursa from where the superior recess extends behind the caudate lobe of the liver. The bursa continues to the left across the body of the pancreas (21) toward the spleen but this part is obscured by the overlying stomach. Dissection of stomach. Blood vessels and nerves of lesser curvature of stomach, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.005.L.jpg The lymphatic structures in the region of the splenic flexure of the colon are shown in this close-up view of the specimen illustrated in 141-4. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Left colic and middle colic lymph nodes and vessels, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=141-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0141.006.L.jpg The lymphatic structures which lie along the course of the inferior mesenteric artery and its major branches are displayed in this close-up view of the lower part of the specimen shown in 141-4. The dissection of blood vessels and nerves in this area is illustrated in 144-2. Exploration of lymphatic structures of gastrointestinal tract. Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes and vessels, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.006.L.jpg The anterior half of the stomach has been cut away. Dissection of stomach. Interior of stomach, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.007.L.jpg The first part of the jejunum has been arranged in a loop with its mesentery dissected to illustrate the manner in which vessels and nerves approach the intestinal wall. The peritoneal layer which formed the left side of the mesentery has been preserved behind the dissected vessels. Lymphatic structures, which are illustrated in view 141-2, have been mostly removed. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of upper part of jejunum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.004.L.jpg The stomach has been rotated upward and to the right. The peritoneum which covered the posterior surface of the stomach has been removed to reveal the outer longitudinal layer of muscle. Dissection of stomach. External muscular layer of gastric wall, posterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.005.L.jpg The outer, longitudinal layer of muscle has been partially removed from the cardiac part and from the anterior surface of the stomach. The underlying circular layer (13) has also been partially cut away to expose the innermost, obliquely-placed layer (12). The latter is an incomplete layer which arches over the cardiac notch and spreads downward in the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach. Dissection of stomach. Deep muscular layers of gastric wall, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.002.L.jpg The greater omentum has been dissected. The stomach has been turned upward and to the right to expose its greater curvature and posterior surface. The inferior and splenic recesses of the omental bursa which lie behind the stomach have been widely opened. The limits of these recesses of the omental bursa have been partially obscured by the removal of peritoneum which covered the left gastric vessels (4) as the gastropancreatic fold, the short gastric articles (12), the splenic vessels (14), and the gastroepiploic vessels (5, 11, 17). Dissection of stomach. Blood vessels and nerves of greater curvature of stomach, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=142-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0142.003.L.jpg The peritoneum has been stripped from the anterior surface of the stomach to display the longitudinally arranged external layer of muscle. This layer is so compact in the region of the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pylorus that the direction of its component fibres cannot be easily discerned. Elsewhere, the muscle is formed into coarser fascicles which are clearly visible. The short, cut ends of arteries which protrude from the gastric wall may be identified by reference to the two preceding views. Dissection of stomach. External muscular layer of gastric wall, anterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.004.L.jpg The cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon have been opened from in front to reveal the ileocecal valve and the ostium of the appendix. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Interior of cecum; ileocecal valve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.005.L.jpg The colon has been elevated to form its usual position to demonstrate the distribution of blood vessels and nerves to its ascending, transverse and descending parts. The jejunum and ileum have been pulled downward. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of colon, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.002.L.jpg This view illustrates the lower part of the dissection which is shown in the preceding photograph (143-1). The peritoneum (14) which covered the left side of the mesentery remains intact. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of ileocecal junction, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.003.L.jpg The ileum and cecum have been elevated. The appendix (16), which is folded upon itself, lies approximately in the position in which it was first encountered in the specimen. The mesoappendix has been dissected. The dissection is viewed from the left side. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Appendicular and posterior cecal vessels, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.001.L.jpg The jejunum and ileum have been pulled toward the left of the specimen. The transverse colon has been elevated. Lymph nodes and vessels, which were shown in view 141-1, have been removed. The nerves which accompany branches of the superior mesenteric vessels have been preserved insofar as possible. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of ileum, cecum, ascending colon and transverse colon, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.003.L.jpg The intestine from the jejunum to the lower part of the sigmoid colon has been excised. The principal arteries which supplied this part of the intestinal tract have been preserved in situ. The lines of reflection of the peritoneum (11, 16, 21, 30) from the posterior wall to various parts of the intestine may be discerned in the view. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Superior and inferior mesenteric vessels, general view with intestine removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.001.L.jpg The jejunum and ileum have been pulled to the right. The sigmoid mesocolon has been dissected. Lymphatic structures in this area are illustrated in view 141-4 ff. and 144-4. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Inferior mesenteric vessels and nerves, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=144-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0144.002.L.jpg The lower part of the preceding dissection (144-1) is seen here in a close-up view. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of sigmoid colon, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.006.L.jpg The view is a close-up of the upper portion of the specimen shown in the preceding photograph (143-5). Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of right colic flexure and transverse colon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=143-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0143.007.L.jpg The jejunum has been pulled downward from the duodenojejunal flexure. The mesocolon has been dissected. Lymphatic structures which were previously shown (141-5) have now been resected. Dissection of jejunum, ileum and colon. Arteries, veins and nerves of left colic flexure, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.006.L.jpg The right kidney and its adipose capsule have been removed. The posterior layer of renal fascia has been partially retained. although its upper part has been resected to expose the lumbocostal arches of the diaphragm. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Diaphragm and lumbocostal arches on right side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.007.L.jpg The suprarenal gland has been cleaned of fascia to display vessels and nerves entering the substance of the gland. In addition to the usual arterial supply, the suprarenal is fed by arteries which pass through the fatty capsule of the kidney (24) and send branches into the suprarenal tissue along the renal surface of the gland. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Blood supply and nerves of left suprarenal gland, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.005.L.jpg The kidney has been turned medially to demonstrate the posterior part of the adipose capsule. The fibrous tissue of the adipose capsule fuses with structures in the renal hilum. The posterior lamina of the renal fascia and the transversalis fascia have been exposed in the lower part of the dissected area. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Posterior fascial relations of right kidney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.003.L.jpg The inferior vena cava (1) has been removed from the central field of the dissection. Vessels, nerves and ganglia related to the suprarenal glands have been exposed. A large communication (6) occurs between the coeliac plexus and the right phrenic nerve. The plexiform arrangement of nerves on the inferior surface of the diaphragm has also been displayed. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Blood supply and nerves of right suprarenal gland, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.004.L.jpg The internal capsule has been removed to demonstrate the head of the caudate nucleus and the external medullary lamina of the thalamus. The latter consists largely of fibers passing from the thalamic nuclei into the internal capsule. Note Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Caudate nucleus and lateral border of thalamus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.004.L.jpg Dissection of the renal parenchyma has exposed the latex-filled arteries and veins within the kidney. Smaller vessels have been trimmed away. The suprarenal cortex has been removed near the center of the gland to expose the brownish medullary tissue as well as to demonstrate the tributaries of the right suprarenal vein within the medulla. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Right kidney and suprarenal gland dissected, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.003.L.jpg The head of the caudate nucleus has been scraped away to reveal more clearly the fibers of the anterior limb of the internal capsule. These pass forward in discret bundles through the confluent parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen, the whole being named the "corpus striatum." Relations of the anterior commissure, anterior perforated substance and parolfactory area (now partly exposed by dissection) may also be seen. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Anterior limb of internal capsule, anterior commissure and parolfactory area https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.001.L.jpg The urinary tract in a living subject has been visualized by the excretion of radiopaque material which was injected intravenously. The peristalticc waves in the ureters are evident from the fact that the ureteral shadows differ in each of the two radiographic exposures which of necessity could not be made simultaneously. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Intravenous urogram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.002.L.jpg This view illustrates the general relations of the internal capsule to surface landmarks visible from the inferior aspect of the brain. The middle cerebral artery is extensively cut away. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. General view of cerebral peduncle and internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=150-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0150.002.L.jpg The suprarenal gland has been divested of its fascial covering. In this view the inferior vena cava has been retained to demonstrate the close relation which exists between it and the suprarenal gland. The right suprarenal vein is almost completely hidden in its passage forward toward the vena cava from the middle of the gland. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Right suprarenal gland with inferior vena cava in situ, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.001.L.jpg The entire lentiform nucleus has been resected to expose the lateral surface of the internal capsule together with two small arterial branches which originated from the anterior choroidal artery. Fibers of the cerebral peduncle which connected with the temporal lobe via the sublenticular part of the internal capsule are visible at 5. The main trunk of the middle cerebral artery is retracted laterally. The course of the recurrent branch (7) of the anterior cerebral artery can be followed to the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.006.L.jpg The brain is divided in the mid-sagittal plane to expose the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and midline structures of the brain stem and cerebellum. The third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle and central canal are exposed. In the telencephalon the actual, cut surfaces include the corpus callosum, rostral lamina, lamina terminalis, septum pellucidum, fornix and anterior commissure. In the diencephalon the structures divided are the optic chiasma, infundibulum and floor of the third ventricle, massa intermedia, tela chorioidea of the roof of the third ventricle, pineal body and the habenular and posterior commissures. The hypophysis has been removed. The basilar artery is intact, but its branches to the left are all divided. The distribution of the anterior cerebral artery to the hemisphere is shown. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Median sagittal section https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.007.L.jpg The perichondrium has been removed. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Right auricular cartilage, lateral surface https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.007.L.jpg This view is centered on the diencephalon and third ventricle. The ventricular surfaces are indicated in the drawing in stipple. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Close-up view of central area of mid-sagittal section https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.006.L.jpg The cartilage has been retracted anterolaterally after removal of its perichondrium. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Right auricular cartilage, medial surface https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.004.L.jpg The thalamus and internal capsule have been cut away to expose structures in the vicinity of the interventricular foramen (3). The choroid plexus seen in the central part of the lateral ventricle continues through the interventricular foramen into the roof of the third ventricle. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Interventricular foramen, column of fornix and mammillothalamic tract https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.005.L.jpg The posterior auricular muscle has been cut and the auricular cartilage retracted laterally. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Relation of right auricular cartilage to external auditory meatus; terminal branches of great auricular nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.005.L.jpg The structures opposing the thalamus across the transverse fissure are visible. The meninges within the fissure are undisturbed. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Transverse fissure exposed by further removal of thalamus and internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.007.L.jpg The major part of the thalamus has been removed and the lateral hypothalamic area exposed. The cerebral peduncle is further cut back in order to expose the substantia nigra. Lateral to the mammillary body a bundle of delicate fibers is seen as it courses longitudinally. These fibers constitute the medial forebrain bundle which arises in basal olfactory structures such as the anterior perforated substance and passes through the hypothalamic region into the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Mammillothalamic tract; medial forebrain bundle; substantia nigra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.006.L.jpg The caudate nucleus has been scraped away from the ependymal lining of the lateral ventricle which covers its upper and medial aspects. This membrane remains intact and the outlines of small uninjected veins may be traced within it. These are tributaries of the terminal vein. Between the position occupied by the caudate nucleus and the internal capsule is a ridge which consists of fibers of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus. The cavity of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is further exposed. The thalamus has been uncovered by scraping away its external medullary lamina. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Ependymal lining of lateral ventricle; lateral aspect of thalamus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=6-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0006.005.L.jpg Those fibers of the internal capsule have been removed which pass from the thalamic region to form the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus (see 6-6). The body and tail of the caudate nucleus have thus been brought into view lying above and medial to the course of the internal capsule. The massive radiation of fibers (9) from the posterior thalamic structures forms the bulk of the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule. Exploration of the brain from its basal aspect. Tail of the caudate nucleus and retrolenticular part of the internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.004.L.jpg The temporal bone has been cut away to expose the external auditory meatus (16), with its periosteal lining intact, and the articular cartilage which lines the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone (19). Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Relation of ear to temporomandibular joint, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.007.L.jpg The psoas major, quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles have been cut away close to their attachments. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Nerves, blood vessels, and muscle attachments in relation to lumbar spine, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.001.L.jpg The dura mater has been removed except in areas adjacent to blood vessels. Dark patches visible in the bone are caused by underlying air cells (11). Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Anterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.007.L.jpg The jugular foramen has been opened by cutting away its lateral wall. The internal jugular vein has been removed and its main tributaries, the sigmoid sinus (23) and the inferior petrosal sinus (12), cut off to expose the glossopharyngeal (13), vagus (24) and accessory (22) nerves which descend through the foramen. The dense fibrous tissue which surrounded these structures has been cleared away. The left cerebellar hemisphere has been partially removed. Contents of left jugular foramen. Superolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.005.L.jpg Attention is directed to the anterior aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle with its nerve supply in a different specimen than that shown in the preceding view. The inferior vena cava has been removed, the lower part of the abdominal aorta has been cut away, and the left psoas muscle has been cleared of its fascia and detached from its origin. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Quadratus lumborum muscle with nerves and blood supply, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.006.L.jpg The labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity has been cut away to show the relations of the facial nerve in its course through the facial canal. The geniculate ganglion has been exposed. The bone of the external auditory meatus has been ground away to reveal the extent of tympanic and tubal air cells along the floor (paries jugularis) of the tympanic cavity. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Left lateral semicircular canal; facial canal; stapedius muscle; tympanic and tubal air cells https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.006.L.jpg The left psoas major has been detached from its spinal origins and turned laterally . Nerves to the psoas , as well as the major parts of the lumbar plexus, have been exposed. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Psoas major muscle reflected; lumbar plexus and nerves to psoas major https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.005.L.jpg The malleus and incus have been removed and the lateral walls of the auditory tube opened to illustrate structures related to the medial wall (paries labyrinthica) of the tympanic cavity. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Medial wall of left tympanic cavity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.003.L.jpg Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Aortic plexus, superior hypogastric plexus, testicular plexuses; lymphatic structures along lower part of abdominal aorta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.004.L.jpg The tympanic membrane has been removed and more of the mastoid and petrous of the temporal bone resected. The facial nerve (17) and chorda tympani (7,16,18) have been exposed. The continuity of the tympanic antrum (14) with the mastoid air cells is visible. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Left tympanic cavity, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.004.L.jpg The inferior venacava have been divided just above its bifurcation into the common iliac veins, and its upper part has been removed from the dissection. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Nerves and lymphatic structures related to abdominal aorta (continued) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.003.L.jpg The anterior wall of the external auditory canal has been removed to reveal the tympanic membrane through which the manubrium of the malleus is visible. Due to the direction of view, however, the manubrium does not present the anterosuperior inclination customarily seen in otoscopic examination. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Left tympanic membrane, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.001.L.jpg A longitudinal cut has been made through the left kidney and the anterior segment of the organ has been removed. Anterior branches of renal vessels have been cut. The renal sinus has been cleared of connective tissue to expose the renal pelvis and vessels. Cortex has been removed from an area of the suprarenal gland to form a window which exposes the medulla of the gland within which lie the principal tributaries to the suprarenal vein. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Left kidney sectioned in situ; left suprarenal gland dissected, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.002.L.jpg The capsule of the temporomandibular articulation has been removed. The tympanic ring produces a noticeable bulge of the bone lateral to the petrotympanic fissure. The squamous part of the temporal bone has been cut away and the cerebral hemisphere removed. The brain stem is visible in the background. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Petrotympanic fissure; relation of cartilaginous part of left external auditory meatus to tympanic part of temporal bone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=151-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0151.002.L.jpg The plexus surrounding the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries has been split and retracted to the side to reveal the origins of these arteries from the aorta. The emergence of the aorta through the aortic haitus of the diaphragm is partly visible. The continuity of the celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal and aortic plexuses is apparent in this specimen. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Close-up view of celiac plexus, celiac ganglia, and origins of celiac and superior mesenteric arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=60-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0060.001.L.jpg The auricle has been cut away and the mastoid air cells opened. In this specimen pneumatization extended well above the petrosquamous fissure (12). Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Relation of left mastoid air cells to external auditory meatus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.003.L.jpg Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Tympanic cavity and labyrinth, superolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.002.L.jpg Part of the petrous portion of the temporal bone has been ground away to demonstrate the internal auditory meatus, cochlea, semicircular canals and tympanic cavity. The posterior semicircular canal is obscured by a thin layer of bone but this has been transilluminated to show its position (15). The superior semicircular canal lies within the vertical edge of bone at 14. Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Tympanic cavity and inner ear in relation to external ear, superolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.006.L.jpg It was possible to separate the renal fascia from the subperitoneal connective tissue in this specimen for a distance of several centimeters lateral to the border of the kidney. Near the lateral border of the kidney this layer splits (6) to pass in front of and behind the kidney. In addition, a fascial lamina (7, middle pointer) passes parallel to the surface of the kidney to interconnect the anterior and posterior layers of renal fascia. This lamina obscures the angular cleft between diverging fascial layers which would otherwise be apparent if the renal fascia were opened and its interior inspected following removal of the kidney. Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Fascial relations of right kidney, close-up anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.002.L.jpg The liver has been cut from its remaining attachment to the diaphragm and has been removed from the specimen. The course of the splenic artery is displayed. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Spleen and splenic artery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.003.L.jpg Dissection of eye. Ciliary body, ciliary zonule and lens of the left eye, horizontal section https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.003.L.jpg The branches of the cellac trunk have been cut off. The superior mesenteric artery has been severed and its stump has been elevated.The lower part of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (17) is visible in the central area of the dissection. Bundles of smooth muscle are discernible in this band which is attached to the right crus of the diaphragm above the aortic hiatus. This attachment is shown in view 151-2. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Suspensory muscle of duodenum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.002.L.jpg The plane of section extends through fovea centralis(12). The vitreous body remains within the eye. Delicate strands visible within its substance are remnants of the hyaloid membrane. The lace-like appearance of the periphery of the retina is the result of microcystoid degeneration of the retina Dissection of eye. Horizontal section of left eye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.007.L.jpg The parts of the liver which lie anterior and to the left of the inferior vena cava have been cut away to expose the vena cava (3) as it approaches the diaphragm and is joined by the right and left hepatic veins. The liver has been pulled somewhat to the right. The segment of the vena cava which lay behind the epiploic foramen is indicated by the band of peritoneum(9) which has been left intact across the vessel. Immediately above this area, as vena cava approaches the liver, a sizable hepatic vein (6) enters the vena cava from the lower part of the right hepatic lobe. Other smaller hepatic tributaries to the vena cava have been cut off at higher levels. The celiac artery is obscured by parts of the plexus of nerves which surround it. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Relations of inferior vena cava and liver https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.001.L.jpg The eye has been cut across in a plane several millimeters posterior to its equator. The medial margins of the sclera lie in the center of the view with the anterior segment of the eye to the left. Dissection of eye. Interior of left eye cut in frontal plane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.001.L.jpg The liver and the portal vein have been removed. The source of the posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the superior mesenteric artery can be seen. Also the origin of the inferior pancreatic artery (6) from the middle colic is visible. The contiguoous celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses surround the aortic origins of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries and obscure them from view. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Celiac plexus; posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.007.L.jpg The sclera and cornea have been cut away on the medial side of a right eye to display the anterior chamber (7), iris(6), ciliary body(10) and outer surface of the choroid. Although none of the vessels has been injected, the branches of the superior and inferior medial vorticose veins (13,18) are clearly visible. The long posterior ciliary artery (17) was cut across in the resection of the sclera but its course can be traced nearly to the ciliary body. The distribution of the short posterior ciliary arteries is represented by the vessel at 14. Dissection of eye. Vascular tunic of right eye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.005.L.jpg The common bile duct (1) and the pancreatic duct (10) open separately at the duodenal papilla in this specimen. There is, therefore, no hepatopancreatic ampulla. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of duodenum (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=57-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0057.006.L.jpg The fascia has been removed from the muscles and the eye, and the muscles retracted and stretched. Insertion of extraocular muscles. Left eye, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.006.L.jpg The major tributaries to the portal vein have been brought into view by removing the pancreas. The distal parts of such branches as the left gastric, the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric veins have been shown in previous views in this sequence of dissections. The inferior mesenteric veins opens into the superior mesenteric instead of the more common arrangement which it drains into the splenic vein. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Portal vein and major tributaries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.003.L.jpg The descending part of the duodenum has been opened along its convex border and its anterior wall has been elevated. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of duodenum; interior of pars descendens; duodenal papillae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=147-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0147.004.L.jpg The anterior duodenal wall has been removed from the area immediately adjacent to the major duodenal papilla in such a way that the approaching bile and pancreatic ducts may be seen in relation to the papilla. The continuity of longitudinal muscle from the duodenal wall onto the bile duct has been preserved although the muscle fibres (6) have been cut off short of their upper limit to display the interior of the bile duct. Exploration of liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum and spleen. Dissection of duodenum (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.001.a.L.jpg This micrograph was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. H.H. Pattee and Dr. L.K. Garron who prepared and radiographed the specimen. Reference to be made to their article entitled "Stereomicroradiography of the limbal region of human eye" in X-Ray Microscopy and Microradiography, Academic Press, 1957. Thorotrast was injected into the canal of Schlemm (1) under low pressure. The thorium filled the canal and passed into the vascular network of the sclera (2) and the superficial vascular network of the corne al margin. The specimen was frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized prior to radiography. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Microradiography of limbic region of eye, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.007.L.jpg The lens has been removed to expose the iris and pupil. Remains of the vitreous body are visible at the periphery of the view (posterior to the ora serrata). The delicate hyloid membrane (8) is visible as a thin layer which covers the outer margin of the corona ciliaris but has been cut away medially. The cut edge is indicated by a white line in the drawing and the membrane is drawn only in a small area at the right (9). Dissection of eye. Ciliary body and iris, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.006.L.jpg Remnants of the vitreous body appear in the periphery of the view as transparent gelatinous masses. The iris has been removed and the specimen transilluminated. Dissection of eye. Ciliary body, ciliary zonule and lens, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.004.L.jpg Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. General view of posterior part of abdominal cavity with digestive organs and spleen removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.005.L.jpg The cornea and anterior part of the sclera have been cut away and the iris reflected to display the anterior surface of the lens (3) and the zonular fibers (5) which attach to the anterior and posterior surface of the lens at its lateral margin. The pectinate ligament is visible along the lower margin of the iris (10). The specimen is transilluminated. Dissection of eye. Iris, lens and ciliary zonule, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.005.L.jpg On the right side the peritoneum (2) which lay above and to the right of the ascending colon has been elevated. The layer of renal fascia (1) which covered the anterior aspect of the right kidney has been cut and the central area of this fascia (between pointers in drawing) has been removed. The fascia has been elevated away from the kidney. On the left side there was no peritoneum directly overlying the renal fascia. The anterior layer of renal fascia has been cut and elevated to reveal the underlying fatty capsule of the kidney. Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Renal fascia, general anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.004.L.jpg The eyelids have been widely opened. Dissection of eye. Right cornea, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.002.L.jpg The principal divisions of the lateral ventricle are seen in this view in which all vestiges of the caudate nucleus have been taken away. The choroidal arteries seen passing through the choroidal fissure are branches of both the middle and posterior cerebral arteries. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Lateral ventricle, stria terminalis and internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.003.L.jpg The lateral geniculate body, sublenticular part of the internal capsule and the optic tract have been cut away to reveal the course of the choroidal vessels. The choroid plexus has been dissected away in order to expose the vessels. The fornix has been exposed further by cutting away parts of the pulvinar and posterior thalamic radiation. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Relations of inferior horn of lateral ventricle; choroidal arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.006.L.jpg The renal artery has been injected with Thorotrast. The injection mass has penetrated into the smallest interlobular arteries (3). The smaller divisions of the vessels have been indicated in the drawing only in one area to avoid confusion. Major arterial branches drawn in heavy lines lie in the foreground in the view (anterior) while those indicated in thin lines lie posteriorly. The first branch of the renal artery is a polar artery which penetrates directly into the kidney cortex without passing through the hilar region of the kidney. The artery which accompanies the ureter (9) arises from one of the posterior branches of the renal artery. Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Angiogram of right kidney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.007.a.L.jpg In this specimen, selected from a series of brain dissections included in Section I of the Atlas, the brain is photographed from its inferior aspect. The anterior part of the right temporal lobe has been removed so that the middle cerebral artery (6), the anterior choroidal artery (18), the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle (10), and the optic tract (19) life exposed. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Relations of optic pathways at base of brain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.007.L.jpg The right kidney has been dissected from its anterior surface to demonstrate the distribution of renal blood vessels. The left kidney has been sectioned longitudinally to display the vessels and the renal pelvis with its major and minor calyces. The central area of each suprarenal gland has been resected to expose the tributaries of the suprarenal veins. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Kidneys and suprarenal glands dissected in situ, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.006.a.L.jpg The vessels shown in the preceding view have been trimmed away and the left half of the optic chiasm has been removed to reveal the infundibulum of the hypophysis (15) extending downward through the opening in the diaphragm of the sella turcica (3). The recesses of the third ventricle that are closely related to the optic chiasm are indicated at 14 and 16. The tentorium has been cut and reflected to reveal the course of the trochlear nerve as it passes anteriorly around the mesencephalon. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Relations of optic pathways at base of brain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.004.L.jpg Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Posterior aspects of left kidney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.005.a.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding photograph has been reoriented for this view so that the left orbit extends above and to the left of the area included in the photograph. The brain stem has been cut across through the rostral part of the mesencephalon. The left optic tract has been removed and the optic chiasm has been lifted slightly out of its normal position. The components of the arterial circle of Willis that are related to the optic pathways (i.e., internal carotid artery (6), anterior cerebral artery (5), anterior communicating artery (between 5 and 19, unlabeled), posterior communicating artery (8) and posterior cerebral artery (11)) remain in position. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Relations of optic pathways at base of brain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.005.L.jpg Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Longitudinal section of left kidney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.004.a.L.jpg In this specimen the left hemisphere has been removed and the upper part of the brain stem has been cut through in such a way that parts of the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus and the internal capsule have been preserved in relation to the optic pathways. The anterior cerebral arteries and the anterior communicating artery are shown in situ. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Relations of optic pathways at base of brain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.002.L.jpg The anterior layer of renal fascia has been removed. The ureters (14, 30) and testicular vessels (10,29) have been exposed. Fascia has been removed from the inferior vena cava, the renal veins, the kidneys (fatty capsule) and the suprarenals. Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes related to the aorta have been preserved. The major autonomic plexuses near the aorta have been retained. Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands in situ, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.003.a.L.jpg The cerebral hemispheres have been entirely removed from the specimen shown in the previous view. The optic nerves have been divided anterior to the chiasm. The brain stem has been transected slightly above the level of the tentorial notch. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Optic nerves, interpedicular cistern, brain stem and tentorium cerebelli, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.003.L.jpg Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Anterior aspects of left kidney https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=58A-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0058.002.a.L.jpg The visual pathways have been exposed bilaterally from the eyes to the calcarine cortex. The brain stem has been transected horizontally at the level of the optic tracts. The cerebral hemispheres have been dissected somewhat differently on the two sides. The optic radiation (10) has been preserved on the left side but has been divided on the right to expose the underlying inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. Within the right orbit the sheath of the optic nerve has been opened to expose the optic nerve. The sheath remains intact in the left orbit. Microradiograph of eye; central optic pathways and related structures. Optic pathways dissected in situ, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=148-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0148.007.L.jpg A close-up view of the upper area of the specimen shown in the preceding view displays the relation of the right suprarenal gland (10) to the inferior vena cava. The renal fascia (5) continues upward to enclose the gland. Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Right suprarenal gland in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=149-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0149.001.L.jpg The anterior part of renal fascia (15) has been cut transversely and reflected away from the left kidney. The continuity of this layer with the posterior layer of renal fascia (20) id demonstrated near the deepest point of incision (19) where a triangular fascial junction can be discerned similar to that shown previously on the right side. The lateral continuation of the renal fascia into subperitoneal connective tissue is also evident (17). Below the kidney a fascial septum (24) which extended posteriorly from the renal fascia has been cut in order to reflect the latter. Kidneys, suprarenal, glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Fascial relations of left kidney, close--up anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.004.L.jpg Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Superficial structures of right auricle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.003.L.jpg The skin has been removed from the auricle to demonstrate the subcutaneous vessels and nerves. The perichondrium remains intact. Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Superficial structures of right auricle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=15-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0015.001.L.jpg The caudate nucleus has been completely removed by scraping it away from its ependymal covering which lines the lateral ventricle. Fibers of the radiation of the rostral lamina of the corpus callosum (3) bound the lower medial part of the head of the caudate nucleus and are now exposed. Exploration of the brain from its lateral aspect. Ependymal lining of lateral ventricle after removal of caudate nucleus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.002.L.jpg Dissection of ear from lateral aspect. Surface of right auricle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=59-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0059.001.L.jpg The view, which was made with a retinal camera, shows the fundus of the left eye of a young man in light complexion. Retinal arteries appear narrow and paler than corresponding veins and have a longitudinal light streak not found in the veins. (This photograph was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Homer Brugge.) Fundus of left eye. Optic papilla, central retinary artery and vein, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.002.L.jpg The internal pterygoid muscle has been removed and most of the lateral lamina of the pterygoid process cut away. A plexus of small veins covers the lateral surface of the tensor veli palatini muscle. The internal maxillary artery has been resected except for its terminal branches, and the digastric and stylohyoid muscles have been removed. Bone of the palate and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa has been cut away. The external carotid artery (27) has been retracted laterally so that the plexus of nerves which extends along the artery from the superior cervical ganglion is visible. The ganglion itself remains covered. The external maxillary artery has been transected just beyond its ascending palatine branch (22). No tonsillar artery was present and in this case was probably replaced by the ascending palatine artery. Dissection of pharynx from left lateral approach. Wall of pharynx, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.001.L.jpg In an earlier dissection (65-6) a small branch appeared which passed from the lingual nerve into the internal pterygoid muscle. The major nerve supply (10) to this muscle has now been exposed. Bone has been cut away to show the semilunar ganglion and the mandibular nerve as it passes through the foramen ovale (13). Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Nerve supply to internal pterygoid muscle; mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.007.L.jpg The inferior cavity of the temporomandibular joint has been fully exposed by removal of mandible. The joint cavity on the inferior surface of the articular disk is indicated by stipple in the drawing (3) but is not clearly visible in the view. It is not coextensive with the superior joint space which overlaps the lower cavity anteriorly but does not descend as far as posterior to the condyle of the mandible. The relation of the masseteric nerve (4) to the joint capsule is shown. Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Cavity of temporomandibular articulation, inferolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.006.L.jpg The pterygoid plexus of veins and origins of the external pterygoid muscle have been removed, and the bony wall of the cranial vault resected. Branches of the mandibular nerve have been exposed in their course through the infratemporal fossa. The maxillary nerve (1) is visible as it passes through the foramen rotundum into the pterygopalatine fossa. Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Internal pterygoid muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.005.L.jpg The external pterygoid muscle has been removed except for short remnants of its origins (4,13). The mandible has been removed although its articular disk has been retained. Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Internal maxillary artery and plexus of nerves; deep part of pterygoid plexus of veins, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.004.L.jpg The superior fascicle of the external pterygoid muscle has been divided at its origin and lifted to expose the nerve supply to both parts of the muscle. The temporomandibular joint has been opened and the head of the mandible pulled inferiorly to expose the articular disk. The bony walls of the orbit and middle cranial fossa have been resected. More of the mandible has been removed. The mylohyoid branch (36) of the inferior alveolar nerve is shown in relation to the lingula (17) of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament. Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Nerve supply to external pterygoid muscle; temporomandibular articulation, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.003.L.jpg The pterygoid plexus of veins has been resected. Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. External pterygoid muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.002.L.jpg Most of the temporal muscle has been cut away but short strands in the area of its origin (14) and a remnant of its tendon of insertion (13) remain. In addition, the ramus of the mandible has been partially cut away to reveal the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve as well as the pterygoid plexus of veins. Dissection of left infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Blood vessels and nerves related to external pterygoid muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=65-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0065.001.L.jpg The temporal muscle (1) has been reflected anteriorly. Its tendon of insertion (7) remains in situ, although the coronoid process to which it attached has been cut away (20). Dissection of left temporal region. Posterior deep temporal nerve and artery; capsule of temporomandibular joint, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.007.L.jpg More of the zygomatic arch has been cut away. The temporal muscle (19) has been detached from its extensive origin (11) and reflected laterally. Dissection of left temporal region. Distribution of nerves and blood vessels to temporal muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.006.L.jpg The coronoid process of the mandible (17) has been cut away. The temporal muscle has been detached from its origin and reflected posterolaterally. Fat within the anterior part of the temporal fossa has been removed. The buccal fat pad seen previously was continuous with this fat. Dissection of left temporal region. Anterior deep temporal artery, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.006.L.jpg The fascia has been cut away from the structures to the left of the midline. Dissection of submental region. Relations of digastric and mylohyoid muscles, submaxillary gland and hyoid bone, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.005.L.jpg The plane of this section is 6 mm. posterior to that of the section shown in the preceding view. The direction of view has been reversed for the present photograph so that the distal surface is illustrated in relation to the remainder of the foot. In the remaining sections of this series the distal surfaces are shown. Cross sections of right foot. Section of foot through distal ends of metatarsals, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.005.L.jpg The skin and tela subcutaneous have been removed and the left platysma cut away. The fascia which covered the left submaxillary gland and anterior belly of the digastric muscle has been removed. The exterior layer of deep cervical fascia has been retained over the infrahyoid muscles. Dissection of submental region. Platysma; transverse mental muscle; digastric muscle and submaxillary gland, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.004.L.jpg The quadratus labii inferioris, the inferior part of the orbicularis oris and part of the mental muscle have been removed. Left infraorbital, labial and buccal regions. Mental nerve; marginal mandibular branches of facial nerve; labial glands, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.003.L.jpg The quadratus labii superioris, zygomaticus, risorius and triangularis muscles have been resected. The labial arteries(3,18) have been exposed by removal of portions of the deeper muscle tissue. Left infraorbital, labial and buccal regions. Orbicularis oris muscle; labial arteries, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.002.L.jpg The quadratus labii superioris muscle has been almost completely removed and the periosteum has been scraped from exposed bony surfaces. Left infraorbital, labial and buccal regions. Branches of infraorbital nerve, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.001.L.jpg The talus has been removed from the specimen to reveal the articular surfaces of the calcaneus and the navicular bone together with the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (20). Joints of left ankle and foot. Subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints, opened and viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.002.L.jpg The intertarsal, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints have been opened by incising the ligaments and capsules of these joints. The adjoining bones have been pulled apart to demonstrate the internal configuration of the various cavities. Interosseous ligaments between the bases of the metatarsals (10), between the cuneiform bones (13), and between the lateral cuneiform and the cuboid bone (3) have also been divided. The interior of the tarsometatarsal joint of the first toe is also illustrated in view 202-4. Joints of left ankle and foot. Joints of foot opened and viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.006.L.jpg The joint capsules have been widely opened. All of the major ligaments of the ankle joint and subtalar joint have been kept intact for the purpose of this photograph. In the following views the bones have been separated by transection of the ligaments. Joints of left ankle and foot. Interior of ankle joint and subtalar joint in relation to deep ligaments, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.001.L.jpg The orbicularis oculi muscle has been reflected superiorly. The zygomatic head (16) of the quadratus labii superioris muscle has been cut off and its infraorbital head turned superomedially (5). The zygomatic muscle has been removed. The angular artery has been transected. Left infraorbital, labial and buccal regions. Relation of infraorbital plexus of nerves to quadratus labii superioris muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.007.L.jpg The tibia and fibula have been detached from the tarsal bones. The foot has been placed in a position of partial extension. Joints of left ankle and foot. Interior of ankle joint, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.007.L.jpg A portion of the quadratus labii superioris muscle has been reflected superiorly (12). Left infraorbital, labial and buccal regions. Nerves and muscles of upper lip https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.004.L.jpg The capsules of the ankle and subtalar (talocalcaneal)joints remain intact. In addition, a layer of fascia (5) has been retained posteriorly. This layer continued laterally into the superior peroneal retinaculum and blended medially into the flexor retinaculum. Joints of left ankle and foot. Ligaments of ankle and subtalar joints, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.006.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous connective tissue have been removed. Left infraorbital, labial and buccal regions. Superficial nerves, blood vessels and muscles, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.005.L.jpg The fascia posterior to the joints has been removed and the capsules have been partly opened to reveal parts of the talus and calcaneus within the joint cavities. Joints of left ankle and foot. Interior of ankle joint and subtalar joint in relation to ligaments, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.005.L.jpg The levator veli palatini muscle has been partially resected and the auditory tube opened. Dissection of pharynx from left lateral approach. Interior of auditory tube https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.002.L.jpg Joints of left ankle and foot. Ligaments of ankle and foot, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.004.L.jpg The tensor veli palatini muscle (8) has been reflected anteriorly to expose the levator veli palatini muscle (20) as well as the cartilaginous and membranous parts of the auditory tube(5,6). The bursa between the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle and the pterygoid hamulus is visible at 9. Dissection of pharynx from left lateral approach. Auditory tube; levator veli palatini muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=203-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0203.003.L.jpg The thin parts of the capsules of the ankles and mid-tarsal joints have been cut away to emphasize the position of the ligaments in relation to the bony and cartilaginous parts of these joints. Joints of left ankle and foot. Interior of ankle and mid-tarsal joints in relation to ligaments, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=66-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0066.003.L.jpg Veins and connective tissue have been removed to demonstrate the tensor veli palatini muscle with its nerve supply from the otic ganglion (19). The styloglossus muscle has been partially resected to expose the stylopharyngeus muscle. Dissection of pharynx from left lateral approach. Otic ganglion; tensor veli palatini muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.003.L.jpg The joints of the first two toes have been opened. Joints of left ankle and foot. Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.004.L.jpg The plane of section passes through the sesamoid bones of the first metatarsophalangeal joint medially and the head of the fifth metatarsal laterally. Cross sections of right foot. Section of distal part of foot, viewed from behind https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.001.L.jpg artery Malleus (posterior aspect) B. Incus (anterior aspect) C. Stapes (superior aspect) Ear ossicles. Right malleus, incus and stapes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.007.L.jpg Ear ossicles. Right ossicles articulated, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.005.L.jpg The semicircular canals have been cut away and the vestibule opened to show the footplate of the stapes (4) lying in the fenestra vestibuli. The facial nerve (7), together with branches of the stylomastoid artery and veins, is visible within the opened facial canal. The stapedius muscle and its nerve have been dissected and are illustrated to the drawing at 11. The muscle appears light in the view because of tendinous fibres on its surface. The tympanic branch (22) of the glossopharyngeal nerve (25) can be traced into the posterior part of the tympanic cavity. Dissection of left ear from posterior aspect. Relation of facial nerve and stapedius muscle to tympanic cavity and labyrinth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.004.L.jpg The relationship between the posterior semicircular canal, which was seen in the previous view, and other structures of the inner and middle ear is displayed. The superior semicircular canal is not directly visible but lies in the plane of the ridge of bone (16, upper pointer) which has been left in the dissected area. The tegmen tympani has been cut away to expose the ear ossicles within the tympanic cavity. Dissection of left ear from posterior aspect. Tympanic cavity and labyrinth, posterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.003.L.jpg Dissection of left ear from posterior aspect. Posterior semicircular canal; jugular foramen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.002.L.jpg The dura mater has been removed from the posterior surface of the temporal bone except along the venous sinuses. The endolymphatic sac was not identified although fibrous tissue which protrudes from the vestibular aqueduct (6) indicates the usual location of the sac. Dissection of left ear from posterior aspect. Posterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.001.L.jpg The facial nerve and canal have been cut away. The upper margin of the fenestra vestibuli has been removed so that the entire staples is visible. Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Cochlea; ear ossicles in situ, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.007.L.jpg Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Tympanic membrane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.006.L.jpg The lateral semicircular canal has been cut away and the vestibule widely opened. The facial canal has been opened and it course above the posterior part of the tympanic cavity shown. Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Relations of tympanic cavity, facial canal and vestibule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=61-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0061.005.L.jpg The sloping lateral wall of the tympanic cavity has been exposed. The anterior malleolar fold of mucous membrane has been removed to reveal the chorda tympani. The external auditory meatus has been opened and the condyle of the mandible exposed by cutting away the articular cartilage above it. Anteriorly, the floor of the middle cranial fossa has been removed to expose the internal carotid artery, auditory tube and otic ganglion. Dissection of left ear from superior aspect. Tympanic membrane and chorda tympani, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=62-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0062.006.L.jpg Ear ossicles. Right ossicles articulated, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.005.L.jpg A branch of the masseteric nerve (6) is visible as it passes into the unnamed layer of muscle (4) described previously (64-4). Fatty connective tissue has been removed from the space between this muscle and the tendon of the temporal muscle. Dissection of left temporal region. Tendon of temporal muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.004.L.jpg The zygomatic arch has been resected to reveal a separate layer of muscle (8) which arises from the inner surface of the arch and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible. This muscle fascicle is supplied by a branch of masseteric nerve (12). A delicate sheet of muscle fibres related to the temporal fascia covers the main mass of the temporal muscle and is supplied by a branch (6) of the anterior deep temporal nerve. Dissection of left temporal region. Temporal muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.003.L.jpg The temporal fascia (4), except at the borders of the temporal fossa, has been removed. The fascia consists of several distinct laminae with intervening fatty and vascular tissue above the zygomatic arch (at lower edge of view). These laminae blend as they pass up over the temporal muscle. Dissection of left temporal region. Deep relations of temporal fascia, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.002.L.jpg The anterior and superior auricular muscles have been cut away, and the galea aponeurotica and other parts of the frontal and occipital muscles also removed. The superficial temporal vessels and auriculotemporal nerve have been severed. Dissection of left temporal region. Temporal fascia, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=64-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0064.001.L.jpg The masseter muscle, coronoid process of the mandible and buccal fat pad has been removed so that the buccinator muscle and associated structures are visible. Dissection of left buccal region. Relations of buccinator muscle and nerve, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.007.L.jpg The masseter muscle has been cut away and the buccal fat pad (12) partially removed. Branches of the facial nerve (1,9) which entered the infraorbital plexus have been retracted upward. Other branches (18) which communicated with the buccinator nerve have been cut away. The insertions of canine and zygomatic muscles (6) have been elevated. The lumen of the parotid duct is visible as a small aperture on the cut end of the mass of connective and vascular tissue which surrounds the duct(15). Dissection of left buccal region. Buccinator muscle; buccal and molar glands; parotid duct; lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.006.L.jpg The left masseter muscle has been detached both from the origin and insertion, and reflected posteriorly. Branches of the masseteric nerve have been exposed by separation of fascicles of the muscle. Masseteric veins, and arteries are also visible within the depths of the muscle tissue. A layer of muscle (2), which arises from the deep surface of the zygomatic arch, is closely related to the deep part of the masseter muscle (15). This layer is usually described with the temporal muscle although it is supplied by the masseteric nerve. Dissection of left parotideomasseteric region. Distribution of nerves and blood vessels within masseter muscle, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.005.L.jpg The parotid duct (10) has been cut where it passes around the anterior margin of the masseter muscle. Terminal branches of the facial nerve have been severed and retracted anteriorly, and the parotid gland has been retracted posteriorly. The superficial (7) and deep (6) parts of the masseter muscle are clearly distinguishable at their origin from the zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch. Dissection of left parotideomasseteric region. Left masseter muscle, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.004.L.jpg The superficial lobe of the parotid gland has been entirely removed and the facial nerved raised slightly away from the deep hole of the gland. Dissection of left parotideomasseteric region. Deep relations of facial nerve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.003.L.jpg The superficial lobe of the parotid gland has been reflected posteriorly. The main parotid duct (of Stenson) is out of view anteriorly. Its two principal branches (6,7) drain various parts of the gland. The superior branch connects with the deep lobe (16), while the inferior branch ramifies within the superficial lobe and also receives a tributary from the deep lobe. The isthmus through which the inferior duct passes was necessarily cut away in reflecting the superficial part of the gland. Cut ends of the inferior duct are visible at 20. Dissection of left parotideomasseteric region. Facial nerve within parotid gland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=63-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0063.002.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous tissues have been removed and the parotideomasseteric fascia cut away. The orbicularis oculi muscle (2) has been reflected anteriorly from the temporal region and the risorius muscle reflected inferiorly in the masseteric region. Dissection of left parotideomasseteric region. Parotid gland and branches of facial nerve, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.002.L.jpg Elbow joint. Capsule and ligaments, anterior view of right elbow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.002.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.003.L.jpg Elbow joint. Capsule and ligaments, medial view of right elbow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.003.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.007.L.jpg The body of the fornix has been removed on each side to reveal the meninges within the transverse fissure. Choroidal branches of the posterior cerebral arteries lie within this fissure and supply branches to the choroid plexuses of the lateral and third ventricles. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Claustrum; choroidal arteries in transverse fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.007.L.jpg Osteology. Radiograph of sacrum, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.001.L.jpg Elbow joint. Relations of biceps and supinator muscles; bicipitoradial bursa, anterior view of right elbow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.001.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.005.L.jpg The central portion of the corpus callosum is now entirely removed to reveal the paired lateral ventricles separated by the septum pellucidum. The relations of the caudate nuclei, laminae affixae and crura and body of the fornix are discernible. The ependymal covering of the left caudate nucleus has been removed. On the right the ependyma is intact and just beneath it a number of uninjected veins are present. These are tributary to the vena terminalis. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Relations of the fornix, septum pellucida and lateral ventricles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.006.L.jpg The specimen is turned so that the direction of view is from the frontal pole. The position and relations of the interventricular foramina (of Monro) are demonstrated. Note Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Interventricular foramina viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.004.L.jpg Close-up view of the region of the hippocampal commisure which in this specimen consists of only a few fibers crossing between the hippocampi, posterior to the crura of the fornix. Some of the commissural fibers which are visible to the left of the midline cut belong to the corpus callosum and can be traced into the most medial part of the forceps major. The prominence formed by these fibers within the ventricle is named the bulbus cornu posterioris. To the right of the sagittal cut more callosal fibers have been removed to reveal the meninges and vessels underlying the splenium. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Hippocampal commissure, crura of fornix and transverse fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.006.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.004.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.005.L.jpg The configuration of the male pelvic outlet is shown in this view and should be compared with that of the female pelvis in 154-1. Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, posteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.002.L.jpg The radiations of the corpus callosum to the right hemisphere have been exposed by the removal of the gyrus cinguli (except its anterior portion seen cut transversely), the cingulum, a portion of the superior frontal gyrus and the precuneus. On the surface of the corpus callosum near the midline are seen delicate longitudinal bands, the medial and lateral longitudinal striae. The line of fusion of the cortex of the gyrus cinguli to the thin gray lamina (induseum griseum) covering the corpus callosum is seen at the medial edge of the lateral longitudinal stria (13). The classic figures of the "forceps major" (paired occipital radiations of the corpus callosum) and the "forceps minor" (paired frontal radiations of the corpus callosum) can be visualized in this specimen. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Corpus callosum, medial and lateral longitudinal striae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.002.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.003.L.jpg The right half of the corpus callosum has been partially torn away to reveal more completely the direction of its component fibers. The body of the lateral ventricle is opened in the area at 22. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Structure of corpus callosum and relation to corona radiata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.003.L.jpg The specimen is viewed from in front and slightly below in order that details of the obturator foramina may be seen. Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.007.L.jpg The arachnoid membrane of the posterior cranial fossa and upper part of the vertebral canal is exposed to the left of the midline. The left half of the occipital bone, including a part of the margin of the foramen magnum (22), has been cut away extensively. A large window has been cut in the dura mater covering the posterior cranial fossa and upper cervical spinal cord. As the dura passes through the foramen magnum its outer portion blends with the dense fibrous tissue of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (9). A plexus of veins is embedded in this fibrous tissue. The inner layer of dura is continuous with that which covers the spinal cord. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.007.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=10-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0010.001.L.jpg The right hemisphere has been cut horizontally just above the level of the body of the corpus callosum. The centrum semiovale is displayed and a number of important relationships of surface landmarks to deeper structures may be studied. Exploration of the brain from its superior aspect. Right centrum semiovale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=208-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0208.001.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae viewed from above https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.006.L.jpg On the right side the cingulum is now exposed in its curved course around the splenium. On the left the occipital radiation of the corpus callosum and the hippocampal structures are divided and portions removed to display the crus of the fornix, the pulvinar of the thalamus and branches of the posterior cerebral artery within the area. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Cingulum, fornix, pulvinar and choroidal arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.007.L.jpg A block of tissue including the cingulum and hippocampal structures has been removed on the right side to expose the right pulvinar. Vessels and meninges remain in their normal position within the transverse fissure thus opened. The splenium and gyri cinguli are cut away. The central parts of the lateral ventricles and the forward course of the fornix with the hippocampal commissure interconnecting its two crura are now seen. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Hippocampal commissures; meninges within transverse fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.004.L.jpg The lobulus centralis of the cerebellum has been cut away, without, however, disturbing the numerous branches of the superior cerebellar arteries which passed over its surface or within its sulci. Each lateral ventricle is cut open at the junction of its body, inferior horn and posterior horn. Note the oblique plane of section of the brain stem, passing through the brachia conjunctiva superiorly and the olive inferiorly. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Orientation view, cerebellum partly resected https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.005.L.jpg Branches of the superior cerebellar arteries have been cut away and only their main trunks have been left in the area of dissection. The great cerebral vein was removed to reveal its tributary internal cerebral veins and the underlying pineal body. The corpora quadrigemina are well exposed. Exploration of a brain cut in frontal section at the splenium of the corpus callosum. Anterior medullary velum, trochlear nerve, inferior and superior colliculi and pineal body https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.003.L.jpg The slight elevation produced by the superior quadrigeminal brachium (18), which extends between the lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus, is partially preserved along the lower margin of the dissection of the pulvinar. Some of the delicate fibers of this system can be seen in the view. Immediately above the superior quadrigeminal brachium, fibers (7) are exposed which pass medially toward the pretectal region. The lateral extent of these fibers could not be traced. The pulvinar and posterolateral nuclei of the thalamus are dissected to demonstrate the vast numbers of fibers passing laterally from these into the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule as the posterior stalk of the thalamus. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Superior quadrigeminal brachium and pulvinar (dissected) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.001.L.jpg More of the lateral geniculate body has been cut away and the optic tract divided and removed. Fibers of the geniculocalcarine tract (14) are seen as they extend outward from the geniculate body. This tract appears to pass rather directly laterally instead of looping forward as do the fibers of the temporothalamic fasciculus seen previously. The temporopontine tract (15) is seen to pass across from the temporal lobe to enter the most lateral portion of the cerebral peduncle. Fibers of the ansa lenticularis (16) are visible although the globus pallidus from which they originate is not yet in view. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Sublenticular part of internal capsule https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=21-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0021.002.L.jpg The temporopontine fibers of the internal capsule have now been cut away to reveal the gray matter of the lentiform nucleus directly above. The inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus is seen lateral to the nucleus. Exploration of those parts of the brain supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. Lentiform nucleus and inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.006.L.jpg The joint capsule and collateral ligaments have been cut. The radius and ulna have been pulled away from the humerus and flexed. Elbow joint. Articular cavity opened, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.006.L.jpg The head has been extended. As a result the superimposed shadow of the base of the skull has obscured the upper three cervical vertebrae. Structural details of the transverse processes and articular processes of the cervical vertebrae are indistinct because of the overlapping of multiple shadows. The cavities of the larynx and trachea are outlined by their content of air. The conus elasticus of the larynx is indicated at 5. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Radiograph of neck, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.007.L.jpg This film was made of an edentulous subject with the mouth opened widely to permit an unobstructed view of the upper cervical vertebrae. The film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Anteroposterior radiograph of dens and atlantoaxial joints https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.004.L.jpg A few fibres of the supinator muscle (5) have been preserved. The forearm has been partially pronated. Elbow joint. Capsule and ligaments, lateral view of right elbow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.004.L.jpg This specimen consists of three segments, the terminal one of which comprises two small terminal pieces fused together. Osteology. Coccyx, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=100-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/UD.B.0100.005.L.jpg Elbow joint. Capsule and ligaments, posterior view of right elbow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=209-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0209.005.L.jpg Osteology. Coccyx, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.001.L.jpg Roman numerals designate the individual vertebrae in order. Osteology. Articulated cervical vertebrae, anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.002.L.jpg Roman numerals designate the individual vertebrae in order. Osteology. Articulated cervical vertebrae, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.005.L.jpg The specimen, cut across just above the ankle joint, is viewed from below so that the side-to-side relations of the structures that have been followed through the preceding sections of the foot remain unchanged. Cross sections of right foot. Horizontal section of lower part of leg through tibiofibular syndesmosis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.006.L.jpg The plane of section passes through the calcaneus posteriorly and the shaft of the second metatarsal anteriorly, displaying the medial part of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Sagittal sections of right foot. Section through medial part of foot, viewed from lateral side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.003.L.jpg The plane of the cut is nearly vertical and is such that the anterior part of the ankle joint (2) is included in the section with the posterior part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint (17). The relation of the flexor tendons to the sustentaculum tali is illustrated. In the plane of section all of the long tendons are enclosed within synovial sheaths reinforced by fibrous sheaths. Cross sections of right foot. Section through sustentaculum tali and tarsal sinus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.004.L.jpg The plane of this section passes obliquely upward and forward from the heel to transect the dorsum of the foot through the anterior part of the trochlea of the talus. Cross sections of right foot. Oblique section through ankle joint and subtalar joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.004.L.jpg The lobules of the gland have been separated and some of them removed. The submaxillary duct has not been exposed. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Intrinsic nerves and blood vessels, inferolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.001.L.jpg The section passes through the posterior parts of the three cuneiform bones, the anterior part of the navicular and cuboid bones, and through the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal. The tendon of insertion of the tibialis posterior has been split into several fascicles (18) passing to the cuneiforms and to the base of the first metatarsal. The peroneus longus tendon (8) lies more laterally than in the previous section and is in an osteofibrous tunnel bounded below by the anterior continuation of the long plantar ligament (not labeled). Cross sections of right foot. Section through navicular, cuneiform and cuboid bones https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.003.L.jpg The submaxillary gland has been freed of its fascial capsule and pulled downward slightly to reveal vessels and lymphatic structures which lie between it and the body of the mandible. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Superior relations of submaxillary gland, inferolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.002.L.jpg Included in the section are portions of the head of the talus (16), the navicular bone (18), the calcaneus (5) and the cuboid bone (7). The spheroidal shape of the talonavicular joint is evident in the section as is the saddle-shape of the calcaneocuboid joint. Cross sections of right foot. Section through region of mid-tarsal joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.002.L.jpg The fascia has been partially removed from the structures inferior to the submaxillary gland and medial to the internal jugular vein. The fascia over the infrahyoid muscles has been cut away. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Relation of submaxillary gland to structures in carotid triangle, inferolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.006.L.jpg This section, cut 2 cm. posterior to the plane of the previous section, illustrates the layers of the muscle (19, 4, 14, 5) deep to the plantar aponeurosis (20) in the central part of the foot. The width of the fascial cleft located deep to the second layer of muscles (4) has been exaggerated by slight downward retraction of the layers superficial to it. Cross sections of right foot. Section through proximal parts of metatarsal shafts, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=68-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0068.001.L.jpg The sternocleidomastoid muscle has been retracted posteriorly and the parotid gland displaced anteriorly. Lymphatic vessels and nodes are closely related to the part of the carotid sheath which covers the internal jugular vein. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Facial relations, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=204-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0204.007.L.jpg The plane of section passes through the bases of all of the metatarsals and portions of the three cuneiform bones. Several interosseous ligaments (6, 8, 18) are visible. The potential fascial spaces between layers of muscle in the central compartment of the foot have been emphasized by pulling the muscles slightly apart from each other. Cross sections of right foot. Section of foot through tarsometatarsal joints, viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=67-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0067.007.L.jpg The left platysma (8) has been reflected anteriorly. The fascia which covered the sternocleidomastoid muscle (12) has been cut away but that which encases the submaxillary gland has been retained. Components of the extensive anastomosis between branches of the facial and cutaneous cervical nerves occupy much of the field. Dissection of left submaxillary (submandibular) gland and related structures. Branches of cervical plexus and facial nerve superficial to submaxillary gland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=205-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0205.007.L.jpg The plane of section traverses the fibula, the lateral parts of the talus and calcaneus, the cuboid bone and the fourth metatarsal. Sagittal sections of right foot. Section through lateral part of foot, viewed from lateral side https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.005.L.jpg On the right the calvaria and layers of the scalp are shown in relation to the dura. On the left the dura has been cut away to reveal the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum covered with the arachnoid membrane. The confluence of the sinuses (23) is shown. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Posterior view of cranial meninges https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.005.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated lumbar vertebrae, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.006.L.jpg Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Close-up view of layers of scalp, calvaria and dura mater in left posterior auricular region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.006.L.jpg Osteology. Representative thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.003.L.jpg The dura has been incised and turned medially to open a large venous lacuna, the margin of which can be seen on the under surface of the dura at 7. The blue latex which fills the lacuna has been cut away enough to reveal a number of arachnoid granulations (10) which protrude into the venous pool. Note that several cortical veins appear to open directly into the venous lacuna. The cut surface of parietal bone (6) is in the midplane of the head. The superior sagittal sinus, which is not visible here, lies within the dura close to this bone. The arachnoid membrane remains over the cerebral hemisphere. The subarachnoid spaces within the sulci are visible. Several branches of the anterior cerebral artery are seen. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Dura reflected; arachnoid granulations projecting into venous lacunae https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.004.L.jpg The dura mater has been cut away so that the left cerebral hemisphere is visible lying inside the arachnoid membrane. The tentorium appears in the lower right part of the view and the transverse sinus is opened along its posterior border. The superior sagittal sinus has been opened by removing a strip of dura from its superficial wall. The superior cerebral veins ascend on the surface of the frontal and parietal lobes to empty into this sinus at various points. A number of anastomoses are present between these veins, none being particularly large in this specimen. In general the superior cerebral veins are divided into anterior and posterior groups. In this case there appear to be several anterior vessels, a group of large veins intermediate in position (overlying the region of the central sulcus) and several posterior veins (not visible in this view). Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Dura removed, arachnoid membrane intact, cerebral veins and cortical arteries https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.004.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated lumbar vertebrae, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.001.L.jpg The dura has been uncovered by cutting away the scalp, left temporal muscle and calvaria to the midline. Posteriorly the calvaria has been completely removed. The transverse sinus (13) is opened and the cerebellum exposed below it. A cross section of the scalp and the bones of the cranium can be seen at the margins of the dissection. Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Lateral view of dura mater and meningeal vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=1-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0001.002.L.jpg Exploration of the meninges and brain in situ. Close-up view of layers of scalp, parietal bone, dura mater and arachnoid granulations https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.002.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated thoracic vertebrae, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.003.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated thoracic vertebrae, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.007.L.jpg Osteology. Axis, posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=207-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0207.001.L.jpg Osteology. Fifth cervical vertebra, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.005.L.jpg Osteology. Atlas, posteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.006.L.jpg Osteology. Axis, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.003.L.jpg Osteology. Occipital bone, external view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=206-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0206.004.L.jpg Osteology. Atlas, superior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0152.003.L.jpg Most of the diaphragm has been cut away. In the thorax the aorta, hemiazygos vein, sympathetic trunk and greater splanchnic nerve have been dissected, together with portions of the intercostal vessels. Below the diaphragm the dissection is similar to that shown in view 152-1. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves ana glands. Sympathetic trunk, greater splanchnic nerve and celiac ganglion with diaphragm resected, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.004.L.jpg The erector spinae and the transversospinal muscles have been cut away to permit dissection of the ligaments related to several of the costotransverse joints. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Ligaments of costotransverse articulations; dorsal rami of spinal nerves, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0152.004.L.jpg The diaphragm has been split to reflect the crura away from the midline. The aorta (1,14) has been divided opposite the upper part of the body of the tenth thoracic vertebra and again opposite the upper margin of the third lumbar vertebral body. Removal of the intervening part of the vessel has exposed the lower part of the thoracic duct (3). In this specimen there is no distinct cisterna chylli. Instead, several separate lymphatic vessels (10) derived from intestinal and lumbar trunks ascend behind the aorta and combine into a single thoracic duct at the level of intervertebral disk between the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and glands. Thoracic duct, abdominal and lower thoracic parts viewed from in front https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.005.L.jpg The erector spinae and multifidus muscles have been nearly completely excised from the lumbar region. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Rotator, interspinal and intertransverse muscles in lumbar region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0152.001.L.jpg This close-up view of the specimen shown in 151-7 is centered on the second and third lumbar vertebrae. Five distinct rami communicantes (11) pass forward across the body of the second lumbar vertebral and the disk below it to join the sympathetic trunk. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Nerves, blood vessels, and muscle attachments in relation to lumbar vertebrae, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.002.L.jpg The upper parts of the iliocostalis and longissimus have been cut away to expose the lower fascicles of these muscles as they pass deeply. The iliocostalis lumborum has strong insertions on the angles of the lower ribs. The longissimus spreads somewhat to insert into ribs, transverse processes, and accessory processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Deep dissection of iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus thoracic muscles; multifidus muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/LD.B.0152.002.L.jpg The pleural cavities have been opened by the extensive resection of ribs, and the lungs have been excised. The contents of the abdominal cavity have been removed. The diaphragm has been divested of peritoneum and fascia, and its costal origins have been trimmed off. Branches of the phrenic nerves (2, 6, 26) have been traced on the inferior aspect of the diaphragm. The inferior phrenic vessels have also been dissected. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal nerves and muscles. Nerves and blood vessels of diaphragm, viewed from below https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.003.L.jpg The transversospinal group of muscles includes the semispinalis, multifidus and rotator muscles that extend obliquely upward from transverse processes to spinous processes of higher vertebrae. The semispinalis muscles, in general spanning five to six vertebrae, are shown in views 213-6, 216-4 and 216-5. Parts of the semispinalis have been cut away in this dissection to expose the more deeply placed multifidus (11) and rotator (13,14) muscles. The former span three or four vertebrae whereas the latter muscles extend across only one or two vertebrae. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Multifidus and rotator muscles in mid-thoracic region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.007.L.jpg Details of the lower part of the specimen shown in view 213-5 are illustrated in this photograph. The lumbar part of the mulitfidus muscle (14) is large and has an extensive origin from the deep surface of the aponeurosis of the erector spinae muscle. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Components of erector spinae muscle in lower thoracic and lumbar regions https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.001.L.jpg The iliocostalis and longissimus muscles have been retracted laterally and dissected to demonstrate nerves and blood vessels entering the muscles. The multifidus (8) has been exposed in the sacral, lumbar and lower thoracic regions. It should be noted that this muscle is more massive in the lumbosacral region and that its fascicles become progressively more slender in the thoracic area. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Multifidus muscle in lumbar region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.005.L.jpg The heavy aponeurosis of origin of the left erector spinae has been partially removed near the midline. This portion of the aponeurosis, form which the longissimus thoracic part arises, also serves to give attachment to portions of the underlying multifidus muscle (8). The iliocostalis (2, 6), longissimus (4) and spinalis (5) muscles have been separated from each other. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Components of erector spinae muscle separated, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.006.L.jpg This close-up view of the back of the thorax and lower part of the neck shows in more detail the relations of the iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis muscles illustrated in the previous photograph. In addition, the semispinalis group of muscles (1, 10, 14) has been partially exposed and it can be seen that there is a close interrelation between this group and the longissimus and spinalis muscles. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Components of erector spinae muscle in relation to semispinalis muscles in upper thoracic region https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.004.L.jpg The posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia (9)has been cut away on the left to reveal the erector spinae muscle. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Erector spinae muscle, close-up view of lumbosacral portion https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.002.L.jpg The trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles have been preserved on the right side. These muscles have been removed on the left side and the left shoulder girdle has been pulled aside. The posterior serratus muscles have been cut away and the thoracolumbar fascia has been removed to display the left erector spinae muscles. The delicate, intrinsic fascia of the erector spinae has also been removed. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Erector spinae muscle, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.003.L.jpg In this close-up view of the upper part of the specimen shown in the preceding photograph of the iliocostalis (12), longissimus (13) and spinalis (14) divisions of the erector spinae are more clearly visible. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Erector spinae muscle, close-up view of thoracic portion https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.001.L.jpg The central area of the dissection shown in the preceding view is illustrated in this close-up photograph. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of sacral region, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.007.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated female pelvis, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.001.L.jpg On the side of the neck the superficial or investing layer of cervical fascia has been preserved together with the nerves, blood vessels and lymph nodes that lie external to it. On the right the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles have been exposed by removing this fascia Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Superficial structures of back of neck; cervical fascia; trapezius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.001.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated female pelvis, posteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.002.L.jpg The trapezius and rhomboid muscles have been removed from the left side of the body. The left scapula has been pulled laterally. The serratus posterior superior (5) has been reflected to expose underlying parts of the erector spinae and splenius muscles. Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Left splenius muscles; right trapezius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.005.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.006.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view (155-7) has been cut in the median plane and the right half subsequently has been cut in a plane transverse to the sacroiliac joint and approximately at right angles to the long axis of the sacrum. The sectioned parts have been separated from each other and are viewed from in front. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Sagittal section of lumbosacral spine; transverse section through sacroiliac joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.006.L.jpg The view is directed slightly upward in order that the obturator foramina may be more clearly visualized. Osteology. Articulated female pelvis, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.007.L.jpg The left ilium has been detached to display the auricular surface of the sacrum and the interosseous sacroiliac ligaments. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Sacroiliac joint opened; interosseous sacroiliac ligament, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.004.L.jpg The pubic bones have been removed. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of pelvic girdle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.004.L.jpg The configuration of the male pelvic outlet is shown in this view and should be compared with that of the female pelvis in 154-1. Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, posteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.005.L.jpg The third and fourth lumbar vertebrae have been separated by cutting the intervertebral disc and dividing the posterior joint capsules and the various ligaments connecting the two vertebrae. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Intervertebral articulations viewed from above and behind https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.002.L.jpg Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of coccygeal region, close-up posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=215-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0215.003.L.jpg Muscles, blood vessels and nerves have been removed from this specimen of a young adult male. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of pelvic girdle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.002.L.jpg The specimen is viewed from in front and slightly below in order that details of the obturator foramen may be seen. Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, anteroinferior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.003.L.jpg The shape of the superior pelvic aperture (13) and of the pelvic cavity below this line should be compared with that of the female pelvis shown in 153-7. Osteology. Articulated male pelvis, anterosuperior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0152.007.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated lumbar vertebrae, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=153-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0153.001.L.jpg The more massive male pelvis on the left side of the view is distinguished from that of the female in several respects. It is higher and narrower and exhibits more pronounced surface markings than the female specimen. The angle between the diverging inferior rami of the pubic bones (subpubic angle) is less in the male. The obturator foramina are elongated in comparison with those of the female. Marked differences in the configuration of the superior and inferior pelvic apertures are not clearly visible in this photograph but are shown in subsequent views in this series. The view was made from in front and slightly below the horizontal plane in order to show the subpubic angle and the obturator foramina. The relations in a direct anteroposterior view are visible in the radiograph shown in 155-1. Osteology. Articulated male and female pelvic bones, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0152.005.L.jpg The kidneys have been exposed from behind by the removal of spinal masculature and muscles of the abdominal wall. Fascia and fat related to the kidneys has also been excised. On the left side of psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles have been cut away. On the right, the psoas major has been preserved with the result that the right ureter is obscured from view. Kidneys, suprarenal glands and posterior abdominal vessels, nerves and muscles. Kidneys in situ, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.006.L.jpg The middle layer of thoracolumbar fascia has been removed from the posterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle (7). Small slips of origin join the quadratus lumborum from the transverse processes of the second and third lumbar vertebrae. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Quadratus lumborum muscle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=152-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0152.006.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated lumbar vertebrae, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=214-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0214.007.L.jpg The erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscles have been removed. On the left the gluteus medius has been cut away. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of lumbosacral region, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.003.L.jpg The vertebral arches have been trimmed away to reveal the vertebral canal in the cervical region. On the right side of the specimen the pedicles of the fourth and fifth vertebrae have been cut across so that the right vertebral artery (10) is visible with three of its segmental spinal branches. The atlas has been entirely removed from the specimen. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries within cervical part of vertebral canal, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.004.L.jpg The pedicles of the thoracic vertebrae have been cut across to open the vertebral canal and the intervertebral foamina. The posterior intercostal arteries (3) give off spinal and dorsal branches opposite the intervertebral foramina. Variations in the manner of origin of those branches from different intercostal arteries are evident. In this preparation the course and distribution of the spinal branches of several intercostal arteries may be traced except for branches that were distributed to the laminae which have been cut away. The arteries to the bodies of the vertebrae communicate superiorly and inferiorly with neighboring vessels and across the midline with their fellows of the opposite side. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries within cervical part of vertebral canal of mid thoracic region, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.001.L.jpg The arterial system of a one-year-old infant was injected with red acrylic plastic following which the soft tissues were corroded with potassium hydroxide. The specimen has been prepared to illustrate the arteries of the vertebral column and the relation of these vessels to the posterior portions of the ribs. Ossification of the vertebral bodies and neutral arches is incomplete. This preparation was made by Dr. Donald L. Stilwell, who kindly granted permission for those photographs to be recorded. The present view and the succeeding ones of this series illustrate various aspects of the vessels that supply the vertebral column. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries of cervicothoracic part of vertebral column, right anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.002.L.jpg The specimen illustrated in the previous photograph has been rotated to expose its posterolateral aspect. The distribution of the dorsal rami of the deep cervical and intercostal arteries may be traced. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries of cervicothoracic part of vertebral column, right posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.006.L.jpg The vertebral column is viewed from in front and to the right so that the intervertebral articular cavities (3) of the left side may be seen in profile. Details of the articulations on the right side are obscured by the overlapping shadows of hte spinous processes, pedicles and laminae of the arches. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Radiograph of lumbar part of vertebral column, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.007.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Grant Melvin Stevens of the Palo Alto Clinic. Radiography. Anteroposterior radiograph of female pelvis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.005.L.jpg The right iliac crest has not been included in the drawing. It is visible in the foreground of the view parallel to and below the left iliac crest (13). This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Radiograph of lumbar part of vertebral column, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.003.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Radiograph of thoracic part of vertebral column, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.004.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Radiograph of lumbar part of vertebral column, anteroposterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.001.L.jpg The head is turned to the right in this view of a living female subject and as a result the cervical vertebrae lie in various degrees of rotation. The lower vertebrae are more nearly in the anteroposterior position than the upper ones. The respiratory passages and the oral cavity are outlined by their content of air, which produces a dark shadow in the view. Soft tissues are only faintly visible. This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Charles E. Duisenberg. Radiography. Radiograph of head and neck, left oblique view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=210-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0210.002.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Melvin J. Figley. Radiography. Radiograph of neck, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.007.L.jpg The serratus posterior superior has been reflected laterally to expose branches of the first three intercostal nerves entering the deep surface of the muscle. The fourth intercostal nerve also sends a branch to the muscle, not shown in this view. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Nerve supply to serratus posterior superior muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=213-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0213.001.L.jpg The field of view extends from the level of the eighth rib downward nearly to the iliac crest. The left latissimus dorsi has been removed. The fascia which covered the serratus posterior inferior has been resected. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Left serratus posterior inferior muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.005.L.jpg The fascia covering the levator scapulae and the rhomboid muscles has been removed. The parallel fascicles of the rhomboideus major have been freed of connective tissue and separated to reveal the course of the dorsal scapular nerve and branches of the transverse cervical artery. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Left levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles; nerve supply to rhomboid major https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.006.L.jpg The left shoulder girdle has been freed by removal of the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and rhomboid muscles and has been pulled away from the thoracic wall. The serratus anterior muscles (10) remains intact. The rather thick, elastic layer of fascia (11) between this muscle and the rib cage has been partially resected to reveal the serratus posterior superior muscle (5). Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Left serratus posterior superior in relation to splenius and erector spinae muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.003.L.jpg The lower part of the specimen is shown in view 212-1 is shown in more detail in this close-up photograph. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Superficial structures and external layer of muscles of lumbosacral region of back https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.004.L.jpg The external layer of muscles of the back and left shoulder has been exposed bilaterally. The left trapezius has been reflected laterally from its spinal origin to reveal the layer of fascia between it and the deeper-lying rhomboid muscles. The accessory nerve has been dissected along the deep surface of the trapezius. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Fascia of rhomboid muscles; nerve supply to trapezius muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.002.L.jpg On the lower half of the specimen the tela subcutanea has been dissected to expose cutaneous nerves and vessels. To the right of the midline the trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles have been exposed. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Superficial structures and external muscles of thoracic region of back https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.007.L.jpg The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae have been transformed to permit the removal of the vertebral arches. The ramification of the spinal branches (6) of the lumbar arteries is similar to that in the thoracic region (211-4) in that transversely directed vessels arch across the posterior surface of the vertebral body, sending nutrient branches into the center of ossification and connecting with similar vessels of the opposite side. Ascending and descending communications with neighboring segmental arteries are consistently present. Great variation in the presence and size of radicular arteries is evident in the lumbar region also. The large radicular artery (5) that continues into the anterior spinal artery is the only sizeable vessel of this sort in the field of view. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries of lumbar part of vertibral canal, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=212-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0212.001.L.jpg The skin has been removed form the entire back. On the left half of the body the cutaneous nerves and vessels have been dissected and the deep fascia has been preserved. On the right the external layer of muscles related to the shoulder girdle has been exposed. The following close-up photographs of the thoracic and lumbosacral areas show more details of the cutaneous branches of nerves and arteries. Dissection of thoracic and lumbosacral regions of back from a posterior approach. Superficial structures and external layer of muscles of back, general view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.005.L.jpg The abdominal aorta and the middle sacral artery have been cut away. The spinal branch of the iliolumbar artery, the upper lateral sacral artery and the superior gluteal artery arise by a common stem from the internal iliac artery in this specimen. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries of lumbosacral part of vertebral column, left anterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=211-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0211.006.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view has been turned to expose its left posterolateral aspect. Ossified portions of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum were not sufficiently dry at the time of the photograph to appear as distinctly white as do the centers of ossification elsewhere. Arteries of vertebral column of one. Year-old infant - Arteries of lumbosacral part of vertebral column, left posterolateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.005.L.jpg The contents of the superficial space of the perineum have been exposed by excision of the membranous layer of superficial fascia (Colles' fascia) and of part of the deep perineal fascia (24). The obturator internus muscle, together with branches of the obturator vessels, has been uncovered in situ by removal of the obturator membrane and portions of the pubic and ischial bones that bordered the obturator foramen. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Superficial perineal space; obturator internus muscle; contents of obturator canal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.006.L.jpg The membranous layer of the superficial fascia (shown in view 158-3) has been cut off at the labium majus (17) and removed. The underlying deep perineal fascia has also been trimmed away to expose structures within the superficial perineal space. A margin of the fascia remains anteriorly (15). The contents of the superficial space include the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles (14), the crus of the clitoris (not visible), the bulb of the vestibule (16), the greater vestibular gland (6), the superficial transverse perineal muscle (3) and branches of the pudendal nerve and vessels (6, 8). The posterior labial veins are somewhat dilated and plexiform in appearance. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Superficial perineal space, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.003.L.jpg The lower portion of the dissection shown in the preceding view is displayed in this close-up photograph. The superficial fascia of the perineum has been dissected. The membranous layer of the fascia (25) consists in part of a fan-like series of fibrous bands which radiate into the labium majus from a bony attachment along the inferior ramus of the pubic bone. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Pubis, ischium and external genitalia, close-up view of right lateral aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.004.L.jpg The obturator membrane and neighboring parts of the pubic and ischial bones have been resected. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Right obturator internus muscle, general lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.001.L.jpg The left half of the urogenital diaphragm has been resected to open the anterior recess of the ischiorectal fossa and to display the levator ani muscle. The inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm (anal fascia) has been stripped from the levator ani. Portions of the obturator fascia (13) are visible in the deep part of the dissected area. Female perineum. Inferior aspect of levator ani muscle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.002.L.jpg The right thigh has been detached by disarticulating the femur at the hip joint. Muscles of the gluteal region have been cut off in various ways to demonstrate their interrelations. The obturator externus and pectineus muscles have been completely removed. The periosteum has been stripped from the rami of the pubis and ischium. In succeeding views of this sequence the dissection of the specimen is continued into the interior of the pelvis. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Exterior of pelvis with femur removed, right lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.006.L.jpg The perineal membrane (inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm) has been resected on the left side with the exception of a narrow margin of this layer (12) which remains anteriorly. The contents of the deep perineal space are thus exposed. Female perineum. Deep perineal space. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.007.L.jpg Muscles within the deep space of the perineum have been cut away to expose the dorsal nerve of the clitoris and the internal pudendal vein passing forward in the lateral part of this space. The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (14) forms the superior boundary of the deep space. Female perineum. Deep perineal space (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.005.L.jpg The bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles have been removed on the left side of the specimen. The left bulb of the vestibule has been slightly retracted from its position against the wall of the vestibule. Several small, aberrant bundles of muscle (18) pass across the superficial perineal space in close apposition to the inferior surface of the perineal membrane. Female perineum. Superficial perineal space (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.003.L.jpg The ischiocavernosus (9), bulbospongiosus (10) and superficial transverse perineal muscles (12) have been exposed within the superficial perineal space, or compartment, by the removal of the fascial investment of these muscles shown in the preceding view. Female perineum. Superficial perineal space. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.004.L.jpg The bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles have been elevated to display perineal branches of the pudendal nerve that enter the deep surfaces of the muscles. Female perineum. Superficial perineal space (continued). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.002.L.jpg The course of the pudendal nerve is shown in this close-up view of the pudendal canal. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Pudendal nerve and branches in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.002.L.jpg Dissection of the medial wall of the thalamus and hypothalamus has now exposed the entire column of the fornix, the mammillothalamic tract and the fasciculus retroflexus. Some gray matter partially covers the latter tract. The internal course of several of the posterior perforating arteries can be followed in the dissected area. Within the meninges filling the transverse fissure a choroidal branch of the posterior cerebral artery is visible. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Column of fornix, mammillothalamic tract and fasciculus retroflexus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.003.L.jpg The septum pellucidum has been cut away to expose the lateral ventricle. The column of the fornix (3) has been cut opposite the foramen of Monro and the body of the fornix turned upward. A thickened part of the septum pellucidum (also cut) is associated with the fornix. This is continuous with tissue in the subcallosal gyrus. The choroid plexus of the third and lateral ventricles bounds the most anterior extent of the transverse fissure. The internal cerebral vein (5) is injected and most of the visible branches lie within the transverse fissure. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Lateral ventricle; internal cerebral vein within transverse fissure https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.007.L.jpg The entire right hip bone has been removed from the specimen. The pelvic diaphragm has been split and reflected downward. The pelvic peritoneum (17, 19) remains intact on the right side and is seen from its external aspect. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. General view of pelvic contents with right hip bone removed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=16-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/HD.B.0016.001.L.jpg Removal of the gray matter of the hypothalamus exposes some of the periventricular fibers coursing from the hypothalamic area toward the mesencephalon. Lateral to these, in the depths of the dissection, the column of the fornix (6) is seen as it approaches the mammillary body and the mammillothalamic tract (8) as it leaves. The dissected area (3) of the thalamus contains longitudinally coursing fibers of the internal medullary lamina. More posteriorly, fine fibers are found medial to the position of the fasciculus retroflexus (uncovered in a later dissection). Fibers of the third nerve (32) are exposed within the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. Exploration of the brain from the medial aspect. Column of fornix, mammillothalamic tract and periventricular fibers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.005.L.jpg The pudendal vessels and nerves have been cut away to reveal the lateral aspect of the levator ani muscle, the sacrospinous ligament and the coccygeus muscle. The component parts of the sphincter ani externus (13, 14, 15) are also visible. Dissection of female pelvis from a lateral approach. Levator ani and coccygeus muscles; sphincter ani externus, lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.006.L.jpg The specimen shown in the previous view is here seen in a close-up centered on the sphincter ani externus muscle. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Sphincter ani externus muscle, close-up view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.003.L.jpg The structure and relations of the clitoris are shown in this close-up view of the specimen illustrated in the previous photograph. The ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles have been removed from the dissection. The right crus, body and glans of the clitoris are exposed. A fibrous commissural extension (4) from the pars intermedia of the vestibular bulb, joined by its fellow of the opposite side, passes forward to fuse with the clitoris. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Close-up view of clitoris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.004.L.jpg In an earlier view of this specimen (158-7) the pelvic diaphragm was partially visible through a window cut in the lateral pelvic wall. The exposure of the diaphragm has been increased by resection of more of the ischium. The pudendal vessels and nerves have been retained in place, although the fascia (25) that formed the walls of the pudendal canal has been nearly completely removed from around them. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Pelvic diaphragm, lateral view with pudendal vessels and nerves in situ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=158-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0158.007.L.jpg The obturator internus muscle, shown in view 158-4, has been completely removed from the field of dissection. The obturator fascia (9) which covered the medial surface of the muscle has been excised to open the pudendal canal (Alcock's canal). The pudendal nerve (6) and the internal pudendal artery and vein (8) lie within the canal. Part of the obturator fascia above and anterior to the pudendal canal has been cut away to expose the levator ani muscle. The origin of the levator ani in this case is closer to the terminal line of the pelvis than usual and the tendinous arch usually associated with this origin is indistinct. View 163-5 demonstrates a similar arrangement on the opposite side of the pelvis. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Pudendal canal; obturator fascia; pelvic diaphragm https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=159-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0159.001.L.jpg The specimen has been rotated slightly and is viewed here from a somewhat posterolateral direction. Dissection of female pelvis froma lateral approach. Contents of greater sciatic foramen, close-up lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.004.L.jpg Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of coccygeal region, close-up posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.005.L.jpg Muscles, blood vessels and nerves have been removed from this specimen of a young adult male. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of pelvic girdle, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.002.L.jpg The erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscles have been removed. On the left the gluteus medius has been cut away. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of lumbosacral region, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.003.L.jpg The central area of the dissection shown in the preceding view is illustrated in this close-up photograph. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of sacral region, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.007.L.jpg This specimen consists of three segments, the terminal one of which comprises two small terminal pieces fused together. Osteology. Coccyx, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.001.L.jpg This film was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Grant Melvin Stevens of the Palo Alto Clinic. Radiography. Anteroposterior radiograph of female pelvis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.006.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.004.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.005.L.jpg Osteology. Sacrum, posterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.002.L.jpg Osteology. Articulated female pelvis, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=216-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/BD.B.0216.003.L.jpg The muscles have been cut from their spinal origins (the splenius capitis muscle also cut near its cranial insertion) and reflected laterally. A portion of the fascia which covered the deep surface of the splenius capitis muscle has been preserved. The fascia (15) of the semispinalis capitis muscle (16) has been retained only in a small area. Posterior cervical region and suboccipital muscles dissected from behind. Nerve supply to left splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=154-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0154.003.L.jpg Osteology. Left coxal bone, medial aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.001.L.jpg The superficial fascia has been removed from the perineum. A narrow remnant of the membranous layer of the superficial fascia (16) has been retained along the line of its fusion with the fascia lata close to the ischiopubic rami. The deep perineal fascia (17) appears as a distinct membranous layer that covers the main trunks of the posterior labial nerves in this specimen. In the following view this layer is dissected. Female perineum. Deep perineal fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=157-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0157.002.L.jpg The deep perineal fascia has been resected from the left half of the dissection. The major branches of the posterior labial nerves and vessels (12) that lay deep to this layer have been freed of their connective tissue investments. Still remaining in place is a layer of fascia (14) that covers the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles. Female perineum. Posterior labial nerves and vessels https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.006.L.jpg Female perineum. Female external genitalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.007.L.jpg The skin and subcutaneous tissue have been removed from both thighs and from the left half of the perineum. The labia have been retracted to expose the vestibule of the vagina. Female perineum. Female external genitalia; superficial fascia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-4 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.004.L.jpg Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Pubic symphysis, posterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-5 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.005.L.jpg Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Pubic symphysis, sectioned https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-3 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.003.L.jpg Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Pubic symphysis, anterior aspect https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-1 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.001.L.jpg The specimen shown in the preceding view (155-7) has been cut in the median plane and the right half subsequently has been cut in a plane transverse to the sacroiliac joint and approximately at right angles to the long axis of the sacrum. The sectioned parts have been separated from each other and are viewed from in front. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Sagittal section of lumbosacral spine; transverse section through sacroiliac joint https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=156-2 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0156.002.L.jpg The left ilium has been detached to display the auricular surface of the sacrum and the interosseous sacroiliac ligaments. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Sacroiliac joint opened; interosseous sacroiliac ligament, left lateral view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-6 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.006.L.jpg Muscles within the pelvic cavity have been preserved. The main constituents of the sacral plexus have been left intact on the right side. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Iliolumbar ligaments, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ https://lane.stanford.edu/biomed-resources/bassett/bassettView.html?bn=155-7 2009-01-01 yearly https://lane.stanford.edu/elane/public/L254573/medium/AD.B.0155.007.L.jpg The pubic bones have been removed. Ligaments and joints of lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle. Ligaments of pelvic girdle, anterior view https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/